Levels of selected trace metals in canned tuna fish produced in Turkey

Trace metals (iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, tin, mercury and lead) in canned tuna, obtained from 4 different brands in Turkey, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The trace metals were found to be in the range of 20.2-38.7 mg/kg for iron, 8.20-12.4 mg/kg for zinc, 0.48-0.58 mg/kg for copper, 0.01-0.02 mg/kg for cadmium, 0.02-0.13 mg/kg for tin, 0.06-0.30 mg/kg for mercury, and 0.09-0.45 mg/kg for lead. These results showed that there is no risk in canned tuna with respect to the concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium and tin. However, it was determined that some of the samples may contain iron, lead and mercury above the legal limits set by health authorities. It was concluded that trace metals in canned tuna must be monitored comprehensively and periodically with respect to the consumer health.     

Heavy metal hazards of sachet water in Nigeria

The authors assessed sachet water samples sold in Eastern Nigeria. Using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, they analyzed levels of lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel. They also analyzed other parameters, such as nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, salinity, total hardness, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and pH level. Lead levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.036 mg/L in the samples; 5 samples (12.2%) had lead levels above the maximum contaminant level (MCL; 0.015 mg/L). Lead was not detectable in 20 samples (48.8%). Cadmium levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.036 mg/L and exceeded the MCL of 0.005 mg/L in 8 samples (19.5%); it was not detectable in 23 samples (56.1%). Copper was not detected in 2 (0.05%) of the samples. Its range was between 0.018 and 1.401 mg/L. Two samples (0.05%) had copper levels above the MCL (1.30 mg/L). Nickel levels ranged from 0.003 to 0.050 mg/l. The biological oxygen demand of the samples ranged from 3.20 to 36.80 mg/L. Other parameters were normal. The authors found that some of the sachet waters contain heavy metals, and consumers may be exposed to hazards.     

Heavy Metal Hazards of Sachet Water in Nigeria

The authors assessed sachet water samples sold in Eastern Nigeria. Using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, they analyzed levels of lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel. They also analyzed other parameters, such as nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, salinity, total hardness, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and pH level. Lead levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.036 mg/L in the samples; 5 samples (12.2%) had lead levels above the maximum contaminant level (MCL; 0.015 mg/L). Lead was not detectable in 20 samples (48.8%). Cadmium levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.036 mg/L and exceeded the MCL of 0.005 mg/L in 8 samples (19.5%); it was not detectable in 23 samples (56.1%). Copper was not detected in 2 (0.05%) of the samples. Its range was between 0.018 and 1.401 mg/L. Two samples (0.05%) had copper levels above the MCL (1.30 mg/L). Nickel levels ranged from 0.003 to 0.050 mg/l. The biological oxygen demand of the samples ranged from 3.20 to 36.80 mg/L. Other parameters were normal. The authors found that some of the sachet waters contain heavy metals, and consumers may be exposed to hazards.     

Cadmium,zinc, and copper in horse liver and in horse liver metallothionein: Comparisons with kidney cortex

Cadmium, zinc, and copper were determined in liver and in kidney cortex samples obtained from 33 normal Swedish horses. Cadmium concentrations in liver ranged from 0.002 to 0.165 mmole/kg and in kidney from 0.01 to 2.15 mmole/kg. There was a significant correlation between liver and kidney concentrations of cadmium. The average kidney concentration of cadmium was about 15 times that of liver. Zinc concentrations increased with increasing cadmium concentrations in both liver and kidney. The relative increase of zinc with cadmium was more pronounced in liver than in kidney. However, the absolute increase of zinc was larger in kidney due to the much higher concentration of cadmium in kidney compared to liver. Any significant correlation between copper and cadmium, or copper and zinc, could not be revealed. Sephadex gel filtration was performed on supernatants from homogenates of kidney and liver from 19 of the horses. In both organs the major part of cadmium was recovered in protein fractions corresponding to metallothionein (MT), in which the increase of zinc also took place. The molar ratio between zinc and cadmium was higher in MT fractions obtained from liver than in MT fractions obtained from kidney.     

