职业硼暴露对男性精子质量的影响

目的 研究职业硼暴露对男性精子质量的影响.方法 选择66名在硼矿区从事硼作业且高职业硼暴露男性工人为暴露组;61名饮食硼暴露和工作强度与暴露组相似,但无职业硼暴露的当地男性居民为社区组;68名远离硼矿的男性居民为对照组.对研究对象进行体格检查和精液分析.研究对象每隔20～30 d采集1次精液,共采集3次.使用综合光学可视精子分析仪进行精液分析.应用方差分析比较组间精子密度、前向运动精子百分率和α级精子差异.结果 3次重复测量结果的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;暴露组、社区组和对照组间的精子密度、前向运动精子百分率和α级精子差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 在现有研究条件下,未见职业硼暴露对男性精子密度、前向运动精子百分率和a级精子产生明显影响.     

硼作业工人精子质量的初步分析

目的研究硼暴露对男性精子质量的影响。方法于2002年在辽宁省某硼矿区及硼加工厂选择硼暴露组(60人)和对照组(9人)男性研究对象,进行体格检查和精液分析。精液分析使用综合光学可视精子分析仪和光学生物显微镜。结果对照组的精子密度、精子前向运动百分率、a级精子完全符合WHO标准,而暴露组各项指标均有不符合WHO标准的样本,高达44.8%的样本精子前向运动百分率低于WHO标准(≥50%)。暴露组和对照组的精子存活率、精子前向运动百分率、a级精子、精子的曲线运动速度和直线运动速度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),并且暴露组精子各项指标的均值除精子密度外均低于对照组。结论硼暴露的工人精子质量有所下降。     

应用DNA链断裂等指标评价短波辐射对男性生殖功能的影响

目的：探讨短波辐射对精液质量产生的影响，提出加强男性生殖保健的预防措施。方法：采用单细胞凝胶电泳和精子全自动分析相结合的方法对两组不同职业男性的精液标本进行检测。结果：接触短波辐射暴露和未接触短波暴露的正常对照组精液全自动分析各项指标均无异常，但单细胞凝胶电泳中I级彗星率即DNA链断裂数量暴露组明显高于对照组，结论：单细胞凝胶电泳可用于评价职业和环境对男性精液质量的影响，为临床和卫生防护部门能够早期发现精子亚临床损伤提出科学依据。     

冷冻精液室温暴露时间对前向运动精子冷冻复苏率的影响

目的:研究冷冻精液在室温下反复暴露时间对复苏精液质量的影响。方法:选取2018年广东省计划生育专科医院人类精子库筛查期10例供精者的40份精液标本,按照精液在室温(26℃)下暴露时间长短分为1min组、2min组、4min组、对照组(未暴露于室温),分别检测反复在室温下暴露20次的不同组别的冷冻精液复苏前后的前向运动精子百分率,并计算前向运动精子冷冻复苏率。结果:对照组前向运动精子冷冻复苏率[(73.84±2.53)%]显著高于2min组[(71.15±.21)%]、4min组[(67.65±0.94)%](P0.05),与1min组[(72.83±0.79)%]无差异(P0.05);1min组前向运动精子冷冻复苏率显著高于2min组(P0.05)和4min组(P0.05);2min组前向运动精子冷冻复苏率显著高于4min组(P0.05)。结论:冷冻精液在室温下反复暴露≥2min对前向运动精子冷冻复苏率有显著影响,且冷冻精液在室温暴露时间越长,前向运动精子冷冻复苏率越低。冷冻精液在室温下反复暴露≤1min对前向运动精子冷冻复苏率无显著影响。     

职业性接触乙草胺农药对男工精液质量的影响

目的探讨乙草胺农药对男工精液质量的影响。方法分别选择某农药厂乙草胺生产男工24名为暴露组、厂行政办公区男性工作人员46名为内对照组,另选择某疾控中心男性工作人员22名为外对照组。对各组环境空气中乙草胺及其相关溶剂如甲苯、二甲苯进行连续3 d的监测,同时选择暴露区及外对照区各3人进行连续3 d的个体采样,评价暴露水平;按统一标准收集一次性精液,用WHO推荐的方法和标准对精液质量、精子的形态学进行评价,同时应用计算机辅助精子分析(CASA)系统对精子的运动能力进行分析。结果暴露组空气中乙草胺浓度明显高于内、外对照组(P<0.01),而甲苯、二甲苯浓度差异无显著性(P>0.05),同时个体采样结果也显示暴露组乙草胺浓度显著高于外对照组(P<0.01);暴露组精液量、精子活动度、精子总数和精子平均路径速度(VAP)显著低于外对照组(P<0.05),精液量异常率、精子活动度异常率及精子总畸形和头部畸形发生率均显著高于外对照组(P<0.05),精液pH值显著低于内对照组(P<0.05);内对照组精子活动度显著低于外对照组(P<0.05),精液量及精子活动度异常率显著高于外对照组(P<0.05)。结论职业性接触乙草胺对男工精液质量有一定影响。     

