肺癌袖状切除术与全肺切除术疗效比较分析

背景与目的 肺癌袖状切除术可以达到与全肺切除相似的肿瘤和淋巴结切除率，而且，同全肺切除相比，可以减少肺功能的丧失，改善患者生存质量。该研究旨在比较肺癌患者肺癌袖状切除术和全肺切除术的5年生存率和术后并发症。方法 选取我院自1990年1月～2000年12月收治的173例肺癌袖状切除术和435例全肺切除术患者，回顾性分析两种手术方式的5年生存率，并比较其并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率的差别。结果 肺癌袖状切除术患者总的5年生存率为42．3％，全肺切除术为30．9％，前者生存期明显长于后者（P-0．007）；其中右侧肺癌行袖状切除术的患者5年生存率优于右全肺切除术[p-0．004（N0），0．025（N1），0．042（N0）]；左侧N0期肺癌袖状切除术后生存期明显优于左全肺切除（P=0．018），N1及N2期肺癌两种术式的5年生存率无差异；支气管肺动脉成形术与全肺切除术的生存期亦无显著性差异；肺癌袖状切除术后肺感染和心律失常并发症发生率低于全肺切除术（P-0．019），围手术期死亡率无显著性差异。结论 在可以选择袖状切除术或全肺切除术的肺癌患者中，右侧病变适合进行癌袖状切除术，而左侧病变无淋巴结转移者应首选癌袖状切除术，支气管肺动脉成形术与全肺切除术相比并未延长生存期。     

老年肺癌支气管成形术与全肺切除术的疗效比较

[目的]探讨老年肺癌支气管成形术与全肺切除术的术后并发症和术后5年生存率。[方法]收集该院自1991年1月至2002年5月收治的33例肺癌袖状切除术和82例全肺切除术患者资料，回顾性分析两种手术方式的5年生存率，并比较其并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率的差别。[结果]肺癌支气管成形术组的5年生存率显著优于全肺切除术组（P=0．0371。左侧无淋巴结转移（N0）的肺癌患者，袖状切除术的5年生存率明显高于全肺切除术．而N1和N2期肺癌患者两种术式的5年生存率无显著性差异（P=0．357，P=0．168）；而右肺癌袖状切除术患者，N0和N1期肺癌患者的5年生存率均显著优于右全肺切除术患者[P=0．025（N0）0．037（N1）]，N2期肺癌患者两种术式的5年生存率无显著性差异（P=0．142）。无论有无淋巴结转移，左全肺切除术患者的5年生存率均明显优于右全肺切除术[P=0．041（N0）0．031（N1），0．011（N2]。围手术期肺癌支气管成形术和全肺切除术的并发症主要为肺部感染和心律失常，两组中两者的发生率均有明显差异（P〈0．05）；而死亡率两者并无差别（P=0．704）。[结论]肺支气管成形术较全肺切除术更能延长肺癌患者的生存期，在可以选择袖状切除术或全肺切除术的肺癌患者中，右侧病变适合进行癌袖状切除术，而左侧病变无淋巴结转移者应首选癌袖状切除术。     

老年肺癌支气管成形术与全肺切除术的疗效比较

[目的]探讨老年肺癌支气管成形术与全肺切除术的术后并发症和术后5年生存率。[方法]收集该院自1991年1月至2002年5月收治的33例肺癌袖状切除术和82例全肺切除术患者资料，回顾性分析两种手术方式的5年生存率，并比较其并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率的差别。[结果]肺癌支气管成形术组的5年生存率显著优于全肺切除术组（P=0．0371。左侧无淋巴结转移（N0）的肺癌患者，袖状切除术的5年生存率明显高于全肺切除术．而N1和N2期肺癌患者两种术式的5年生存率无显著性差异（P=0．357，P=0．168）；而右肺癌袖状切除术患者，N0和N1期肺癌患者的5年生存率均显著优于右全肺切除术患者[P=0．025（N0）0．037（N1）]，N2期肺癌患者两种术式的5年生存率无显著性差异（P=0．142）。无论有无淋巴结转移，左全肺切除术患者的5年生存率均明显优于右全肺切除术[P=0．041（N0）0．031（N1），0．011（N2]。围手术期肺癌支气管成形术和全肺切除术的并发症主要为肺部感染和心律失常，两组中两者的发生率均有明显差异（P〈0．05）；而死亡率两者并无差别（P=0．704）。[结论]肺支气管成形术较全肺切除术更能延长肺癌患者的生存期，在可以选择袖状切除术或全肺切除术的肺癌患者中，右侧病变适合进行癌袖状切除术，而左侧病变无淋巴结转移者应首选癌袖状切除术。     

