支架机械取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞的疗效观察

目的观察急性基底动脉闭塞行支架机械取栓治疗的可行性和疗效。方法回顾性纳入2013年9月至2016年12月海军军医大学附属长海医院神经外科收治的30例急性基底动脉闭塞的患者。其中采用Solumbra技术取栓17例,采用单纯支架取栓13例。评价基底动脉闭塞行支架机械取栓治疗的技术可行性、血管再通率、90 d时的预后良好率及手术并发症等。分析术后24 h的神经功能变化、不同技术手段对血管再通率的影响及卒中分型与预后的关系。结果30例急性基底动脉闭塞患者中,50%（15例）的患者为心源性栓塞型。支架机械取栓术后有87%（26/30）的闭塞血管成功再通[改良脑梗死溶栓（mTICI）分级为2b/3级];术后90 d的预后良好率[改良Rankin量表评分（mRS）≤3分]为67%（20/30）。支架取栓术后24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分的中位数较术前明显降低（分别为3分、25分,P＝0.003）。单因素分析结果表明,Solumbra技术组一次取栓血管再通达到mTICI 2b/3级的比率明显高于单纯支架取栓组（分别为69%、30%,P＝0.033）;心源性栓塞型患者的预后良好率明显高于大动脉粥样硬化型患者（分别为87%、45%,P＝0.038）。常见的手术并发症或不良事件包括异位栓塞、出血转化、无效再灌注、再闭塞等。术后90 d随访的病死率为10%（3/30）。结论急性基底动脉闭塞行支架机械取栓治疗安全可行;选择适宜的支架取拴技术有利于提高血管再通率。心源性栓塞型可能是预测基底动脉闭塞机械取栓术后预后良好的重要因素。     

机械取栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效评价——单中心数据分析

目的 评价急性缺血性卒中行机械取栓的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析513例行机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中病例资料,根据临床预后分为良好预后组(n=299)和不良预后组(n=214)。主要评价指标为90 d预后良好率,次要评价指标为血管成功再通率、挽救技术比例、并发症及病死率等。结果 机械取栓术后血管成功再通率(mTICI 2b～3级)为93.8%(481/513),术后90 d预后良好率(mRS 0～2分)为58.3%(299/513),颅内出血率为22.0%(113/513),其中症状性颅内出血率为9.6%(49/513),病死率为12.9%(66/513)。多因素回归分析表明:术前NIHSS22分、代偿评分≥2分、血管再通达mTICI 2b～3级及术后无出血,与良好预后密切相关(均P 0.05)。结论 机械取栓能明显改善颅内大血管闭塞和(或)远端血管闭塞的临床预后。低NIHSS评分、良好代偿、血管成功再通及无出血是机械取栓90 d预后良好的独立预测因素。     

伴有心房纤维性颤动的急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨伴有心房纤维性颤动(AF)的急性缺血性卒中患者行机械取栓治疗的有效性和安全性。方法此研究包含从2011年1月1日至2016年2月29日在包头市中心医院神经内科住院的77例计划进行机械取栓术治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,通过动态心电图监测对患者判定分组。其中20例归为AF组而另外57例为非AF组。机械取栓术前,先使用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对患者评分。取栓后即刻通过脑血管造影观察血管再通情况和残余狭窄情况,并且分别在术后即刻,24h和72h后对患者使用NIHSS标准评分。手术三个月后使用改良的Rankin评分标准(m RS)对患者进行卒中后残疾评分。使用Logistic回归分析找出影响结果的因素。结果急性缺血性卒中行机械取栓术治疗的患者,血管再通率AF组为95%和非AF组的98.25%之间没有明显差别(P=0.455),而闭塞血管的残余狭窄率AF组为0%明显低于非AF组的50%(P=0.001),取栓后进一步行二线血栓切除术(包括:动脉溶栓术、球囊扩张术、支架置入术等)治疗后,闭塞血管的残余狭窄率AF组为0%仍明显低于非AF组的5%(P=0.015)。NIHSS评分组间没有显著差异(P>0.05),m RS评分显示相似比例的预后良好(P>0.05)。回归分析表明,在对年龄、性别、体质量、血压和潜在的疾病调整后,AF组取栓后有较低的残余狭窄率(P=0.004,OR=1.293[1.086,1.540])。结论尽管急性缺血性卒中患者无论是否具有AF都受益于机械取栓术,AF可以提示术后闭塞血管的残余狭窄率较低。     

