异丙酚中对中低温体外循环脑氧合的影响

目的 观察异丙酚对中低温体外循环心肺转流术（CPB）期间脑氧合的影响。8方法 心内直视手术患者17例随机分为芬太尼组和异丙酚组,通过监测动脉、颈内静脉血和混合静脉血氧含量以及乳酸浓度,计算全身和脑动静脉氧含量差、氧摄取率和动静脉乳酸浓度差,分析异丙酚对CPB期间脑氧合的影响。结果 两组复温过程中动静脉氧含量差和氧摄取率均较低温时升高;异丙酚组在CPB过程中动脉－颈内静脉血氧含量差和脑的氧摄取率要高于芬太尼组（P＜0．05）,动脉－混合静脉血氧含量差和全身的氧摄取率两组差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。CPB全过程中两组血乳酸浓度均进行性升高。结论 CPB期间应用异丙酚麻醉并不能明显改善脑氧合。CPB期间脑保护机理有其复杂性一面,不能仅停留于氧代谢平衡方面。     

心肺转流时利多卡因对脑氧代谢的影响

目的　观察心肺转流 (CPB)时利多卡因对脑氧代谢的影响,探讨脑保护措施。方法　二尖瓣膜置换手术20例,随机均分为对照组 (Ⅰ组)和利多卡因组(Ⅱ组)。Ⅱ组在麻醉后用微量泵输入利多卡因150μg·kg 1·min 1。α稳态处理血气,通过桡动脉和颈内静脉球部血液的动态血气分析及乳酸浓度测定,计算全身动脉及颈内静脉的血氧含量、动 颈内静脉血氧含量差、脑氧摄取率和动 颈内静脉血乳酸浓度差。分析CPB时利多卡因对脑氧代谢的影响。结果　CPB开始后,两组的动脉血氧含量、动 颈内静脉血氧含量差和脑氧摄取率下降,随着复温又升高。CPB降温至 26℃时,Ⅱ组的动 颈内静脉血氧含量差、脑氧摄取率明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0 .01)。两组的乳酸浓度均升高,降温后动 颈内静脉血的乳酸浓度差无明显变化。停CPB时,两组的动 颈内静脉血氧含量差仍明显低于CPB前水平(P<0 .01)。结论　CPB中利多卡因能降低脑氧耗,有利于改善大脑氧供需平衡和保护CPB中缺血脑细胞的功能。     

异丙酚对低温体外循环期间脑氧合的影响

目的：观察异丙酚对低温ＣＰＢ期间脑氧合的影响。方法：心内直视手术病人２０例,随机分为对照组为异丙酚组,通过测定颈内静脉血氧饱和度（ＳｊＯ２）、动－颈内静脉血氧含量差、脑氧摄取率（ＣＥＯ２）和动－颈内静脉血乳酸含量差,分析ＣＰＢ期间脑氧合状况。结果：异丙酚组ＳｊＯ２在ＣＰＢ降温期较前升高、Ｄａ－ｖＯ２减少,复温时与降温期比较无显著变化。与对照组相比,降温和低温期差异显著。两组病人Ｄａ－ｖＬ在ＣＰＢ期     

异丙酚对体外循环下心内直视手术患儿脑损伤的影响

目的 评价异丙酚对CPB下心内直视手术患儿脑损伤的影响.方法 择期CPB下行心内直视手术患儿30例,年龄4～10岁,随机分为2组(n=15):对照组(C组)和异丙酚组(P组).麻醉诱导:P组静脉注射舒芬太尼1μg/kg、异丙酚2.5 mg/kg(C组给予咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg)和哌库溴铵0.1 mg/kg.麻醉维持:吸入1%～2%异氟醚,P组静脉输注1%异丙酚6 mg·kg-1·h-1(C组给予0.05%咪达唑仑0.2 mg·kg-1·h-1)至术毕,CPB开始后静脉注射舒芬太尼1μg/kg和哌库溴铵0.1 mg/kg.于CPB前、CPB 30 min、停CPB时、停CPB后30 min、术毕、停CPB后24 h时采集颈内静脉球部血样,测定血浆8-异前列腺素-2α(8-iso-PGF2α)及S-100β浓度;于CPB前、降温至30 ℃、复温至36 ℃、停CPB时采集桡动脉和颈内静脉球部血样,进行血气分析,测定颈内静脉球血氧饱和度,计算动脉-静脉血氧含量差和脑氧摄取率.结果 与C组比较,P组颈内静脉球部血浆8-iso-PGF2α和S-100β浓度降低,颈内静脉血氧饱和度升高,动脉-静脉血氧含量差和脑氧摄取率降低(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚可减轻CPB下心内直视手术患儿脑损伤,其机制与降低脑氧代谢率和脂质过氧化反应有关.     

