氨基酸营养液改善生长发育的动物实验研究

目的 探索和验证改善生长发育功能动物实验方法。方法 将实验大鼠按体重分层随机分为3个剂量组和1个阴性对照组。按1.0ml／100gBW容积分别灌胃给各剂量受试物和蒸馏水,每天1次,连续35天。每天称给饲料量及前一日剩余量,每周称体重1次。开始实验的第0、14、28、35天测量大鼠的体重、身长。结果 从第2周末起至实验终末,受试物各剂量组大鼠体重的平均值、平均增重量、体长平均值、体长平均增长量及食物利用率平均值均高于阴性对照组。结论 受试的氨基酸营养液具有改善生长发育的趋势。     

牛磺酸复合制剂促进小鼠生长发育作用的研究

目的:研究牛磺酸复合制剂对小鼠生长发育的影响。方法:采用SPF级昆明种性成熟小鼠,以牛磺酸复合制剂人群推荐日摄入量扩大2、10、30倍分别作为低、中、高剂量组(相应量为1 34、6 70、20 1ml/kg·bw),从母鼠受孕至仔鼠生后4周连续加入饮用水中经口给予,同时设空白对照组。观察母鼠生育后胎仔情况、并对仔鼠体重及身长、生理发育指标和神经发育指标进行测定。结果:与对照组比较,牛磺酸复合制剂各剂量组仔鼠在体重、身长、生理指标、平面翻正、负趋地性、空中翻正、悬崖回避、前肢握力等生理、行为、神经发育指标差异有显著性。结论:牛磺酸复合制剂具有促进昆明种仔鼠生长发育作用。     

健儿宝复合微量营养素制剂促进小鼠生长发育的实验研究

目的 :研究健儿宝复合微量营养素制剂对大鼠生长发育的影响。方法 :参照《国家卫生部保健食品评审办法》促生长发育的有关检测方法进行。结果 :一定剂量健儿宝复合微量营养素制剂可使幼鼠体重显著增加 ,耳廓分离时间、长毛时间和开眼时间显著短于对照组。幼鼠的满月存活率 ,7天、1 4天和 2 8天体重 ,4～ 8周雌雄鼠增重和雄鼠食物利用率均显著高于基础饲料组 ;三次空中翻正试验正确率也明显高于基础饲料组 ;第 1 5天前肢握杆时间显著长于基础饲料组。结论 :健儿宝复合微量营养素制剂具有良好的促生长发育的作用。     

缺锌及不同剂量补锌对大鼠食物利用率和生长发育影响的研究

观察缺锌及补锌对大鼠食物利用率和生长发育的影响。结果表明，缺锌大鼠的摄食量、食物功效比值（ＦＥＲ）、体重、睾丸重量、血红蛋白含量均明显下降，１２ｍｇ、３０ｍｇ或２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ剂量补锌均可使缺锌大鼠的各项指标恢复正常。提示，缺锌可抑制大鼠食物利用率和生长发育，而一个生理需要量的剂量补锌已可使原缺锌大鼠的食物利用率和生长发育完全恢复。     

河麂乳改善生长发育作用的实验研究

[目的]观察河麂乳改善生长发育作用. [方法]实验大鼠按体重随机分为阴性对照组和河麂乳不同剂量组.每天给蒸馏水及受试物1次,连续6周,观察各组实验动物体重、体长、体重和体长增量、食物利用率等情况. [结果]从给受试物后第4周末起,受试物各剂量组大鼠体长均高于阴性对照组,受试物0.67 g/kg剂量组大鼠体长增量高于阴性对照组.从给受试物后第4周末起,受试物4.0g/kg剂量组大鼠体重及体重增量高于阴性对照组.在整个实验周期内,受试物对大鼠食物利用率无明显影响. [结论]在本实验条件下,河麂乳具有改善生长发育作用.     

溴氰菊酯对染毒孕鼠仔鼠生长发育的影响及中药干预作用

目的:观察溴氰菊酯(DM)雌性大鼠孕期染毒对子代生长发育的影响及补肾健脾复方助孕3号对DM发育毒性的干预作用。方法:将妊娠大鼠分为对照组及3个染毒组,染毒组自妊娠第1~15天经口灌服1/20LD50DM(6.93 mg/kg),另灌服生理盐水、成人等效剂量中药液及牛磺酸溶液(0.2 g/kg)。待孕鼠分娩后观察仔鼠不同时点的体格发育及生长发育情况。结果:DM染毒各组仔鼠在不同时点的体重、身长均显著低于对照组,出毛、张耳、雄性仔鼠睾丸下降时间等生长发育指标也与对照组有显著差异。但各组性别比无显著性差异。结论:溴氰菊酯具有发育毒性,可通过胚胎胎盘转运,对子代的生理发育产生不良影响,但不影响子代性别;等效剂量的中药和牛磺酸不能有效干预溴氰菊酯的发育毒性。     