不同血栓治疗方案在急性脑动脉闭塞患者中的效果对比

目的评价经微导管机械碎栓和支架取栓两种方法结合动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑动脉闭塞的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析49例应用微导管机械碎栓和支架取栓治疗的急性脑血管闭塞患者的临床资料。结果碎栓组血管再通率80.1%,取栓组血管再通率82.4%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后NIHSS评分较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后ADL评分均明显高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支架取栓术的临床疗效和安全性值得肯定,与碎栓组血管相当。碎栓技术更容易推广应用,临床上可根据具体情况选择合适的治疗方法。     

急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓术后预后影响因素分析

目的筛查急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓术后预后相关影响因素。方法 2018年1月至2019年7月共117例急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者行血管内机械取栓术(包括支架取栓术、抽吸取栓术、支架取栓术联合抽吸取栓术),单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛查术后预后不良危险因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.013～1.113;P=0.012)、既往糖尿病(OR=3.074,95%CI:1.023～9.240;P=0.045)、入院时高NIHSS评分(OR=1.143,95%CI:1.043～1.252;P=0.004)、责任血管为椎-基底动脉(OR=11.151,95%CI:2.877～43.079;P=0.000)是急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓术后预后不良的危险因素。结论高龄,既往糖尿病、入院时高NIHSS评分、后循环缺血性卒中的急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者血管内机械取栓术后预后不良。     

串联病变是急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗预后不良的危险因素:单中心队列研究

目的探讨串联病变对急性基底动脉闭塞患者血管内治疗预后的预测价值。方法纳入2012年1月至2018年7月共187例急性基底动脉闭塞患者(包括串联病变25例、非串联病变162例),均行血管内治疗,术前采用后循环Alberta脑卒中计划早期CT评分(pc-ASPECTS)和脑桥-中脑指数(PMI)评价脑梗死范围,后交通评分和美国介入和治疗性神经放射学学会/美国介入放射学学会(ASITN/SIR)分级评价基底动脉闭塞后后循环侧支代偿。主要预后指标为术后即刻血管再通率以及治疗后90 d功能独立性和预后,主要安全终点为术后7 d内颅内出血和症状性颅内出血发生率以及治疗后90 d病死率。结果串联病变组患者病变主要位于基底动脉起始部(包括椎动脉颅内段)和远端(P=0.000)、合并颅内动脉狭窄比例较低(P=0.000)。25例串联病变患者中21例采取Dirty-road路径、4例采取Clean-road路径,支架取栓(P=0.030)和术中静脉注射替罗非班(P=0.028)比例更低,支架植入比例更高(P=0.005),术后即刻血管再通率更低(P=0.001),治疗后90 d病死率更高(P=0.002)。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,串联病变是急性基底动脉闭塞术后即刻血管再通率较低(OR=0.050,95%CI:0.010～0.530;P=0.012)和治疗后90 d病死率较高(OR=17.320,95%CI:2.700～111.040;P=0.003)的危险因素。结论串联病变是急性基底动脉闭塞患者血管内治疗后预后不良的危险因素。     