银川吴忠中小学生血清微量元素与生长发育指标的关系

了解银川、吴忠市7~ 17 岁儿童青少年血清微量铁、锌、铜、钙、镁元素水平及其与体格发育指标的关系,为儿童青少年合理补充微量元素提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,在银川(兴庆区、西夏区、金凤区) 和吴忠两市抽取小学6 所、初中5 所、高中2 所.根据相关纳入和排除标准,共抽取研究对象1 860 名.进行体格测定、静脉采血,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定离心血清中微量元素铁、锌、铜、钙、镁水平.结果 儿童青少年铁、锌、铜、钙、镁元素总体水平中位数分别为20.23,2.98,0.76, 72.57, 13.59 mg /L,四分位数间距分别为21.67,2.98,0.38, 38.42,6.89 mg /L.不同年龄组儿童青少年铁、锌、铜、镁元素水平差异均有统计学意义(Z 值分别为20.12,89.93,55.23,55.76,P 值均<0.01),不同性别之间5 种血清微量元素总体水平差异均无统计学意义(Z 值分别为- 0.16,- 0.77,- 1.88,- 0.95,- 2.06,P 值均> 0.05).铁、锌与身高、体重呈正相关,铜、镁与身高、体重呈负相关; 锌与体质量指数(BMI) 呈正相关,铜、镁与BMI 均呈负相关; 锌与年龄别身高(HAZ) 呈正相关,铜、镁与年龄别体重(WAZ) 和年龄别BMI(BAZ) 呈负相关,铁与BAZ 呈负相关(P值均<0.05).结论 微量元素铁、锌、铜、钙、镁对儿童生长发育有重要的意义.应通过学校和家长的互动,提高儿童青少年健康保健意识.     

Iron, zinc, and copper concentrations in breast milk are independent of maternal mineral status

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the regulation of iron, zinc, and copper in breast milk and the transport of these minerals across the mammary gland epithelium. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study associations between breast-milk concentrations of iron, zinc, and copper and maternal mineral status. DESIGN: Milk samples from 191 Swedish and Honduran mothers were collected at 9 mo postpartum. Iron, zinc, and copper concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Blood samples from mothers were analyzed for plasma zinc and copper and 4 indexes of iron status: hemoglobin, plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptors, and zinc protoporphyrin. Complementary food energy (CFE) intake was used as an inverse proxy for breast-milk intake. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) breast-milk concentrations of iron were lower in the Honduran than in the Swedish mothers (0.21 +/- 0.25 compared with 0.29 +/- 0.21 mg/L; P < 0.001), and mean breast-milk concentrations of zinc and copper were higher in the Honduran than in the Swedish mothers [0.70 +/- 0.18 compared with 0.46 +/- 0.26 mg/L (P < 0.001) and 0.16 +/- 0.21 compared with 0.12 +/- 0.22 mg/L (P = 0.001), respectively]. Milk iron was positively correlated with CFE intake (r = 0.24, P = 0.001) but was not significantly correlated with any iron-status variable. Milk zinc was negatively correlated with CFE intake (r = -0.24, P = 0.001) but was not significantly correlated with maternal plasma zinc. Milk copper was not significantly correlated with CFE intake or maternal plasma copper. CONCLUSIONS: Milk iron, zinc, and copper concentrations at 9 mo postpartum are not associated with maternal mineral status, which suggests active transport mechanisms in the mammary gland for all 3 minerals. Milk iron concentrations increase and milk zinc concentrations decrease during weaning [corrected]     

Cadmium/zinc relationships in kidney cortex and metallothionein of horse and red deer: histopathological observations on horse kidneys

Cadmium and zinc were determined in kidney cortex of 63 horses and 51 red deer (Cervus elaphus). Cadmium and zinc were also determined in protein fractions obtained by Sephadex chromatography of kidney cortex from 10 horses and 4 red deer. Histopathological parameters in kidney cortex of horses were compared to cadmium content. The metal contents (on wet weight basis) in kidney cortex of the horses were 0.31 +/- 0.22 mmole Cd/kg (range 0.03-1.21) and 0.63 +/- 0.17 mmole Zn/kg (range 0.36-1.23). The Zn content increased with the Cd content, the Zn increase being less at higher concentrations. No significant increase of the Cd content with age of the horses (range 2-19 years) was found. The metal contents in kidney cortex of the red deer were 0.030 +/- 0.031 mmole Cd/kg (range 0.002-0.13) and 0.51 +/- 0.37 mmole Zn/kg (range 0.30-2.82). Here the Zn content did not increase significantly with Cd content, and in this case a positive linear relation of Cd content with age of the deer (range 0-11 years) was observed. The molar Zn/Cd ratio in the metallothionein fractions of horse kidney cortex was less variable at higher Cd contents. All Cd and the increase of Zn above an average basal level of 0.36 mmole Zn/kg was recovered in the metallothionein fractions. No gross histopathological changes could be observed in kidney cortex of the horses. Nevertheless a slight increase of the thickness of the basement membrane of Bowman's Capsule and also of the diameter of Bowman's Capsule in relation to Cd content up to 0.3 mmole/kg could be observed.     