扑虱灵农药职业暴露对男工精液质量影响

目的探讨扑虱灵农药生产职业暴露对男工精液质量的影响.方法分别选择某农药厂扑虱灵生产男工18名为暴露组,厂行政办公区男性工作人员46名为内对照组,另选择某疾病预防控制中心男性工作人员22名为外对照组.对各组环境空气中扑虱灵及其相关化合物如四氯化碳及氯气进行连续3d的监测,同时选择暴露区及外对照区各3人进行连续3d的个体采样和皮肤污染量测定,评价暴露水平;按统一的实施标准收集一次性精液,用WHO推荐的方法对精液质量和精子的形态学进行评价,同时应用计算机辅助精子分析（CASA）系统对精子的运动能力进行分析.结果暴露组空气中扑虱灵、四氯化碳浓度明显高于内、外对照组（P＜0.01）,同时个体采样及皮肤污染量结果均显示暴露组扑虱灵浓度显著高于外对照组（P＜0.01）;暴露组精子活动度、精子直线性（LIN）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;暴露组精液量、精子活动度异常率以及精子尾部畸形、混合畸形发生率显著高于外对照组（P＜0.05）,混合畸形发生率还显著高于内对照组（P＜0.05）.结论扑虱灵农药生产职业暴露对男工精液质量有一定的影响.     

吡虫灵农药职业暴露对男工精液质量的影响

[目的]探讨吡虫灵农药生产职业暴露对男工精液质量的影响。[方法]分别选择某农药厂吡虫灵生产男工22名为暴露组、厂行政办公区男性工作人员46名为内对照组，另选择某疾控中心男性工作人员22名为外对照组。对各组所处环境空气中吡虫灵及其相关化学物如四氯化碳及氯气进行连续3d的监测，同时选择暴露区及外对照区各3人进行连续3d的个体采样和皮肤污染量测定，评价暴露水平；按统一的实施标准收集一次性精液，用UCDavis推荐的方法对精液质量进行评价，用WHO推荐的标准对精子的形态学进行评价，同时应用计算机辅助精子分析系统（CASA）对精子的运动能力进行分析。[结果]暴露组空气中吡虫灵、四氯化碳浓度明显高于内、外对照组（P〈0．01），而氯气差异无显著性（P〉0．05），同时个体采样及皮肤污染量结果均显示暴露组吡虫灵浓度显著高于外对照组（P〈0．01）；暴露组精子直线性（LIN）、精子前向性（STR）均显著低于外对照组（P〈0．05），精液量异常率显著高于外对照组（P〈0．01）；内对照组精子活动度显著低于外对照组（P〈0．05），精液量及精子活动度异常率显著高于外对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]吡虫灵农药生产职业暴露对男工精液质量有一定影响。     

单细胞凝胶电泳对男性精液质量的评价

目的：采用单细胞凝胶电泳的方法评价短波辐射对男性精液质量的影响，早期发现精子的亚临床损伤，及时提出干预措施，保证人口素质真正意义上的提高。方法：采用常规精液分析和单细胞凝胶电泳相结合的方法分别检测短波接触者的精液质量，以判断短波辐射对男性生殖功能的影响，结果：短波辐射暴露组精液分析无变化，但单细胞凝胶电泳－DNA链断裂分析显示I组彗星率明显高于对照组。结论：提示长期接受短波辐射人员的精液分析包括精子数量，精子活力和精子活率等影响不大，但可见精子DNA链断裂增多，这种微结构改变即亚临床损伤可通过单细胞凝胶电泳检测出来。     

50Hz工频磁场暴露对成年男性精子活力参数和精液酸碱度的影响

目的 研究50 Hz极低频磁场暴露对成年男性精子活力、活动力参数和精液酸碱度的影响.方法 将成年健康男性新鲜精液标本分别暴露于0.4 mT、50 Hz正弦磁场中15、30、60 min,采用WUY-9000型伟力彩色精子质量检测系统动态记录精子活力、活动力参数并测定精液酸碱度.结果 新鲜精液标本暴露于50 Hz磁场中15 min,可使精子活力(a+b级精子)和精子活动率(a+b+c级精子)均呈抑制状态,与平行对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);暴露30 min,两组间精子活力和精子活动率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);暴露60 min后,精子活力和活动率又呈抑制状态,与平行对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).然而,相同参数的磁场暴露15、30、60 min,对精液酸碱度无明显影响.结论 暴露于0.4 mT、50 Hz的正弦磁场中不会影响男性精液的酸碱度,但可明显抑制精子的活力和活动率.     