急性缺血性卒中选择直接血管内机械取栓还是rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械取栓

研究背景对于急性缺血性卒中患者,血管内机械取栓前是否进行rt-PA静脉溶栓,其所获得的风险和收益目前尚未知。本研究探讨急性缺血性卒中患者是直接血管内机械取栓还是rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械取栓。方法纳入中国41所脑卒中中心发病4.5小时内的适宜rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者,按照1∶1比例随机分为直接机械取栓组(直接取栓组)和rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接机械取栓组(桥接取栓组),后者rt-PA剂量0.9 mg/kg。主要研究终点是术后90天改良Rankin量表(m RS)评分整体分布情况,采用非劣效性检验(95%CI下限是否≥0.8);次要结局包括梗死区域再灌注和术后90天病死率等。结果共筛选1586例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中656例患者符合入组标准(直接取栓组327例,桥接取栓组329例)。结果显示:直接取栓组术后90天临床预后(m RS评分)并不劣于桥接取栓组(校正后OR=1.07,95%CI:0.81～1.40;非劣效性P=0.040),但直接取栓组术前成功再灌注比例[2.45%(8/326)对7.01%(23/328);校正后OR=0.33,95%CI:0.14～0.74]和总体成功再灌注比例[79.41%(243/306)对84.49%(267/316);校正后OR=0.70,95%CI:0.47～1.06]低于桥接取栓组,而直接取栓组与桥接取栓组术后90天病死率差异无统计学意义[17.79%(58/326)对18.90%(62/328),P=0.710]。结论对于发病4.5小时内的急性前循环大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者,基于20%可信界值,直接血管内机械取栓的功能结局并不劣于rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械取栓。(该项研究由中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会脑卒中防治工程委员会和吴阶平医学基金会资助;DIRECT-MT试验在Clinical Trials.gov注册号为NCT03469206。)。     

急性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓单中心临床研究

目的探讨血管内机械取栓治疗大血管闭塞致急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性。方法共41例大血管闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者采用血管内机械取栓治疗,记录发病至入院时间、入院至股动脉穿刺时间、发病至血管再通时间,术后即刻采用改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级(mTICI)评价血管再通情况,术后24 h采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价神经功能,术后90 d采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价临床预后;记录围手术期血管内机械取栓相关并发症,术后90 d症状性颅内出血发生率和病死率;采用美国介入和治疗性神经放射学学会/美国介入放射学学会侧支循环分级系统评价前循环侧支代偿,BATMAN评分标准评价后循环侧支代偿。结果 41例患者中12例(29.27%)行静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械取栓。32例(78.05%)术后即刻实现血管再通(mTICI 2b~3级),前循环再通20例(80%,20/25)、后循环再通12例(12/16),组间差异无统计学意义(校正χ~2=1.424,P=0.706);28例(68.29%)术后24 h神经功能改善(NIHSS评分下降≥4分),前循环闭塞18例(72%,18/25)、后循环闭塞10例(10/16),组间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.407,P=0.524);11例(26.83%)术后90 d内死亡,前循环闭塞4例(16%,4/25)、后循环闭塞7例(7/16),组间差异无统计学意义(校正χ~2=2.130,P=0.144),3例死于并发肺部感染和呼吸功能衰竭、8例死于缺血性卒中;14例(34.15%)预后良好(mRS评分≤2分),前循环闭塞10例(47.62%,10/21)、后循环闭塞4例(4/9),组间差异无统计学意义(校正χ~2=0.493,P=0.483);6例(14.63%)发生症状性颅内出血,前循环闭塞4例(16%,4/25)、后循环闭塞2例(2/16),组间差异无统计学意义(校正χ~2=3.303,P=0.856)。33例行侧支代偿评价,20例前循环闭塞患者中14例(70%)侧支代偿良好,其中9例(9/14)术后90 d预后良好,6例(30%)侧支代偿欠佳均预后不良,组间差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法:P=0.014);13例后循环闭塞患者中3例(3/13)侧支代偿良好,术后90 d均预后良好,10例(10/13)侧支代偿欠佳,仅1例(1/10)预后良好,组间差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法:P=0.014)。结论血管内机械取栓用于治疗大血管闭塞致急性缺血性卒中安全、有效,严格把握手术适应证、充分进行术前评估、完善脑卒中救治流程可以提高血管内机械取栓疗效。     

恢复灌注-球囊扩张-机械取栓-支架成形技术在颈动脉串联病变中的应用

目的探讨恢复灌注-球囊扩张-机械取栓-支架成形(RETS)技术在急性颈动脉串联病变血管内治疗的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月于临沂市人民医院神经内科行急诊血管内治疗的颈动脉串联病变患者的临床资料,以改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分作为标准评价患者90 d随访时预后情况,并对不同开通方式患者的临床资料进行分析,包括术后血管成功再通(改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级≥2b级)率、围手术期并发症、90 d良好预后(mRS评分≤2分)率等。结果共纳入88例颈动脉串联病变患者,其中采用RETS技术治疗者48例,采用顺向开通40例。与顺向开通组[(98.88±26.09)min]相比,采用RETS技术组穿刺至再通时间更短[(72.06±17.29)min,t=-5.56,P<0.001],远端一次取栓再通率更高[35/48(73.0%)比21/40(52.5%),χ²=3.93,P=0.047],差异有统计学意义;两组在患者临床预后及手术并发症方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论RETS技术能缩短手术时间,提高远端一次取栓再通率,用以治疗颈动脉串联病变安全可行。     