纵隔镜手术在临床N2期肺癌中的应用价值

背景与目的探讨纵隔镜手术在临床N2期肺癌纵隔淋巴结病理分期中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结1999年9月-2008年4月87例经纵隔镜检查的肺癌患者的临床资料,其中颈部纵隔镜手术83例,胸骨旁视纵隔镜手术4例。术前所有患者胸部CT均发现同侧纵隔和(或)隆突下淋巴结肿大(直径>1.0cm)。结果本组87例患者,经纵隔镜检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者61例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者26例。纵隔镜检查阴性者中转开胸行肺叶切除或肺楔型切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,术后病理证实24例纵隔淋巴结未见转移,2例隆突后淋巴结可见癌转移(纵隔镜检查假阴性)。纵隔镜手术敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为96.8%、100%和97.7%。本组术中发生无名动脉撕裂1例,并发症发生率为1.1%(1/87)。无围手术期死亡。结论纵隔镜手术安全、可靠,是明确临床N2期肺癌纵隔淋巴结是否转移的有效方法。     

手术切除直径≤2 cm非小细胞肺癌的术后临床病理研究

目的:探讨手术切除直径≤2cm非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床病理特点。方法:选取2010年至2014年间治疗组共138例直径≤2 cm非小细胞肺癌的手术病例。通过临床病理资料及术后随访回顾性分析手术方式、淋巴结转移程度、组织病理类型等对术后生存的影响。结果:样本总体的5年生存率为71.7%。其中138例患者中共有24例（17.4%）发生淋巴结转移,无淋巴结转移的患者5年生存率为82.7%,而pN1和pN2患者的5年生存率分别为75.0%和48.1%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。接受肺叶切除术的患者5年生存率明显高于接受肺段或肺部分切除的患者（P<0.05）。患者术后肿瘤分期Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的5年生存率分别为89.8%、77.8%和43.1%（P<0.05）。结论:直径≤2 cm的非小细胞肺癌患者的术后生存与手术方式、淋巴结转移程度及肿瘤分期密切相关,肿瘤的大小不应作为是否行系统性淋巴结清扫的依据。     

Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌的诊断与外科治疗

目的　探讨Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)患者的诊断与治疗。方法　Ⅰ期 (T1N0M0和T2N0M0 )NSCLC患者 2 74例 ,均行手术治疗。术后随访满 5年 ,对随访资料进行生存分析。结果　 2 74例中 ,通过体检发现 96例 ,有 81例行痰液脱落细胞学检查 ,查出癌细胞者 33例 ,阳性检出率为4 0 .7%。全组肺叶切除 2 5 7例 ,袖状切除 3例 ,全肺切除 1例 ,楔形切除 9例 ,肺段切除 4例。无围手术期死亡。Ⅰ期NSCLC患者的 1,3,5年生存率分别为 92 .9%、79.6 %和 6 6 .1%。行肺叶切除患者的1,3,5年生存率分别为 94 .1%、79.3%和 6 7.5 % ;楔形切除和肺段切除患者的 1,3,5年生存率分别为76 .5 %、5 0 .0 %和 38.3% (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　定期体检对Ⅰ期肺癌的早期发现与诊断尤为重要 ,痰液脱落细胞学检查应作为Ⅰ期肺癌的常规检查 ,低剂量螺旋CT在早期肺癌的检出及诊断方面具有优越性。外科肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫是早期肺癌的首选治疗方案。     