低铅暴露对交警精液质量的影响

对２３名交警和２０名其他职业男性精液质量进行了分析。结果显示：交警组精子活率，精子密度低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），精子活力也呈下降趋势，精子畸形率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血铅和精液铅不仅显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．００１），而且随着血铅水平，精液铅含量上升，畸形率也增高。提示，交警长期暴露于汽车尾气污染的环境之中，精液质量明显下降。     

汞对男工生殖功能影响的研究

本文对某荧光灯厂３７名男工的生殖功能调查研究的结果表明：工人在作业环境汞浓度超标情况下作业，导致休内汞负荷水平的增高。血汞和精汞含量（分别为０．０５８１ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０２７０ｍｇ／Ｌ）均比对照组（分别为０．０１０９ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．１３９ｍｇ／Ｌ增高，Ｐ＜０．０１。工人的生殖功能也受到一定的影响，表现为精液量减少，液化时间延长，精子的密度减小、一次射精子数减少、活精率下降，精子畸形率增高。同时，还观察     

Semen quality and fertility of men employed in a South African lead acid battery plant

Previous studies of the associations of measures of occupational lead exposure with measures of semen quality and infertility among male workers have produced conflicting results. The current study was undertaken to examine these associations among a population of workers with a broad range of measures of current and historical lead exposure. Ninety-seven lead-exposed workers from a South African lead acid battery facility provided semen samples that were analyzed for sperm density, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and presence of antisperm antibodies. Questionnaire data were collected for reported histories of sub- or infertility. Current blood leads ranged from 28 to 93 μg/dl. Semen lead ranged from 1 to 87 μg/dl. Reasonably consistent and significant associations were found between an increased percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology and higher measures of current blood lead, cumulative blood lead, and duration of exposure. An increased percent of immotile sperm was associated only with zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) among the lead exposure measures. There were no associations of sperm density or sperm count with any of the lead exposure measures. A weak association of increased percent of sperm with antisperm antibodies with increased semen lead was present. There were no consistent associations of measures of lead exposure with measures of fertility or procreativity. This study, while supporting the association of lead exposure with increased risk of abnormal sperm morphology seen in some previous studies, does not lend support to previously reported associations of sperm density or count or infertility with measures of lead exposure. However, the relatively high range of current blood leads, high prevalence of abnormalities in semen quality, and the lack of a control population, suggest that these negative findings should be interpreted with caution. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:369–376, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The healthy men study: an evaluation of exposure to disinfection by-products in tap water and sperm quality

BACKGROUND: Chlorination of drinking water generates disinfection by-products (DBPs), which have been shown to disrupt spermatogenesis in rodents at high doses, suggesting that DBPs could pose a reproductive risk to men. In this study we assessed DBP exposure and testicular toxicity, as evidenced by altered semen quality. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study to evaluate semen quality in men with well-characterized exposures to DBPs. Participants were 228 presumed fertile men with different DBP profiles. They completed a telephone interview about demographics, health history, water consumption, and other exposures and provided a semen sample. Semen outcomes included sperm concentration and morphology, as well as DNA integrity and chromatin maturity. Exposures to DBPs were evaluated by incorporating data on water consumption and bathing and showering with concentrations measured in tap water. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the relationship between exposure to DBPs and adverse sperm outcomes. RESULTS: The mean (median) sperm concentration and sperm count were 114.2 (90.5) million/mL and 362 (265) million, respectively. The mean (median) of the four trihalomethane species (THM4) exposure was 45.7 (65.3) microg/L, and the mean (median) of the nine haloacetic acid species (HAA9) exposure was 30.7 (44.2) microg/L. These sperm parameters were not associated with exposure to these classes of DBPs. For other sperm outcomes, we found no consistent pattern of increased abnormal semen quality with elevated exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) or haloacetic acids (HAAs). The use of alternate methods for assessing exposure to DBPs and site-specific analyses did not change these results. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support an association between exposure to levels of DBPs near or below regulatory limits and adverse sperm outcomes in humans.     