动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死和心源性脑梗死机械取栓治疗的比较

目的 探讨动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(LAA)和心源性脑梗死(CE)机械取栓治疗的差异和疗效。方法 回顾分析2017年6月-2018年8月行机械取栓治疗的脑梗死患者 33 例,比较2组患者的危险因素、闭塞的血管、侧支循环、取栓次数、从股动脉穿刺至血管再通的时间、取栓后补救措施和血管再通的程度,并评估NIHSS评分、mRS评分和术后并发症。结果 CE组的冠心病(或风心病)、房颤病史比例高于LAA组(P<0.05); LAA 组侧支循环良好率为43.48%,高于CE组的10%(P=0.045); CE组从动脉穿刺到血管再通的时间、取栓的次数均P<0.05); 2组患者术前和术后3月的NIHSS评分、mRS评分比较均无明显差异(P>0.05); 2组开通后再闭塞、脑出血和病死率也无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 相比动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死,心源性脑梗死患者行取栓治疗需要更短的开通时间、更少的取栓次数、得到更好的血流灌注,但2组最终的预后相似。     

Mechanical thrombectomy of acute distal posterior cerebral artery occlusions

To describe our experience with mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) of acute distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusions, either isolated or in combination with more proximal vessel occlusions regarding recanalization rates, MTE techniques, and procedural safety. From the prospectively maintained stroke thrombectomy databases of two institutions, all consecutive patients subjected to MTE of acute distal PCA occlusion (P2 and 3 segments) between July 2013 and May 2020 were retrospectively identified. Imaging data and angiographic features, as well as patients’ demographic and clinical data were evaluated. 35 consecutive patients were included in the study. In 17 patients MTE of isolated acute distal PCA occlusion was performed. 9 patients had combined basilar artery (BA) and distal PCA occlusion on stroke imaging and 3 had embolic distal PCA occlusion following MTE for BA occlusion. 6 patients harbored distal PCA occlusions in combination with carotid-T occlusion and a dominant posterior communicating artery. The median NIHSS at presentation was 14 (IQR 8 – 27). 25 patients (71.4%) had occlusions of the P2 and 10 patients (28.6%) of the P3 segment. Successful recanalization (TICI 2b/3) was achieved in 31 patients (88.6%). 10 patients (28.6%) were treated with a direct contact aspiration technique, while a stent retriever was used in 25 patients (71.4%). No complication attributable to distal PCA MTE occurred. Good outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was achieved in 14 patients (46.7%) and mortality was 22.9%. MTE for acute distal PCA occlusion in the setting of different occlusion patterns appears both safe and angiographically effective. Yet, clinical effectiveness remains to be determined.     

Emergent revascularization of acute tandem vertebrobasilar occlusions: Endovascular approaches and technical considerations—Confirming the role of vertebral artery ostium stenosis as a cause of vertebrobasilar stroke

Patients suffering from acute atherothrombotic occlusion of the proximal vertebral artery (VA) and concomitant basilar artery (BA) occlusion present a grim prognosis. We describe our experience in the endovascular recanalization of tandem vertebrobasilar occlusions using endovascular techniques. The BA was accessed through the normal VA (clean-road) or the occluded, thrombotic VA (dirty-road), and stentriever-based thrombectomy was performed using antegrade or reverse revascularization variants. Seven patients underwent successful stentriever-assisted mechanical thrombectomy of the BA and five sustained concomitant VA revascularization. Stroke onset to endovascular intervention initiation (time-to-treatment) ranged from 4.5–13 hours (mean 8.6). In two of seven patients, the BA occlusion was approached with a ‘clean-road’ approach via the contralateral VA; in five of seven patients, a ‘dirty-road’ approach via the occluded VA was used. Mean time-to-recanalization was 66 minutes (range 55–82). There were no perforations, iatrogenic vessel dissections, or other technical complications. Four patients presented mild-to-moderate disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–3) at 3 months, one remained with moderate-to-severe disability (mRS 4), and two patients died on days 9 and 23 after their strokes. Follow-up ranged from 6–45 months (mean 24 months). In selected patients with acute VA-BA occlusion, stentriever-based thrombectomy performed through either the patent or the occluded VA, may be feasible, effective, and safe. Clinical outcomes in these patients seem to equipoise the neurological outcome of patients with successful revascularization for isolated BA occlusion. This unique pair of occlusions confirms the role of VA ostium stenosis as a cause of vertebrobasilar stroke.     