Ⅰ～ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结清扫范围的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）外科治疗中系统性淋巴结清扫的作用。方法 对可手术的504例Ⅰ-ⅢA期病例随机分成研究组和对照组。研究组在肺切除同时行系统纵隔淋巴结清扫术;对照组则在肺切除同时仅行肺门淋巴结清扫术;纵隔淋巴结肉眼怀疑转移者则行该淋巴结摘除术。凡符合入选标准病例均对术式、病理类型、病理分级、肿瘤体积、淋巴结切除总数目、淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移比（淋巴结转移数量／淋巴结切除总数量）、PTNM分期、辅助治疗、随访期间内的复发转移、手术并发症、生存时间、生存质量等13项指标进行观察和评价。生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,预后分析用Cox成比例危险率模型。结果 504例中,符合研究标准的病例共320例,研究组160例,平均每例切除淋巴结9．49个;对照组160例,平均每例切除淋巴结3．63个。Ⅰ期肺癌研究组的1,3,5,9年生存率分别为91．8％、86．9％、81．4％和74．2％,对照组为88．7％、72．5％、58．5％和52．1％,差异有显著性。Ⅱ、ⅢA期两组间的生存曲线差异无显著性。影响长期生存率的因素有术后分期、淋巴结转移比和淋巴结清扫范围3个因素。结论 肺叶（全肺）切除加上系统性的胸内淋巴结清扫,能减少肺癌术后局部复发率和远处转移率,提高长期生存率,可列为非小细胞肺癌的规范性术式。     

胸腔镜辅助支气管肺动脉成形术治疗94例高龄肺癌

目的:评价胸腔镜辅助下小切口行支气管、肺动脉成形肿瘤切除并纵隔淋巴结清扫治疗高龄中央型非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效.方法:对2001年3月～2003年11月河南省人民医院收治的94例65岁以上手术前已确诊为中央型非小细胞肺癌患者,行胸腔镜辅助下小切口支气管、肺动脉成形肿瘤切除并行纵隔淋巴结清扫.与同期90例同年龄段的中央型非小细胞肺癌行常规开胸全肺切除并纵隔淋巴结清扫患者的临床资料进行比较分析.结果:94例惠者中1例死于手术后术侧脓胸,围术期死亡率1.1%.本组患者1年、3年和5年生存率分别为67.8%、52.6%和47.3%,3年和5年生存率与行常规开胸全肺切除并纵隔淋巴结清扫患者40.8%和30.9%相比,差异均有明显的统计学意义(P＜0.01);本组平均每例患者的纵隔淋巴结清扫数(11.61枚)同全肺切除术组(11.97枚)相比,差异无明显的统计学意义(P＞0.05);本组患者围术期肺部感染、心率失常、呼吸衰竭、肺栓塞和下肢静脉血栓形成并发症的发生率分别为18.1%、34.0%、7.4%、1.1%和1.1%,与常规全肺切除术组28.9%、70.0%、24.4%、3.3%和6.7%相比,差异均有明显的统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:胸腔镜辅助下小切口行支气管、肺动脉成形肿瘤切除并纵隔淋巴结清扫术既达到了完整切除肿瘤和彻底清扫纵隔淋巴结的目的,又减少了手术创伤和围术期并发症的发生率,提高了高龄患者手术后的生存质量.是一种符合高龄肺癌人群特点的安全、可靠的手术方法.     