竹叶抗氧化物大鼠生殖毒性研究

目的研究竹叶抗氧化物对大鼠生育繁殖机能有无损害作用,为其应用提供安全性毒理学评价依据.方法设1.43、4.30g/kg体重二个剂量组和一个对照组,进行一代生殖毒性研究.结果母体效应提示竹叶抗氧化物对亲代大鼠体重、增重、进食量和食物利用率,孕鼠体重及受孕率、妊娠率与对照组均无显著性差异.胎仔效应提示对大鼠胎鼠、骨骼发育及内脏、对大鼠胎鼠出生存活率、哺乳存活率(4天和21天存活)、产仔总数及平均仔重、仔鼠生长发育、主要脏器体重比与对照组均无显著性差异.结论在本研究条件下,表明竹叶抗氧化物未见明显生殖毒性.     

纳米颗粒物对大鼠妊娠结局及其子代近期记忆的影响

目的目的探讨不同化学成分的纳米颗粒物对大鼠妊娠结局及其子代发育的影响。方法将受孕大鼠随机分为4组(纳米碳、纳米氧化锌、纳米碳锌复合颗粒及牛血清对照组),采用气管滴注染毒方式,剂量为7.5mg/kg bw,每天一次,连续5天。待孕鼠自然分娩,记录妊娠率、生产仔鼠数、仔鼠4天存活率及仔鼠行为神经等发育状况。结果纳米氧化锌、碳锌复合颗粒染毒组孕鼠妊娠率分别为57.2%和66.7%,均低于对照组及纳米碳组的100.0%;各组所生产仔鼠均数无显著差异;在哺乳期纳米氧化锌组仔鼠第4、7和21天体重均显著高于其他实验组。水迷宫结果显示,纳米碳锌复合颗粒组在第二、第三潜伏期潜伏时间较其他各组明显增加,纳米碳、纳米氧化锌组的潜伏时间与对照组相比差异无显著性。平面翻正反射、空中翻正反射实验结果与对照组相比差别无显著性。结论该实验条件下,纳米氧化锌对大鼠的生殖有一定的毒性作用,对仔鼠的生长发育有一定的促进作用;纳米碳锌复合颗粒对子代近期记忆有负面影响。     

饲喂高蛋白饲料28天对离乳大鼠生长发育的影响

目的探讨高蛋白饲料对离乳大鼠的生长发育是否有影响。方法 SD离乳大鼠60只,雌雄各半,完全随机分组为基础饲料组、中剂量组和高剂量组,分别饲喂含20%、30%和40%蛋白质饲料28 d,测定大鼠体重,进食量、食物利用率等生长发育指标和生化指标。结果中、高剂量组体重、总进食量显著降低,每周食物利用率以及总食物利用率都有所提高,除雄鼠中剂量组的尿素氮显著升高(F=8.85,P0.01),高剂量组的谷丙转氨酶降低(F=4.21,P0.05),血糖升高(F=9.76,P0.01)差异有统计学意义外其余生化指标差异均无统计学意义。结论 28 d高蛋白饮食导致大鼠体重下降,进食减少,生化指标差异无统计学意义。     

孕期苯并(a)芘暴露对仔鼠肝细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达水平的影响

目的探讨孕期不同剂量苯并(a)芘暴露对仔鼠肝脏凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-xl和Bax表达水平的影响。方法将雌雄大鼠合笼后雌性SD大鼠见阴栓确定为受孕,以检出日为孕期第0 d。将孕鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,分为对照组(玉米油)和苯并(a)芘处理组(0.75 mg/kg、1.5 mg/kg和3 mg/kg)。从妊娠第3 d开始经灌胃苯并(a)芘直到妊娠第17 d结束,分别在孕0、4、7、14、19 d称孕鼠体重。待其自然分娩后24 h内测量仔鼠的体重、身长及尾长,然后取仔鼠肝脏,采用Western blot方法检测仔鼠肝脏中Bcl-xl和Bax蛋白的表达水平。结果随着孕期苯并(a)芘暴露水平的增加,新生仔鼠体重、身长、尾长等生长发育指标均有一定程度的下降,但未达到显著性差异(P>0.05)。Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,中、高剂量染毒组仔鼠肝脏的Bcl-xl蛋白表达均明显下降,Bax蛋白表达均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论本研究建立了一种低水平的苯并(a)芘暴露模型,随着孕期苯并(a)芘染毒剂量的增加,新生仔鼠肝脏的凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-xl/Bax比值下降,提示细胞凋亡可能是参与孕期苯并(a)芘暴露导致新生仔鼠肝脏毒性作用的机制之一。     