Iron, zinc and copper status in the elderly living in Warsaw district determined by hair analysis

The aim of this study was to assess the iron, zinc and copper status of elderly people using hair trace element levels determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The samples of hair were taken in May-June 1999 from 73 people aged 75-80 years (50 men and 23 women) living in Warsaw district. The mean content of iron was 17.32 +/- 12.38 micrograms/g dry weight, zinc 176.44 +/- 64.33 micrograms/g d.w. and copper 11.25 +/- 6.32 micrograms/g d.w. Although these values were in range of reference intervals almost 40% of population had iron and zinc level below them, and for copper the result was even worse (50% of the elderly people). No significant differences between trace element content in hair of male and female have been observed. However it has revealed a trend that female hair contained less iron and more zinc than male hair. The mean copper level was similar for both sexes. It has been found that subject who had not excluded any food products from their diets had higher hair iron contents than those with some dietetic restrictions.     

孕期妇女全血5种微量元素的测定

摘要:目的　了解不同孕期妇女外周血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁元素水平的变化。方法　选取2012年7月-2014年6月在我院进行孕前、妊娠及产后体检的20～35岁健康女性为研究对象,选择孕前样本100例,妊娠样本900例（4周为一孕期,每孕期100例）,产后样本收集69例,以原子吸收光谱法测定外周血5种元素含量。结果　血铜水平与孕期正相关（r＝0.388,P＜0.01）,产后下降接近孕前。孕前、孕4～8周及产后血铜水平显著低于其他孕期（-462.09＜H＜-257.67,P＜0.001）。血锌水平孕20周前与孕期负相关（r＝-0.218,P＜0.01）,孕20周后与孕期正相关（r＝0.106,P＜0.01）;血锌水平在产后显著高于孕前～孕32周各期（-373.42＜H＜-193.76,P值介于0.000～0.003）,在孕37～40周显著高于孕4～24周各期（-278.45＜H＜-155.18,P值介于0.000～0.021）,在孕33～36周显著高于孕9～24周各期（-226.90＜H＜-149.10,P值介于0.000～0.035）,在孕前（H分别为160.68,155.39,P值分别为0.013,0.020）及孕29～32周（H分别为-179.66,-174.37,P值分别为0.002, 0.004）高于孕13～20周各期。血镁水平与孕期负相关（r＝-0.165,P＜0.01）,产后恢复至孕前。血镁水平在孕前（156.69＜H＜181.90,P值介于0.002～0.018）、孕4～8周（151.22＜H＜176.43,P值介于0.003～0.029）及产后-211.75＜H＜-186.54,P值介于0.001～0.006）高于孕37～40周及孕17～32周各期,在产后高于孕33～36周（H＝-167.22,P＝0.03）。血铁水平与孕期负相关（r＝-0.264,P＜0.01）,孕33周后逐步恢复。血铁水平在孕前高于孕9～40周各期（163.42＜H＜322.71,P值介于0.000～0.010）,在孕4～8周高于孕17～40周各期（170.15＜H＜228.42,P值介于0.000～0.005）,在孕9～12周高于孕21～28周各期（148.96＜H＜159.29,P值介于0.036～0.015）,在产后分别高于孕21～28周（-187.16＜H＜-176.83,P值介于0.006～0.014＜0.05）及孕33～36周（H＝-166.03,P＝0.032）。不同孕期妇女血钙水平无统计学差异（P＝0.098）。结论　血铜在孕期增高,血镁水平在孕17～32周达到最低,血铁在21～36周达到最低,血锌在孕20周达到最低。妊娠期微量元素的补充应根据该元素在孕期的变化规律有所侧重。     