右美托咪啶对体外循环心内直视手术患者脑氧代谢和糖代谢的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对体外循环(CPB)心内直视手术患者脑氧代谢和糖代谢的影响.方法 择期行CPB二尖瓣置换术患者58例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄32～64岁,体重52～90 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=29):对照组(C组)和右美托咪啶组(D组).气管插管后D组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5μg·kg-1·h-1至术毕,C组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于CPB开始前鼻咽温度为36℃时、CPB期间鼻咽温度降至30℃时、心脏复跳时以及心脏复跳30 min时采集桡动脉和颈内静脉球部血样,进行血气分析,测定血糖和乳酸浓度,计算动脉血氧含量、脑动脉-静脉血氧含量差、脑氧摄取率、脑动脉-静脉血糖含量差和脑动脉-静脉乳酸含量差.结果 与C组比较,D组CPB期间鼻咽温度降至30℃时脑动脉-静脉血氧含量差和脑氧摄取率降低(P＜0.05),动脉血氧含量和糖代谢指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术中静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1可降低CPB心内直视手术患者脑氧代谢率,有助于维持脑氧供需平衡,而对脑糖代谢无明显影响.     

体外循环冠脉搭桥和双瓣置换手术期间脑氧供需平衡比较

观察体外循环冠脉搭桥手术期间脑氧供需平衡变化,并与双瓣置的手术病人进行比较。方法：ＣＡＢＧ和ＤＶＲ和病人各３０例,取右颈内静脉球部和桡动脉血进行血气分析及乳酸测定,并计算动脉－颈内静脉血氧含量差脑乳酸产量、脑氧摄取率和乳酸－氧指数。     

异丙酚-芬太尼麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术患者脑葡萄糖与氧代谢的变化

目的研究异丙酚-芬太尼麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术患者脑葡萄糖及氧代谢的变化。方法 15例拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20-59岁,体重47-65 kg,静脉注射芬太尼2 μg·kg-1、维库溴铵0．1 mg·kg-1、异丙酚2 mg·kg-1行麻醉诱导;靶控输注(效应室靶浓度为3-4μg· ml-1)异丙酚及间断追加维库溴铵、芬太尼维持麻醉。气腹后立即取头低足高位,分别于麻醉前(T1)、气腹前(T2)、气腹10 min(T3)、20 min(T4)及60 min(T5)时采集桡动脉及颈内静脉球部血,行血气分析及血糖、乳酸测定,同时测定上述各时间点颈内静脉球部压力(JBP)。结果与T2相比,T3-5时JBP、颈内静脉球部血氧饱和度升高,脑动、静脉血氧浓度差及脑氧摄取率降低;与T3比较,T5时动脉血糖浓度、颈内静脉血糖浓度升高,脑动、静脉血糖浓度差、葡萄糖摄取率及脑动、静脉乳酸浓度差差异无统计学意义。结论异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉下妇科头低足高位腹腔镜手术时JBP升高,血糖水平升高,氧供大于氧耗,但脑氧及葡萄糖代谢不受影响。     

异氟烷和异丙酚对体外循环心内直视手术患者围术期脑氧代谢和脑损伤影响的研究

目的：观察异氟烷和异丙酚麻醉对体外循环（CPB）心内直视手术患者围术期脑氧供需平衡及脑损伤标记物S100β和神经元性烯醇化酶（NSE）蛋白浓度的影响。方法：将30例择期行体外循环瓣膜置换手术病人随机分为异氟烷麻醉组和异丙酚麻醉组。分别于CBP开始前（T1）、鼻咽温降至稳定期（L）．复温至36℃（T3）,CBP结束后30m;n（T4）．CPB结束后6h（T5）和CPB结束后24h（T6）抽取桡动脉血和颈静脉球部血样检测血气并测定颈内静脉血S-100B和NSE蛋白的浓度。结果：CPB前两组患者颈内静脉球氧饱和度（Sjv02）,动脉一颈内静脉血氧含量差（Da—jv02）及氧摄取率（CERO2）和脑损害标记物s100B及NSE蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;随着降温逐渐加深两组Sjv02明显升高．Da—jvO2和CERO2明显降低．复温开始后两组SjvO2较CPB前明显降低,而Da—jvO2．CERO2则明显升高（P〈0．05）;CPB开始后两组血浆s100β和NSE蛋白浓度逐渐升高。复温期达到峰值．s100β蛋白浓度在停机24h后恢复至基础水平,NsE蛋白浓度仍略高于CPB前水平;两组各指标比较．异丙酚组的变化幅度要明显低于异氟烷组。结论：两种麻醉方式均可满足CPB下瓣膜置换手术的需要,与异氟烷组比较．异丙酚麻醉更有利于CBP下患者脑氧代谢的改善和脑损伤的保护。     