The Eligible study: ultrasound assessment in acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours

BACKGROUND: Aims of the study: to identify with echo color Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic vessels and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) various patterns of vessel occlusion within 3 h from stroke onset, to compare each group defined at the admission with clinical findings and outcome, and to study the recanalization process, independent of therapy. METHODS: We enrolled 89 consecutive patients (mean age 68.9 years). Ultrasound evaluation was done within 3 h from stroke onset, and was repeated at 3-6 and 24-36 h, at day 5, and at 3 months. At admission, patients were divided into the following groups: internal carotid artery occlusions and stenoses (<50%, 50-69%, > or =70%, near occlusion), middle cerebral artery stenoses and occlusions, tandem occlusions and T occlusions. Vascular recanalization in each group was evaluated. Subgroups were compared for NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the outcome measures mortality, Barthel index (BI) and modified Rankin scale (mRS). Favorable outcome was defined as mRS < or =2 and BI > or =90. RESULTS: Each subgroup differed significantly for baseline NIHSS (p < 0.0001), 3-month mortality (p = 0.0235), BI at day 5 (p = 0.0458) and mRS at 3 months (p = 0.0028), even after adjustment for treatment. T and tandem occlusions were the subgroups with the highest NIHSS scores and the poorest outcomes, and the same subgroups had the worst recanalization rates. CONCLUSIONS: TCCD in the acute setting of stroke patients allows identification of the presence and site of clots, prediction of outcome and study of the dynamic process of vessel recanalization, in both the acute phase and follow-up.     

Outcome and recanalization rate of tandem basilar artery occlusion treated by mechanical thrombectomy

BackgroundTandem basilar artery occlusions (tBAO) are defined as concomitant basilar artery and extracranial dominant vertebral artery occlusions. The prognosis of such tBAO treated by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been scantly reported.The purpose of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of MT for patients with tBAO compared to those with non-tandem basilar artery occlusions (ntBAO).Patients and methodsRetrospective analysis of a database of patients who underwent MT at two academic centres. All patients treated for BAO were retrieved. Patients with tBAO, defined as a concomitant BAO and extracranial vertebral artery (VA) occlusion or severe stenosis ≥70% (V1 or proximal V2 segment) were compared with patients with ntBAO.ResultsA total of 15 patients with tBAO and 74 patients with ntBAO were enrolled. Successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score ≥2b) was obtained in 73.3% versus 90.5% (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.07–1.15), good clinical outcome (3-months modified Rankin scale ≤2) was reached by 26.7% versus 32.4% (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.24–2.63) and mortality at 3-months was 46.7% versus 31% (OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 0.63–6) of patients with tBAO versus ntBAO, respectively. Two patients (13.3%) with tBAO and three (4%) with ntBAO had symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (OR = 3.64; 95% CI: 0.55–24).ConclusionMechanical thrombectomy for patients with tandem basilar artery occlusion tends to be associated with lower rates of successful reperfusion and good clinical outcome, and higher rate of mortality. Larger multicentre studies are warranted to better precise the proper selection and management of such patients.     