Prenatal iron supplements impair zinc absorption in pregnant Peruvian women

Prenatal iron supplements may adversely influence zinc absorption during pregnancy. To examine the impact of prenatal iron supplements on supplemental zinc absorption, fractional zinc absorption was measured in 47 pregnant Peruvian women during the third trimester of pregnancy (33 +/- 1 wk gestation). Of these 47 women, 30 received daily prenatal supplements from wk 10-24 of pregnancy until delivery. Supplements contained 60 mg of Fe and 250 microg of folate without [iron group (Fe), n = 16] or with [iron and zinc supplemented group (Fe + Zn), n = 14] 15 mg of Zn. The remaining 17 women [unsupplemented control group (C)] received no prenatal supplementation. Zinc concentrations were measured in plasma, urine and cord blood and percentage zinc absorption was determined following dosing with oral ((67)Zn) and intravenous ((70)Zn) stable zinc isotopes. Percentage zinc absorption was significantly lower than controls in fasting women receiving iron- containing prenatal supplements (20.5 +/- 6.4 vs. 20.2 +/- 4.6 vs. 47.0 +/- 12.6%, Fe, Fe + Zn and C groups, respectively, P: < 0.0001, n = 40). Plasma zinc concentrations were also significantly lower in the Fe group compared to the C group (8.2 +/- 2.2 vs. 9.2 +/- 2.2 vs. 10.9 +/- 1. 8 micromol/L, Fe, Fe + Zn and C groups, respectively, P: = 0.002), and cord zinc concentrations were significantly related to maternal plasma Zn levels (y = 6.383 + 0.555x, r = 0.486, P: = 0.002). The inclusion of zinc in prenatal supplements may reduce the potential for iron supplements to adversely influence zinc status in populations at risk for deficiency of both these nutrients.     

Iron supplements inhibit zinc but not copper absorption in vivo in ileostomy subjects

BACKGROUND: Iron supplements may inhibit intestinal zinc and copper uptake because these elements may compete for binding to a transporter molecule (divalent metal transporter 1) that is located on the apical side of the small intestinal epithelium. OBJECTIVE: We quantified the interaction between different amounts of administered iron and the absorption of zinc and copper in humans. DESIGN: Eleven subjects with an ileostomy [mean (+/- SD) age: 55 +/- 9 y] ingested a stable-isotope-labeled zinc and copper solution containing 12 mg Zn ((66)Zn and (67)Zn) and 3 mg Cu ((65)Cu) in the presence of 0, 100, or 400 mg Fe as ferrous gluconate on 3 respective test days. Subsequently, 1 mg (70)Zn was injected intravenously. Subjects collected ileostomy effluent and urine for 24 h and 7 d, respectively. Zinc status and true zinc absorption were calculated from the urinary excretion of the zinc isotopes. Apparent copper absorption was calculated from ileostomy effluent excretion of the orally administered copper isotopes. RESULTS: Zinc status did not differ significantly between the 3 iron doses. Mean (+/- SEM) zinc absorption was significantly higher in the absence of iron than with the concomitant ingestion of 100 or 400 mg Fe (44 +/- 22% compared with 26 +/- 14% and 23 +/- 6%, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas zinc absorption did not differ significantly between the 100- and 400-mg Fe doses. Apparent copper absorption was 48 +/- 14%, 54 +/- 26%, and 53 +/- 7% in the presence of 0, 100, and 400 mg Fe, respectively, and did not differ significantly between the 3 iron doses. CONCLUSION: Oral iron therapy may impair zinc absorption and thus zinc status in a dose-independent fashion but does not affect copper absorption.     

Zinc and iron nutrition in Chilean children fed fortified milk provided by the Complementary National Food Program

OBJECTIVE: Chilean infants are at risk for isolated zinc and iron deficiencies because of a low consumption of animal products in low socioeconomic sectors. In 1999, the National Complementary Food Program of Chile manufactured a new milk (2 kg of powdered milk/mo) fortified with iron (Fe; 10 mg/L), zinc (Zn; 5 mg/L), and copper (0.5 mg/L) to be provided to infants until age 18 mo and to pregnant women. We analyzed the nutrition status of zinc and iron at age 18 mo in infants who consumed the fortified cow's milk. METHODS: Forty-two healthy male children with normal growth and from lower socioeconomic groups were studied. A nutrition survey was conducted; blood and hair samples for Zn in plasma and hair, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were obtained. RESULTS: Mean intakes were: energy, 106 +/- 27 kcal. kg(-1). d(-1); protein, 3.8 +/- 1.1 g. kg(-1). d(-1); Zn, 5.2 +/- 1.9 g/d (0.98 mg Zn/MJ; 68% of World Health Organization recommendations); Fe, 11.2 +/- 5.5 mg/d; and dietary fiber, 9.8 +/- 3.9 g/d. Plasma Zn in 54.8% of children was no greater than 12.3 microM/L; 36% had hair Zn level no greater than 1.23 microM/g and 39% had serum ferritin levels no greater than 10 microg/dL (12% were anemic). Hair Zn was correlated to socioeconomic level (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.53; P < 0.001) and plasma Zn was correlated to the z weight/length (r = 0.47; P < 0.05), subscapular skinfold (r = 0.46; P < 0.05), and Zn intake (r = 0.46; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The fortified powdered cow's milk provided to infants until age 18 mo by the Complementary Food Program in Chile favorably affects the Fe status of these children, but possibly not the Zn nutrition; we suggest re-evaluation of the levels of Zn fortification.     