肺癌侵犯胸壁的外科治疗

目的探讨肺癌侵犯胸壁的手术切除方式及影响患者生存的因素.方法对30例侵犯胸壁的肺癌患者的外科治疗结果进行综合分析.结果全组中肺叶切除26例,双肺叶切除2例,全肺切除2例;壁层胸膜外切除6例,胸壁肌肉和肋骨切除(整块切除)24例.根治性切除25例,根治切除率83.3%(25/30).手术并发症发生率6.7%(2/30),手术死亡率3.3%(1/30).鳞癌18例,腺鳞癌8例,腺癌3例,大细胞未分化癌1例.T3N0M0 20例,T3N1M0 5例,T3N2M0 5例.采用寿命表法(life table)计算生存率,用对数秩和检验(Logrank test)其显著性.1、3、5年生存率分别为40.2%、10.8%和10.8%.根治性切除患者5年生存率为13.2%,姑息性切除者中无5年生存者(P＞0.05).根治性切除无淋巴结转移者5年生存率为15.5%,有淋巴结转移者中无5年生存者(P＞0.05).不考虑淋巴结转移情况,根治性切除患者中,肿瘤侵犯胸壁局限于壁层胸膜者的5年生存率为15.0%,而侵犯胸壁肌肉和肋骨者中则无5年生存者(P＞0.05).结论胸膜外切除或胸壁整块切除是外科治疗肺癌侵犯胸壁的主要手段.能否根治切除、有无淋巴结转移以及胸壁受侵程度是影响患者术后生存的重要因素.     

两种纵隔淋巴结清扫方式治疗的219例ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者生存分析

背景与目的:在可切除的ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者手术治疗中,如何正确处理纵隔淋巴结对预后非常关键,目前国内外学者对ⅢA期NSCLC患者纵隔淋巴结的清扫范围有较大争议.本研究目的在于探讨以两种纵隔淋巴结清扫方式对NSCLC患者生存的影响.方法:回顾性分析1999年1月至2004年1月,在新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院外科行完全性切除术的219例ⅢA期NSCLC患者的临床资料及生存状况,其中109例采用采样式纵隔淋巴结清扫术(mediastinal lymph node sampling,LS),110例采用系统纵隔淋巴结清扫术(systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy,SML).寿命表法和Kaplan-Meier法比较累积生存率及中位生存时间,Cox多因素生存模型分析影响生存的主要因素.结果:LS组患者术后1、3、5年生存率分别为82%、28%、13%,SML组分别为88%、37%、16%,两组术后中位生存期分别为20.0、23.5个月,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Cox多因素分析结果表明,病理类型、纵隔淋巴结转移状况、纵隔淋巴结清扫方式是影响ⅢA期NSCLC N1或N2转移患者预后的因素(P＜0.05).结论:对可手术治疗的ⅢA期NSCLC患者行系统性纵隔淋巴结清扫可以提高生存率.     

Ⅲ期N2非小细胞肺癌的外科治疗

目的：探讨Ⅲ期N2非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者外科治疗的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法：回顾性分析1982－1996年手术治疗的266例Ⅲ期N2 NSCLC患者的5年生存率,与同期手术的N0、N1患者做比较,用Cox模型分析病理分型、淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移区域、手术方式、T状态、手术性质等对N2的NSCLC患者预后的影响。结果：266例Ⅲ期N2的NSCLC患者的5年生存率为17．3％,明显低于同期N0、N1患者的5年生存率（51．4％和30．4％）,淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移区域、T状态、手术性质为影响预后的重要因素。结论：对单区域纵隔淋巴结转移且估计能完全切除的Ⅲ期N2（特别是T1）NSCLC应采取以手术为主的综合治疗。     

Surgery versus stereotactic radiosurgery for single synchronous brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of surgery with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with a single synchronous brain metastasis from successfully treated non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, 53 patients underwent resection of both primary non-small cell lung cancer and the associated single brain metastasis. There were 33 men and 20 women with a mean age of 57 years (range, 32(85 years). At the time of diagnosis, 42 patients experienced lung cancer related symptoms, whereas 11 patients experienced brain metastases-related symptoms. 42 patients had received thoracic surgery first, and 11 patients had undergone neurosurgery or radiosurgery first. Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 out of 42 patients (21.4%), lobectomies in 30 (71.4%), and wedge resection in 3 (7.2%). 48 patients (90.5%) underwent complete lymphadenectomy. 35 patients underwent brain metastasectomy. 18 underwent SRS.Results: There was no postoperative mortality and severe complications after either lung or brain surgery. Histology showed 34 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, and 3 large cell lung cancers. 15 patients (28.3%) had no evidence of lymph node metastases (N0), 20 patients (37.7%) had hilar metastases (N1), and 18 patients (34%) had mediastinal metastases (N2). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 49%, 19%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The corresponding data for neurosurgery group were 55%, 17%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. The median survival time was 13 months. For SRS group the corresponding data were 44.8%, 20.9% 10.5%, and 2%, respectively. The median survival time was 14 months. The differences between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). In lymph node negative patients (N0), the overall 5-year survival rate was 10%, as compared with a 1% survival rate in patients with lymph node metastases (N1(2). The difference was significant (P<0.01). For adenocarcinomas, the 5-year survival rate was 5%. The correspondent data for squamous cell lung cancers was 3%. The difference was not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: Although the overall survival rate for patients who have brain metastases from NSCLC is poor, surgical resection or radiosurgery may be beneficial in a select group of patients with synchronous brain metastases and lung cancer without lymph node metastases.     