4～6h时间窗内急性脑梗死患者行机械开通的疗效分析

目的评价发病4~6h机械开通治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性。方法对2015-06—2016-12在我科住院的发病4~6h时间窗内的187例急性脑梗死患者进行回顾性分析,患者全部行脑血管造影检查明确病因,对大血管闭塞患者行单纯支架取栓治疗,统计血管再通情况及分析临床疗效。结果介入治疗术后M2段闭塞共17例(12例再通),M1段闭塞共58例(52例再通),颈内动脉末端闭塞(T型)共9例(4例再通),床突段闭塞共7例(1例再通),颈内动脉大负荷量血栓共15例(10例再通),椎基底动脉闭塞共28例(24例再通)。M2段闭塞患者治疗1周以后病情较术前明显好转(P0.05),M1段闭塞的患者在术后1d就出现明显好转(P0.01),椎基底动脉闭塞的患者术后第1天就出现明显好转(P0.05)。1个月后mRS 1~3分的患者中M2段闭塞占88%,M1段闭塞占60%,颈内动脉末端闭塞(T型)占11%,床突段闭塞占14%,颈内动脉大负荷量血栓占7%,椎基底动脉闭塞占39%。结论发病4~6h时间窗内行机械取栓血管再通治疗安全有效,大部分患者的闭塞动脉能及时再通,临床疗效显著。     

Angiographical Jaggy Sign of Remnant M2 Occlusion during Acute Mechanical Thrombectomy

Background and purpose: During mechanical thrombectomy for acute main trunk occlusion, we sometimes encounter difficult situation; 1 M2 branch of the middle cerebral artery is successfully recanalized, while the other remains occluded. In this study, we focused on the angiographical findings of remnant occlusion. Methods: Among 83 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for the acute internal carotid artery or proximal middle cerebral artery (M1) occlusion, 25 patients (30%) intraoperatively exhibited the remnant M2 occlusion, in spite of the recanalization of the other M2. We classified the angiographical findings of the remnant M2 occlusion and examined the clinical features, prognosis, and complications, in relation to additional thrombectomy. Results: The remnant M2 occlusion was classified into stump type (40%, 10 cases), round deficit type (28%, 7 cases), and jaggy type (32%, 8 cases). Multivariate analysis suggested that noncardioembolic stroke may lead to jaggy type remnant occlusion with marginal significance (P = .051). Additional thrombectomy for the remnant M2 occlusion resulted in failed recanalization in 6% in the nonjaggy (stump or round deficit) type, whereas in 50% in the jaggy type groups (P = .023). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 6% in the nonjaggy and 38% in the jaggy groups (P = .081), and poor outcome at discharge in 29% and in 50%, respectively. Conclusions: Angiographical jaggy sign in the remnant M2 occlusion suggests the pre-existing or procedure-related pathology, such as atherosclerosis, vasospasm, or arterial dissection. Additional thrombectomy should be carefully determined, as which might lead to adverse events and poor outcomes.     

Safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire device in large artery occlusion

Background and Purpose: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) has limited efficacy in proximal large vessel occlusions. This study was to assess the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy with a retrievable Solitaire stent in acute large artery occlusions . Materials and Methods: This is a single center study enrolling patients treated with Solitaire-assisted thrombectomy between November 2010 and March 2011. Inclusion criteria were severe stroke of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥10, treatment initiation within 6 hours from onset, and an angiographically verified occlusion of proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA). The primary outcome was recanalization defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarct (TICI) reperfusion grade 2b/3. Secondary outcomes were good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≤2), early substantial neurological improvement (NIHSS score improvement ≥8 at 24 hours), and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (SHT). Results: Ten patients were consecutively enrolled: Age: 72.4 ? 5.7 years; female: 70%; baseline median NIHSS score: 19.5; and ICA occlusion in 50% and M1 portion of MCA occlusion in 50%. Six patients received intravenous TPA before intra-arterial treatment, and five patients were treated with adjuvant intra-arterial urokinase. Successful recanalization was achieved in 7 (70%) patients. Four (40%) patients had a good functional outcome at 3 months, and three (30%) patients had an early substantial neurological improvement. SHT occurred in two patients (20%), and 3-month mortality rate was 30%. There was no procedure-related complication. Conclusions: Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire device can effectively recanalize proximal large vessel occlusions, and potentially improves clinical outcome.     

