多普勒组织成像评价肥厚型心肌病局部心功能

肥厚型心肌病是以室壁异常肥厚为特征的心肌疾患 ,临床症状复杂多变。多普勒组织成像 (DTI)可定量测量局部心肌运动速度 ,为心功能研究提供了新的空间。本研究应用DTI测量肥厚型心肌病厚度正常的后壁舒缩速度 ,以评价局部心功能。1.资料与方法 :健康志愿者 5 0例 ,男 2 5 ,女 2 5 ,年龄(2 8 3± 6 9)岁。肥厚型心肌病患者 4 5例 ,男 2 4 ,女 2 1,年龄(31 3± 7 6 )岁 ,无高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病、心律失常、肺部疾患、肾病、妊娠。受试者左侧卧位 ,取胸骨旁左室短轴观及心尖左室长轴观 ,转换多普勒组织成像脉冲速度模式 ,将取样容积置…     

肥厚型心肌病左心室局部及整体舒张功能的研究

目的探讨肥厚型心肌病（HCM）患者左心室局部及整体舒张功能的变化。方法以40例肥厚型心肌病患者和40名健康人为研究对象,脉冲多普勒（PWD）测量二尖瓣口血流E峰、A峰,组织多普勒（TDI）测量二尖瓣环的前间隔、后间隔、前壁、下壁、后壁及侧壁6个位点的舒张早期峰值速度（Em）、舒张晚期峰值速度（Am）,计算E／A、Em／Am、E／Em,对各组参数之间的差异、Em与室壁厚度的相关性分别进行分析。结果HCM组二尖瓣瓣环各位点Em分别为前壁（0．053±0．019）m／s、后壁（0．055±0．016）m／s、前间隔（0．038±0．017）m／s、后间隔（0．049±0．015）m／s、侧壁（0．052±0．018）m／s、下壁（0．056±0．015）m／s;对照组二尖瓣环各位点Em分别为前壁（0．144-±0．031）m／s、后壁（0．139±0．033）m／s、前间隔（0．136±0．029）m／s、后间隔（0．143±0．028）m／s、侧壁（0．138±0．025）m／s、下壁（0．139±0．030）m／s,HCM组二尖瓣环各位点Em较对照组明显降低（P〈0．05）,但各位点间仅室壁增厚明显的前、后间隔瓣环位点与其他位点Em差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HCM组E／Em为15．876±6．579,对照组E／Em为5．949-±1．283,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Em与心室壁厚度成线性负相关（r=-0．535,P〈0．05）,随着心室壁厚度增加而降低。结论HCM患者左心室局部及整体舒张功能明显降低,左室壁局部舒张功能降低与室壁厚度相关。     

肥厚型心肌病的诊断与鉴别诊断

肥厚型心肌病是指心肌肥厚、显微镜下心肌纤维排列紊乱、心腔缩小、伴或不伴有流出道狭窄的一组心肌疾病。该病除室间隔上部不发生肥厚外,左室其他部位如室间隔下部、左室中部、心室尖、心室后壁以及右室均可发生肥厚。依肥厚情况的不同分为室间隔肥厚型、心尖肥厚型及普通型,各型间临床表现不尽相同。 一、室间隔肥厚型(梗阻型) 临床表现取决于流出道狭窄的程度。患者常有劳累性呼吸困难,2/3患者发生心绞痛、1/3患者发生晕厥,部分病人突然室颤而猝死,病程较长者晚期可发生心力衰竭。但有相当一部分病人病变发展缓慢,虽有一些症状,但病情长期稳定,不影响劳     