Plasma zinc and copper levels of infants fed different milk formulas

The plasma zinc and copper levels of 32 full-term healthy infants, aged 3-4 months, using different infant formulas, were measured. The plasma zinc levels of infants using soy formula (45.1 +/- 19.1 micrograms/dl) and iron-fortified cow's milk formula (61.6 +/- 12.9 micrograms/dl) were significantly lower than those of the infants using cow's milk formula not fortified with iron (77.5 +/- 13.4 micrograms/dl). The plasma copper levels of the infants using the different formulas were not significantly different from each other. Fortification of infant formulas with high levels of iron may reduce the zinc absorption from such formulas.     

On the content of arsenic, lead, copper, zinc, tin and iron in bottled fruit, strained fruit pulp and bottled jam produced in Poland

One hundred and fifty-three samples of bottled fruit, strained fruit pulps and jams contained in glass jars were analysed for heavy metals. All arsenic concentrations were less than the limit of detection of 0.04 mg/kg as were all tin concentrations for which the limit of detection was 8 mg/kg. The concentrations of the lead were all below 0.2 mg/kg for bottled fruit and 0.3 mg/kg for stained pulps and jams. In bottled fruit 98% of samples contained less than 3 mg/kg of copper, 98% less than 5 mg/kg of zinc and 97% less than 10 mg/kg of iron. In strained pulps all samples contained less than 2 mg/kg of copper and less than 5 mg/kg of zinc, 41% of samples contained less than 20 mg/kg of iron. In jams all samples contained less than 2 mg/kg of copper and less than 5 mg/kg of zinc, 96% samples contained less than 20 mg/kg of iron.     

Cofortification of iron-fortified flour with zinc sulfate,but not zinc oxide,decreases iron absorption in Indonesian children

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is a major nutritional concern in developing countries, and food fortification is a common strategy to treat it. In Indonesia wheat flour is fortified with 60 mg Fe/kg, but because of increasing concerns about marginal zinc status in at-risk populations, consideration is being given to cofortifying flour with zinc. However, little is known about the effect of zinc fortification of flour on iron bioavailability or about the optimum form of zinc supplementation. OBJECTIVE: We measured iron and zinc bioavailability from wheat-flour dumplings containing 25 g flour fortified with 60 mg Fe/kg, either alone or with 60 mg Zn/kg as zinc oxide or as zinc sulfate. DESIGN: Ninety children aged 4-8 y were recruited and assigned randomly to the 3 groups; 86 completed the study. Iron and zinc absorption were measured with established stable-isotope methods. RESULTS: Iron absorption from the flour fortified with iron only was good (15.9 +/- 6.8%), but when corrections were made for hemoglobin concentrations, it was significantly lower from the flour cofortified with zinc sulfate (11.5 +/- 4.9%; P < 0.05) but not from the flour cofortified with zinc oxide (14.0 +/- 8.9%). Zinc absorption was not significantly different between the zinc oxide and zinc sulfate cofortified flours (24.1 +/- 8.2% compared with 23.7 +/- 11.2%; P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Iron and zinc appear to be highly bioavailable from foods made from fortified flour, but zinc sulfate cofortification may have a detrimental effect on iron absorption.     

云南大红山铜矿区成年居民铜、铁、锌血清水平和膳食摄入量

目的 了解云南大红山铜矿成年居民铜、铁、锌的血清水平和膳食摄入量.方法 在大红山矿区随机抽取180名成年居民,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测血清铜、铁、锌水平.从180人中随机抽取60人,采刚化学分析法调查膳食铜、铁、锌摄入量.结果 171人的血清铜、铁、锌水平分别为（0.90±0.18）、（1.25±0.93）、（0.75±0.28）mg/L,血清铜和铁呈显著负相关（r=-0.26,P＜0.001）.血清铜与年龄呈显著正相关（r=0.25,P＜0.001）,女性血清铜水平明显高于男性（P=0.011）.60人的膳食铜、铁、锌摄入量分别为（1.74±1.09）、（16.29±10.73）、（7.56±3.38）mg/d,女性均明显低于男性（P＜0.05）.血清铜、铁、锌水平和膳食摄入量均存在地区差异.结论 云南大红山矿区成年居民血清铜、铁水平均正常,血清锌水平偏低.铜、铁、锌的膳食摄入量均未超过可耐受最高摄人量,且部分人摄入量偏低.     