低温体外循环中心脏瓣膜置换术患者脑代谢与麻醉深度的变化

目的 探讨低温体外循环(CPB)中心脏瓣膜置换术患者脑代谢与麻醉深度的变化。方法 择期行瓣膜置换术患者28例,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,使用全凭静脉麻醉,分别于CPB前(T_1)、降温到33℃(T_2)、稳定低温期(T_3)、复温到33℃(T_4)、停CPB后30min(T_5)时测定脑电双频指数(BIS)、听觉诱发电位指数(AAI)以及桡动脉血、颈内静脉血的血气、乳酸、血糖浓度,并计算脑的氧摄取率(O_2ER)、糖摄取率(GER)、颈内静脉-动脉乳酸含量差(DL_(j-a))、颈内静脉-动脉血氧含量差(Ca-jO_2)。结果 与T_1比较,动脉血pH值、动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、GER、DL_(j-a)在T_(2-5),时均无明显变化(P>0.05),颈内静脉血氧含量(SjO_2)在T_2、T_3时升高(P<0.01),O_2ER在T_2、T_3时下降(P<0.01).C_(a-j)O_2真在T_(2-5)时均下降(P<0.01),AAI在T_3时降低、T_4时升高(P<0.01),BIS值在T_3、T_4时均降低(P<0.01)。结论 低温CPB可降低脑代谢,加深麻醉深度,脑代谢与麻醉深度的变化并不完全一致。AAI与BIS可在一定程度上部分反映大脑的代谢水平。     

靶控输注丙泊酚对犬全身和脑代谢的影响

目的观察丙泊酚靶控输注下对全身和脑代谢的影响。方法实验犬12只，基础麻醉后靶控输注丙泊酚，选取不同时间点测量全身二氧化碳产量(VCO2)、氧耗(VO2)、全身代谢率(EE)、动脉和脑回流静脉血气、血糖、乳酸，计算动-静脉氧含量差(Da-jvO2)、乳酸含量差(Da-jvL)、脑氧摄取率(CEO2)、脑糖摄取率(Erglu)，分析全身及脑代谢。结果靶控丙泊酚下全身及脑代谢均下降，且随丙泊酚血浓度升高，代谢进一步降低，并没有发现代谢失衡现象．而全身代谢与脑代谢呈一致性下降。结论靶控输注丙泊酚能同时降低全身及脑代谢，无氧供需失衡发生，脑代谢和全身代谢下降程度与丙泊酚浓度升高程度相一致。     

异丙酚对体外循环中脑氧代谢的影响

目的：探讨异丙酚对体外循环（ＣＰＢ）各阶段脑氧及乳酸代谢的影响。方法：选择心内直视手术病人３１例，随机分为异现酚组（Ａ组）１６例，对照组（Ｂ组）１５例。分别于ＣＰＢ前、降温及３３℃和３０℃，低温期，复温至３０℃和３３℃以及ＣＰＢ后１５分钟七个时点动脉，颈内静脉血气及乳酸值（ＬＡ）并计算脑摄氧率（Ｏ２Ｅｘｔ）及动脉－颈内静脉乳酸差值。     

异丙酚在心脏瓣膜置换术中对氧供、氧耗、氧摄取率及氧合状态的影响

目的：观察异丙酚在心脏瓣膜置换术中对氧供（ＤＯ２）,氧耗（ＶＯ２）,氧摄取率（ＥＲＯ２）及氧合状态的影响。方法：２０例心脏瓣膜置换术病人随机分为两组。组麻醉诱导与维持用异丙酚,对照组用咪唑安定。观察体外循环（ＣＰＢ）期间ＤＯ２,ＶＯ２,ＥＲＯ２,混合静脉血氧饱和度（ＳＶＯ２）及动脉血乳酸（ＡＢＬ０的变化。结果：（１）组内各时点ＤＯ２无明显变化,复温后观察组ＥＲＯ２增加非常显著;降温开始及复温后观察     

Comparative effects of propofol versus fentanyl on cerebral oxygenation state during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative cognitive dysfunction