SD大鼠30 d喂养试验正常参考值的探讨

[目的]探讨SD大鼠30 d喂养试验体重、脏器重量和食物利用率各指标的参考值范围。[方法]收集本实验室用于30 d喂养试验的SD大鼠体重、脏器重量和食物利用率等指标进行分析。[结果]雄鼠的增重、进食量和食物利用率高于雌鼠;脏器绝对重量雄鼠高于雌鼠,肝、肾脏器系数性别间差异无统计学意义。[结论]雄性生长发育速度快于雌性,各指标95%参考值范围与文献报道基本一致。     

Developmental and neurobehavioral effects of perinatal exposure to diets with different ω-6:ω-3 ratios in mice

ObjectiveTo investigate in mice the effect of diets enriched with soy or sunflower oil with different ω-6:ω-3 ratios on gestation, reproductive success, physical maturation, and the neurobiological development of the pups.MethodsDams were assigned, throughout gestation and lactation, to different groups: a commercial diet (CD), a soy oil–enriched diet (SOD), or a sunflower oil–enriched diet (SFOD). Measurements during gestation were dams' body weights and daily food intakes. Measurements in the offspring were physical parameters (body weight, body length, body mass index, fur appearance, pinna detachment, incisor eruption, eye opening, and puberty onset) and behavioral preweaning tests (surface righting reflex, negative geotaxis, and cliff avoidance).ResultsThe SOD and SFOD dams became significantly heavier than the CD dams from gestational days 14 and 19, respectively, to parturition. There were no significant differences in gestational length or food consumption during pregnancy or lactation or in maternal weight during lactation. Diets did not modify litter size, sex ratio, survival index at weaning, or body weight. The SFOD and SOD offspring were significantly shorter than the CD offspring at weaning. The mean offspring physical scores of SOD and SFOD offspring were higher than CD offspring and simple reflexes were earlier in the SOD and SFOD groups. In SFOD offspring, puberty onset was significantly delayed, at postnatal days 26 and 27 in male and female offspring, respectively.ConclusionThis study suggests that the maintenance of an adequate ω-6:ω-3 ratio is necessary for the optimal growth and development of murine offspring. In populations that do not have sufficient provision of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet, their consumption would be advisable during gestation and lactation because these improve most neurodevelopmental outcomes included in this study.     

Effect of maternal excessive sodium intake on postnatal brain development in rat offspring

Abstract

Objectives

Postnatal brain development is affected by the in utero environment. Modern people usually have a high sodium intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hyperingestion during pregnancy on the postnatal brain development of rat offspring.

Methods

The sodium-overloaded rats received 1.8% NaCl in their drinking water for 7 days during the last week of gestation. Their body weight, urine, and blood levels of sodium and other parameters were measured. Some rats were sacrificed at pregnancy day 22 and the weight and length of the placenta and foetus were measured. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus were obtained from their offspring at postnatal day 1 and at postnatal weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Western blot analyses were conducted with brain tissue lysates.

Results

The sodium-overloaded animals had decreased weight gain in the last week of gestation as well as decreased food intake, increased water intake, urine volume, urine sodium, and serum sodium. There were no differences in placental weight and length. The foetuses of sodium-overloaded rats showed decreased body weight and size, and this difference was maintained postnatally for 2 weeks. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring, the protein levels of myelin basic protein, calmodulin/calcium-dependent protein kinase II, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were decreased or aberrantly expressed.

Discussion

The present data suggest that increased sodium intake during pregnancy affects the brain development of the offspring.     