电脑辐射对精液活性氧含量及精子质量影响

目的探讨电脑辐射对男性精液活性氧含量及精子质量的影响。方法 56例成年男性按照电脑使用情况分成2组:未使用电脑者为对照组,每天使用电脑>2 h者为暴露组;按照WHO标准方法对研究对象的精液常规参数、精液活性氧含量、精子顶体酶活性及精子去透明带穿卵率进行检测,并对2组的各项参数进行比较分析。结果 2组比较,电脑暴露组的精液活性氧[分别为(24.2±17.1)(、12.2±8.1)]含量升高,精子顶体酶活性[分别为(78.9±19.8)(、110.3±23.3)]和精子去透明带穿卵率[分别为(24.2±17.1)(、47.4±19.6)]降低,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);电脑暴露组与对照组的精液常规参数比较,pH、精液量、精子密度、精子活率、活力、活动率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但精子形态正常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电脑辐射可使精液活性氧含量增高,改变精子形态和受精功能。     

生育和不育男性精液维生素B_(12)、叶酸、活性氧和精子质量的比较

为了探讨精液维生素 B1 2 (VB1 2 )、叶酸和活性氧 (ROS)对精子质量和生殖功能的影响。收集成年男性不育者 44名 (不育组 )和经证实配偶已怀孕的健康成年男性 176名 (生育组 )的精液 ,根据 WHO推荐方法检测精子质量指标 ,并测定精液 VB1 2 、叶酸和 ROS水平。结果显示二组 VB1 2 和叶酸没有显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,不育组 ROS和形态异常精子都显著高于生育组 (P<0 .0 1) ,ROS与精子形态异常呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1) ,VB1 2 和叶酸与 ROS均呈负相关 (P<0 .0 1)。结论认为精液 ROS升高 ,可能促使精子形态异常 ,从而影响男性生殖功能。     

生育和不育男性精液维生素B12、叶酸、活性氧和精子质量的比较

为了探讨精液维生素B     

Change in semen quality and sperm chromatin structure following occupational styrene exposure

Objectives: Organic solvents have been suspected to exert detrimental effects on human spermiogenesis. Styrene, which is both mutagenic and neurotoxic, was selected as a suitable organic solvent for further assessment of a possible effect on semen quality and sperm DNA damage. Subjects and methods: Semen samples were collected from 23 reinforced plastics workers at the time of employment and after 6 months of styrene exposure and from 21 nonexposed farmers. Intra-individual changes in conventional semen parameters and sperm-DNA denaturation patterns were related to the internal dose of styrene exposure as measured by postshift urinary mandelic acid. Results: A statistically significant decline in sperm density was seen during styrene exposure from 63.5 to 46.0 million sperm/ml, whereas no decline was seen in the nonexposed subjects. The total sperm count was almost halved from an initial value of 175 million sperm/ejaculate. However, no relationship was apparent when the sperm parameters were related to internal levels of exposure. However, an exposure-response relationship was shown for DNA-denaturation patterns, but the numbers were small. Conclusion: A declining sperm count following styrene exposure is suggested. However, the findings of the internal and external comparisons are inconsistent, and this may be due to the high intraindividual variability of semen parameters and the limited study size but may also be attributable to a weak internal exposure gradient. Spermatogenesis may be vulnerable to styrene exposure. However, due to the small numbers these findings are only preliminary. Received: 1 June 1998 / Accepted: 29 October 1998     

Occupational pesticide exposure and semen quality among Chinese workers

This study investigated the association between occupational pesticide exposure and semen quality among Chinese workers. Male workers, 32 who were exposed to organophosphate pesticides and 43 who were not exposed were recruited from two nearby factories and interviewed. Following a work shift, semen and urine samples were collected for pesticide metabolite analysis. Semen samples were analyzed for sperm concentration, percentage of motility, and percentage of normal structure. Within the exposed group, the mean end-of-shift urinary p-nitrophenol levels were 0.22 and 0.15 mg/L for the high- and low-exposure subgroups, respectively. Linear regression analysis of individual semen parameters revealed a significant reduction of sperm concentration (35.9 x 10(6) vs 62.8 x 10(6), p < 0.01) and percentage of motility (47% vs 57%, p = 0.03) but not percentage of sperm with normal structure (57% vs 61%, p = 0.13). Multivariate modeling showed a significant overall shift in the mean semen parameter. Occupational exposure to ethylparathion and methamidophos seems to have a moderately adverse effect on semen quality.