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative effects of propofol and fentanyl on cerebral oxygenation during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. METHODS: One hundred eighty patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly divided into two groups: propofol group (n = 90) and fentanyl group (n = 90). After induction of anesthesia, a fiberoptic oximetry oxygen saturation catheter was inserted into the right jugular bulb to monitor jugular venous oxygen hemoglobin saturation continuously. Hemodynamic measurements and arterial and jugular venous blood gases were measured at seven time points. All patients underwent a battery of neurologic and neuropsychological tests on the day before the operation and at 6 months after the operation. RESULTS: Cerebral desaturation (defined as a jugular venous oxygen hemoglobin saturation value less than 50%) during cardiopulmonary bypass was more frequent in the fentanyl group than in the propofol group. Cerebral desaturation time (duration when jugular venous oxygen hemoglobin saturation was less than 50%) and the ratio of cerebral desaturation time to total cardiopulmonary bypass time in the fentanyl group differed significantly from those in the propofol group (fentanyl group: 27 +/- 14 minutes, 20% +/- 9%; propofol group: 18 +/- 11 minutes, 14% +/- 7%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 6 months after operation between the two groups (propofol group: 5 of 77, 6%; fentanyl group: 5 of 75, 7%). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol preserved cerebral oxygenation state estimated by jugular venous oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass compared with the fentanyl group. However, propofol did not affect postoperative cognitive dysfunction.     

依托咪酯和异丙酚复合麻醉对腹部手术患者脑氧代谢影响的比较

目的 比较依托咪酯和异丙酚复合麻醉对腹部手术患者脑氧代谢的影响.方法 择期全麻下拟行腹部手术患者36例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为异丙酚复合麻醉组(P组)和依托咪酯复合麻醉组(E组),每组18例.两组均静脉注射咪达唑仑0.08 mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg,P组静脉注射异丙酚1.5 mg/kg、E组静脉注射依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg行麻醉诱导,P组静脉输注异丙酚4～6mg·kg-1·h-1、E组静脉输注依托咪酯0.4～0.7 mg·kg-1·h-1,术中均间断注射维库溴铵和芬太尼维持麻醉.分别于麻醉前(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、手术开始30 min(T3)及术毕即刻(T4)时监测HR、MAP和SpO2,抽取桡动脉血和颈内静脉球部血样行血气分析,测定乳酸浓度,计算动脉血氧含量(CaO2)、颈内静脉氧含量(cjvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2).结果 两组HR、MAP和SpO2均在正常范围内.与T1时相比,两组SaO2、SjvO2、PaO2、PjvO2升高,T2-4时Da-jvO2和CERO2降低(P<0.01);两组问比较各时点SaO2、SjrO2、PaO2、PjvO2、CaO2、CjvO2、Da-jvO2、CERO2及乳酸水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 依托眯酯和异丙酚复合麻醉均可降低腹部手术患者的脑氧代谢率,且无明显差别.     

A pilot study of evaluation of cerebral function by S100beta protein and near-infrared spectroscopy during cold and warm cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children undergoing open-heart surgery

Cerebral injury in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains a major source of morbidity. The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass temperature on cerebral function in terms of serum S100beta protein level and cerebral oxygenation monitored by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRO-300) in children is not known. In this study, 18 children undergoing open-heart surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children in London were equally assigned by minimisation to warm (35 +/- 1 degrees C) or cold (25 +/- 1 degrees C) CPB. Changes in S100beta protein and cerebral oxygenation were studied in both groups. S100beta protein serum level increased significantly after CPB in both groups. There was no significant difference in serum S100beta protein concentrations between the two groups. However, cerebral oxygenation in terms of tissue oxygen index (TOI) was significantly impaired during rewarming from cold CPB. Five patients were desaturated (TOI < 50%) during rewarming in the cold bypass group compared to two in the warm patients. This study supports the use of warm CPB in children undergoing open-heart surgery, although further studies recruiting more patients are warranted.     

Insulin (GIK) improves central mixed and hepatic venous oxygenation in clinical cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Insulin is a vasodilating agent and it was hypothesized that insulin (GIK) could improve systemic and regional oxygenation in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Two questions were addressed: 1) Does insulin improve central mixed and hepatic venous oxygenation during CPB? and 2) Does this treatment reduce systemic levels of the proinflammatory mediators C3a and IL-6? DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study at a university hospital. Thirty patients were included and 16 of these received an infusion of insulin, glucose and potassium (GIK) using an euglycemic clamp technique. The insulin infusion was started during hypothermia, 15 min before rewarming. Blood gases and hemodynamic parameters were measured during hypothermia (before the insulin infusion was started), during rewarming at 35 degrees C, and 30 min after CPB was discontinued. Inflammatory markers were measured: preoperatively, during hypothermia and 2 h after CPB. RESULTS: GIK was associated with reduced systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.02 vs the control group), higher bypass pump flow (p = 0.001). higher central mixed oxygen saturation (p = 0.036) and oxygen tension (p = 0.001) and higher hepatic venous oxygen saturation (p = 0.04) and oxygen tension (p = 0.006). C3a and IL-6 increased during surgery in both groups but there were no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: 1) GIK infusion improved central mixed and hepatic venous oxygenation in patients undergoing heart surgery. 2) During the conditions of this study, this had no effect on the proinflammatory mediators C3a and IL-6.