Solitaire AB可回收支架在急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗中的应用

目的探讨Solitaire AB可回收支架治疗颅内前循环大动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性。方法回顾分析31例采用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗颅内前循环大动脉闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,采用脑梗死溶栓血流分级(TICI)评价血管再通、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价神经功能、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价预后,记录围手术期栓塞事件以及术后3个月内颅内出血或死亡。结果 31例患者共使用33枚Solitaire AB支架,其中19例首次机械取栓即实现血管再通;11例进一步行支架植入术,9例实现血管再通,最终总体血管再通率为90.32%(28/31)。术后1周NIHSS评分(8.81±3.40)分,低于术前的(16.06±4.82)分(t=-7.104,P=0.000)。术后3个月预后良好(mRS评分≤2分)16例(51.61%)。围手术期发生栓塞事件3例,随访期间发生颅内出血4例,共死亡6例。结论 Solitaire AB支架用于急性缺血性卒中的机械取栓安全、有效,首次机械取栓血管再通失败可以联合支架植入术作为补充治疗。     

Mechanical thrombectomy with a novel device: initial clinical experience with the ANA thrombectomy device

IntroductionThe ANA? (Anaconda Biomed) thrombectomy system is a novel stroke thrombectomy device comprising a self-expanding funnel designed to reduce clot fragmentation by locally restricting flow while becoming as wide as the lodging artery. Once deployed, ANA allows distal aspiration in combination with a stentretriever (SR) to mobilize the clot into the funnel where it remains copped during extraction. We investigate safety and efficacy of ANA? in a first-in-man study.MethodsProspective data was collected on 35 consecutive patients treated as first line with ANA? at a single centre. Outcome measures included per-pass reperfusion scores, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), NIHSS at day 5, and mRS at 90 days.ResultsMedian NIHSS was 12(9?18). Sites of primary occlusion were: 5 ICA, 15 M1-MCA, 15 M2-MCA. Primary performance endpoint, mTICI 2b-3 within 3 passes without rescue therapy was achieved in 91.4% (n = 32) of patients; rate of complete recanalization (mTICI 2c-3) was 65.7%. First pass complete recanalization rate was 42.9%, and median number of ANA passes 1(IQR: 1?2). In 17.1% (n = 6) rescue treatment was used; median number of rescue passes was 2(1–7), leading to a final mTICI2b-3rate of 94.3% (n = 33). There were no device related serious adverse events, and rate of sICH was 5.7% (n = 2). At 5 days median NIHSS was 1 (IQR 1?6) and 90 days mRS 0?2 was achieved in 60% of patients.ConclusionsIn this initial clinical experience, the ANA? device achieved a high rate of complete recanalization with a good safety profile and favourable 90 days clinical outcomes.     

Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke with Large Bore Intermediate Catheter : A Single Center Experience

ObjectiveEarly successful reperfusion is associated with favorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to achieve successful recanalization by a combined mechanical thrombectomy technique, the Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke (ARTS), which is composed of a flexible large lumen distal access catheter and a retrievable stent as the first-line strategy of mechanical thrombectomy. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 62 patients with AIS who underwent mechanical thrombectomy from 2018 to 2019 at our institute by a senior neurointerventionalist. Among them, patients who were treated using the ARTS technique with the soft torqueable catheter optimized for intracranial access (SOFIA^®; MicroVention-Terumo, Tustin, CA, USA) as the first-line treatment were included. Patients who had tandem occlusions or underlying intracranial artery stenosis were excluded. The angiographic and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The angiographic outcome was analyzed by the rate of successful recanalization, defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b or 3 at the end of all procedures and the rate of successfully achieving the first pass effect (FPE), defined as complete recanalization with a single pass of the device. The clinical outcomes included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and mortality. ResultsA total of 27 patients (mean age, 59.3 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The successful recanalization rate was 96% (n=26) while the FPE rate was 41% (n=11). The mean post-procedural NIHSS change was -3.0. Thirteen patients (48%) showed good clinical outcomes after thrombectomy with the ARTS technique (mRS at 90 days ≤2). Postoperative complications occurred in seven of 25 patients : hemorrhagic transformation in six patients (22%) and distal embolization in one patient (4%). Mortality was 15% (n=4). ConclusionAlthough the clinical outcomes using the ARTS technique with a flexible large lumen distal access catheter performed as the frontline thrombectomy in patients with AIS were not significantly superior than those of other studies, this study showed a high rate of successful endovascular recanalization which was comparable to that of other studies. Therefore, ARTS using the SOFIA^® catheter can be considered as the first choice of treatment for AIS due to large vessel occlusion.