扩大切除加广泛淋巴结清扫治疗T3～4N2M0期肺癌的体会与评价

目的 总结已有外侵的巨大肺癌肿块（T3－4）及纵隔淋巴结阳性（N2）的手术切除经验,观察远期疗效,分析临床意义。方法 131例T3－4N2M0期肺癌肺叶切除时,分别扩大切除外侵组织,切除一侧整个纵隔胸膜及脂肪,广泛清扫纵隔内淋巴结。结果 肿瘤切除后打破了机体的免疫封闭状态,3年生存率鳞癌达34．0％,腺癌为18．0％。综合治疗组与单纯手术组相比,3,5年生存率均较低,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。纵隔淋巴结阳性的T3－4期肿瘤扩大切除广泛淋巴结清扫后再行综合治疗,效果不佳。结论 扩大切除加广泛淋巴结清扫治疗T3－4N2M0期肺癌降低了手术探查率,提高了手术切除率,但扩大手术指征仍需谨慎选择。     

Ivor Lewis食管切除术二野淋巴清扫治疗73例胸下段食管鳞癌的临床疗效

背景与目的:食管切除局部区域淋巴清扫是胸下段食管癌的主要治疗手段.本研究旨在评价Ivor Lewis食管切除术二野淋巴清扫治疗胸下段食管癌的临床效果.方法:选择1998年1月至2001年12月73例行Ivor Lewis食管切除术二野淋巴清扫的胸下段食管鳞癌病例,观察清扫的淋巴结数目、术后并发症发生率、死亡率等指标,Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析.结果:术后并发症发生率15.1%,死亡率2.7%.淋巴结转移率71.2%,上纵隔淋巴转移率17.8%.Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期34例,Ⅲ期32例,Ⅳ期2例.总的5年生存率为23.3%.N0与M病例5年生存率分别为38.1%与17.3%(P＜0.01).ⅡA、ⅡB、Ⅲ期病例的5年生存率分别是31.2%、27.8%、12.5%(P＜0.01).结论:Ivor Lewis食管切除术二野淋巴清扫治疗胸下段食管鳞癌是一项安全的手术,可增加完整切除(肉眼及镜下均无癌残留)机会.     

Lung Cancer Survival Improvement through Surgical Intervention in PUMCH Hospital

Objective： To investigate and evaluate improvement of lung cancer survival after surgical intervention in PUMC hospital during the last 15 years. Methods： From January 1989 to December 2003, 1574 lung cancer cases underwent surgical treatment and followed up. All cases in this series were divided into two groups according to time period： group A （1999-2003） and group B （1989-1998）. The difference in the survival rate between groups A and B was compared. Results： The morbidity and mortality in group A was decreased significantly in comparison to group B （11.2% vs. 19.2%, 1.06% vs. 1.93%, respectively）. However, the 3-year and 5-year survival rate was increased from 42.35% to 56.07%, and from 28.46% to 38.99%, respectively. A significant improvement in survival was observed in patients with stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and ⅢA, but not in those with stage ⅢB and Ⅳ. Also, patients with lobectomy had more satisfactory results than those receiving exploratory thoracotomy, limited resection, pneumonectomy and sleeve resection. Conclusion： Lobectomy plus systematic mediastinal lymph nodes dissection has become the standard mode for resectable lung cancer. Combination of complete resection along with lymph nodal dissection, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on platinum/3^rd generation chemotherapy medicine, has preliminarily been justified, proving an important approach for effective improvement in long-term survival of non-small cell lung carcinoma.     