不平衡氨基酸对肿瘤生长的影响

目的 比较几种不平衡氨基酸营养支持对肿瘤生长的影响。方法 荷Walker-256癌肉瘤SD大鼠,空肠喂饲肠外营养制剂10天,据所喂饲制剂中氨基酸组成的不同,分为：A组（平衡氨基酸组）、B组（增量精氨酸不平衡氨基酸组）、C组（去蛋氨酸不平衡氨基酸组）、D组（去缬氨酸不平衡氨基酸组）、E组（增量精氨酸、去蛋氨酸、去缬氨酸不平衡氨基酸组）。肿瘤体积增长速度、肿瘤重量、肿瘤重量／尸重,肿瘤组织PCNA指数,肿瘤细胞周期各时相百分比以及DNA倍性作为观察肿瘤生长速度的指标。结果 上述各指标值显示：B、C、D组与A组相比,除DNA倍性外,其余各项指标值均降低（P＜0．01）,但B、C、D组间比较无显性差异（P＞0．05）。E组与B、C、D组相比较,所有指标值均显降低（P＜0．05）。结论 平衡氨基酸促进肿瘤生长;增量精氨酸、去蛋氨酸、去缬氨酸三种不平衡氨基酸对肿瘤生长有同等抑制作用;增量精氨酸、去蛋氨酸、去缬氨酸复合不平衡氨基酸对肿瘤生长抑制作用更显。     

氯氰菊酯和甲基对硫磷混配对大鼠生殖发育的影响

[目的]探讨妊娠期氯氰菊酯和甲基对硫磷混配染毒,对母鼠的生殖毒性和对子代大鼠生殖和发育的影响。[方法]Wistar孕鼠112只随机均分为4组,于孕1～15天连续经口灌胃染毒不同剂量农药(两种农药以相当于0、1/300、1/95、1/30LD50的剂量等毒混配),对照组采用溶剂灌胃。56只孕鼠(每组14只)妊娠19天时处死,测定胚胎毒性;另56只孕鼠自然分娩,记录空孕率、每窝活产数、妊娠天数、平均产仔数和性别比;测量其371只仔鼠的体重增长和生长发育情况;10周龄时随机抽取雌鼠32只(每组8只)、雄鼠40只(每组10只)处死,称量生殖腺重量,计数睾丸每日生精量和附睾精子数。[结果]孕鼠胚胎毒性指标中仅高剂量组活胎比低于中剂量组和对照组(P<0.05);各剂量组分娩孕鼠的空孕率、妊娠天数、产仔数、平均活产数、仔鼠性别比与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05)。各剂量组仔鼠体重增长与对照组一致(P>0.05);高剂量组仔鼠出生第一天尾长比对照组长(P>0.05);雌性仔鼠的卵巢脏器系数与混配农药剂量之间存在剂量-效应关系(rs=0.3144,P=0.0172);各剂量组雄鼠睾丸每日精子生成量和附睾精子数与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05)。[结论]妊娠期甲基对硫磷和氯氰菊酯混配染毒,对母鼠有一定的胚胎毒性,并对仔鼠生长发育有轻微的影响。     

Effects of dietary mixtures of amino acids on fetal growth and maternal and fetal amino acid pools in experimental maternal phenylketonuria

BACKGROUND: Branched-chain amino acids have been reported to improve fetal brain development in a rat model in which maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is induced by the inclusion of an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, and L-phenylalanine in the diet. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether a dietary mixture of several large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) would improve fetal brain growth and normalize the fetal brain amino acid profile in a rat model of maternal PKU induced by DL-alpha-methylphenylalanine (AMPhe). DESIGN: Long-Evans rats were fed a basal diet or a similar diet containing 0.5% AMPhe + 3.0% L-phenylalanine (AMPhe + Phe diet) from day 11 until day 20 of gestation in experiments to test various mixtures of LNAAs. Maternal weight gains and food intakes to day 20, fetal body and brain weights at day 20, and fetal brain and fetal and maternal plasma amino acid concentrations at day 20 were measured. RESULTS: Concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in fetal brain and in maternal and fetal plasma were higher and fetal brain weights were lower in rats fed the AMPhe + Phe diet than in rats fed the basal diet. However, fetal brain growth was higher and concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in fetal brain and in maternal and fetal plasma were lower in rats fed the AMPhe + Phe diet plus LNAAs than in rats fed the diet containing AMPhe + Phe alone. CONCLUSION: LNAA supplementation of the diet improved fetal amino acid profiles and alleviated most, but not all, of the depression in fetal brain growth observed in this model of maternal PKU.     

锰对大鼠子代生长发育的影响

观测了经口染锰对大白鼠子代生长发育的影响。结果显示：（１）高剂量组仔鼠的体重显著下降，但脑重／体重比值却明显升高；（２）在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫试验中，高剂量组仔鼠前５天每天到达潜台的潜伏期显著缩短；在第６天无潜台探测试验中，其在原潜台象限的游泳长度明显增长，但游泳的总长度与对照组和低剂量组之间却无差异；（３）染锰组，特别是高剂量组仔鼠海马的胶质细胞纤维酸蛋白免疫反应强度和免疫反应阳性产物的平均相对密度，均比对照组仔鼠显著增高