经口摄入高硒镉对大鼠肝,肾组织中镉,锌,铜含量影响的研究

选用4周龄SD大鼠,经口染毒高硒(5.68mg/kg)、富硒(0.73mg/kg)和(或)高镉(33.3mg/kg)12周,并分别在实验的第3、6、9、12周末各处死一批大鼠,研究经口摄入高硒高镉对大鼠肝、肾组织中镉、锌、铜含量的影响。结果表明:同时摄入高硒高镉组大鼠体内镉蓄积明显低于单纯摄入高镉组;对单独摄入高硒、高镉所诱导的大鼠肝脏锌含量增加表现为拮抗作用;对单独摄入高硒所致大鼠肾脏锌含量降低的影响表现为拮抗作用;对单独摄入高硒、高镉所致大鼠肾脏铜含量增加的影响表现为协同作用。     

Effect of zinc intake on copper excretion and retention in men

To determine the influence of zinc intake on copper excretion and retention, nine men consumed diets containing 2.6 mg of copper/day and 1.8, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 18.5 or 20.7 mg of zinc/day for one- or two-week periods in a 63-day study. Copper and zinc in the diet and copper in plasma were determined weekly; fecal copper was determined daily and averaged within each week. The weekly mean (+/-SEM) plasma copper concentrations (81 +/- 3.3 to 100 +/- 5.8 micrograms/dl) remained within the normal range throughout the study. Fecal copper and apparent copper retention were influenced by the level of dietary zinc and the duration it was fed. When 18.5 mg of zinc/day was fed for two consecutive weeks following a lower zinc intake, fecal copper was elevated and apparent copper retention was reduced after a one-week lag. Thus, an intake of zinc only 3.5 mg/day above the RDA for men reduced apparent retention of copper at an intake of 2.6 mg/day.     

济南市蔬菜中硝酸盐及重金属污染

目的 了解济南市蔬菜中硝酸盐和重金属含量。方法 于2003年在济南市主要蔬菜基地采集17种蔬菜样品采用紫外分光光度法测定硝酸盐含量,同时采集8种蔬菜样品采用原子吸收光谱法测定重金属(铅、镉、铜、锌)含量,并根据GB18406—2001进行评价。结果 17种蔬菜中硝酸盐含量最高的为芹菜(4895mg／kg),最低的为西红柿(23mg／kg),平均为1074mg／kg。8种蔬菜中铅、镉、铜、锌的含量分别为：0．007-0．037、0．002-0．033、0．28-2．00、0．39-3．80mg／kg。叶菜类中芹菜和小白菜硝酸盐含量超标率分别为100％和22％,其余均未超标;根茎类中萝卜硝酸盐含量超标33％,藕未超标;瓜果类中芸豆、菜花、茄子、豆角硝酸盐含量超标率分别为100％,40％,33％,8％,其余均未超标。绿叶菜类和根茎类重金属含量普遍高于瓜果类,8种蔬菜中重金属含量均未超出无公害蔬菜限量标准。结论 济南市蔬菜中硝酸盐污染应引起重视。     

Total Mercury,Methylmercury, Inorganic Arsenic and Other Elements in Meat from Minke Whale (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</Emphasis>) from the North East Atlantic Ocean

Meat samples of 84 minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) mainly from the Barents Sea, collected between 1 May and 16 August 2011, were analyzed for total mercury, methylmercury, cadmium, lead, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic and selenium. The average total mercury concentration found was 0.15?±?0.09 mg/kg, with a range from 0.05 to 0.49 mg/kg. The molar ratio of selenium to mercury varied between 1.0 and 10.3. Cadmium content ranged from 0.002 to 0.036 mg/kg, while the content of lead in whale meat ranged from <0.01 to 0.09 mg/kg. None of the whale samples exceeded established EU maximum levels for metals in fish muscle, but 4.8% and 6.8% of the samples exceeded Japanese maximum levels for total mercury and methylmercury, respectively, in whale meat. There was only minor variations in element concentrations between whales from different geographical areas, and cadmium was the only element were the concentration increased with increasing length.