32例双原发肺癌的临床分析

目的: 探讨双原发肺癌的诊断及外科治疗手段。 方法: 对32例双原发肺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果: 全组32例,其中同时性16例,异时性16例,占同期外科治疗人数的1.13%。同时性双原发肺癌(sDPLC)行肺叶切除10例,肺叶切除+局部切除6例。异时性双原发肺癌(mDPLC)第一原发肺癌行手术治疗分别为肺叶切除14例,袖状切除2例。第二原发肺癌行手术治疗分别为肺叶切除13例,局部切除3例。sDPLC术后五年生存率为16.9%,mDPLC组以首发癌计算,五年生存率为62.9%,再发癌五年生存率为32.3%。组中行肺叶切除者与肺叶+局部切除者5年生存率为分别为46.6%,25.0%。围手术期死亡率为3.12%。 结论: 手术切除为多原发肺癌的主要治疗方法。在保证肺功能的前提下,尽可能行肺叶切除,无论何种术式必须清扫淋巴结。     

Survival and characteristics of lymph node involvement in patients with N1 non-small cell lung cancer

N1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) encompasses a heterogeneous subgroup with differential lymph node involvement. Among 738 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection, including 579 patients (78.5%) with systematic hilar and mediastinal lymph nodal dissection, from 1992 to 2001, 82 patients were pathologically defined as having N1 disease. We retrospectively analyzed the factors influencing survival, including the characteristics of lymph node involvement; the location of involved stations, the number of involved stations, the number of involved nodes, and the status of nodal involvement (microscopic N1, nodal involvement first defined by postoperative histological examination; or macroscopic N1, nodal involvement obviously recognized by preoperative examinations or surgical explorations). The overall 5-year survival rate of the 82 patients with N1 disease was 50.9%. No significant differences in the overall survival were found with regard to gender, age, histologic type, type of resection, or adjuvant therapies. Pathologic T status significantly influenced the overall survival (T1 versus T2 disease, P=0.008). According to the characteristics of lymph node involvement, the prognosis of patients with multiple-node N1 involvement was significantly poorer than that of those with single-node N1 involvement (5-year survival: 29.6% versus 61.5%, p=0.003). The prognosis of patients with macroscopic N1 disease was significantly poorer than that of those with microscopic N1 disease (5-year survival: 43.0% versus 65.0%, P=0.046). By comparison with the survival of patients who underwent surgical resection during the same period for pathologic N0 (pN0) and pathologic N2 (pN2) diseases, no survival differences were observed between microscopic N1/single-node N1 and pN0, or between multiple-node N1 and pN2 diseases. In patients with pathologic N1 disease, microscopic N1 and single-node N1 diseases may be an early stage, whereas multiple-node N1 disease behaves like an advanced stage.     

Intermittent adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy after resection of non-small cell lung cancer with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis

The prognosis of patients with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis remains poor notwithstanding the progress in multimodal therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. We conducted a feasible study of intermittent adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy after surgery for patients with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Eleven patients with pathologically N2 or N3 lung cancer (10, adenocarcinomas; 1, squamous cell carcinoma) were enrolled. Five completely resected cases received systemic chemo-immunotherapy and six incompletely resected cases received local chemo-immunotherapy by an indwelling catheter in the thoracic cavity. Cisplatin-based and dose-dependent anti-cancer drugs were selected on the basis of sensitivity tests. Either adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell or combination of interferon gamma# and OK432 were administered after chemotherapy. This adjuvant therapy was performed every 2-3 months after surgery for 2 years. The 2-year survival rate for all cases were 72.7% and the 2-year disease-free survival were 36.4%. The 2-year survival rate for five completely resected cases and six incompletely resected cases was 80% and 66.7%, respectively. Combined intermittent chemo-immunotherapy after surgical resection of tumors may be a promising modality to improve the survival of patients with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.