肥厚型心肌病左室局部与整体舒张功能研究新方法定量组织多普勒速度成像技术

目的　探讨定量组织多普勒速度成像技术(QTVI)评价肥厚型心肌病 (HCM )患者左室局部与整体心肌舒张功能的价值。方法　应用QTVI获取 36例正常人和 4 2例HCM患者左室长轴方向不同室壁心肌多普勒速度曲线。离线分析正常人与HCM患者不同室壁舒张期心肌多普勒运动速度。测量的快速充盈期和心房收缩期速度 (Ve和Va)、Ve/Va比值反映左室局部舒张功能 ,脉冲多普勒测量二尖瓣舒张期血流频谱E/A值、左室等容舒张期 (IRT)反映左室整体功能 ,常规超声心动图测量室壁厚度。结果　①HCM患者肥厚室间隔节段Ve、Va、Ve/Va的测值及二尖瓣血流频谱E/A值均比正常人测值明显降低 ,IRT比正常人明显延长(P <0 0 5 ) ;②HCM患者肥厚室间隔节段Ve、Va、Ve/Va的测值比其他左室节段明显降低 ;③E/A比值异常的HCM患者Ve/Va与E/A有相关关系 (r =0 70 4 )。④非梗阻型HCM患者肥厚室间隔厚度IVSt与Ve/Va有负相关关系 (r =- 0 6 14 )。结论　QTVI定量评价HCM患者左室局部心肌舒张功能以及局部与整体心肌舒张功能关系 ,为进一步了解HCM心肌舒张功能的变化提供较为敏感、精确的方法。     

肥厚型心肌病左室功能研究进展

肥厚型心肌病、(Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy,HCM)是一种原因不明,以心室肌非对称性肥厚伴左室高动力性收缩和左室舒张功能减退为特征的心肌疾病。近年来对左室舒张功能的广泛研究以及无创性心血管检测技术的广泛应用,使人们对HCM左室功能的认识日趋深入。 1收缩功能的研究 1.1收缩功能的异常:HCM患者心肌存在高动力性收缩,一般认为其与心肌钙代谢异常有关,细胞内高钙使肥厚的心肌对儿茶酚胺反应性增强。最近Spirito等对HCM患者随访研究,发现有严重临床证状HCM患者10%出现左室收缩功能损伤,其与室壁变薄,腔室扩大有关,常导致难治性心衰,预后较差。Miki等也发现非梗阻型肥厚型心肌病(HNCM)患者左室前向射血异常与明显     

肥厚型心肌病患者的整体护理效果观察

目的:研究整体护理肥厚型心肌病患者的效果.方法:诊治时间2020年1～12月,选择62例肥厚型心肌病患者,将整体护理应用在观察组中,将常规护理应用在对照组中.比较两组患者的护理指标.结果:与对照组进行比较,观察组护理总有效率、护理满意度均高,统计学意义存在,差异明显,P<0.05.结论:利用整体护理肥厚型心肌病患者,效...     

多普勒组织成像检测肥厚型心肌病与高血压性心脏病的参数比较

目的初步探讨多普勒组织成像技术（TDI）对肥厚型心肌病（HCM）与高血压性心脏病鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法应用TDI技术对HCM患者、高血压性心脏病患者及正常人分别测量二尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度（Vs）、舒张早期峰值速度（Ve）及舒张晚期峰值速度（Va）。常规超声检查测得左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（FS）、二尖瓣口血流峰值速度E、A,计算E/A。结果HCM组、高血压性心脏病组各峰值速度均减低,与正常组比较差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）;HCM组部分心肌节段峰值速度与高血压性心脏病组比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论TDI技术对HCM与高血压性心脏病鉴别诊断提供可行、实用的信息。     

冠状动脉钙化在肥厚型心肌病诊断中的临床意义

评价冠状动脉钙化在肥厚型心肌病鉴别诊断中的临床价值。连续调查了 99例 30岁以上临床确诊肥厚型心肌病患者资料 ,分析其年龄、性别分布和冠状动脉钙化特点 ,并与同期同年龄段冠心病患者资料进行对比。结果发现 ,99例肥厚型心肌病患者的冠状动脉钙化积分与钙化阳性率随年龄增加而增加 ,存在性别差异 ,钙化总积分和钙化阳性率分别是 2 1.1± 4 .9和 32 .3% ,均显著低于冠心病组 (2 0 3.2± 34.9和 6 6 .7% ;P <0 .0 1) ;但仍在国人正常的钙化积分切点范围内。调整性别、年龄因素后 ,肥厚型心肌病患者的冠状动脉钙化积分和钙化阳性率仍显著低于冠心病组 (P <0 .0 1)。结果提示 ,电子束CT检测冠状动脉钙化有助于疑似或合并冠心病的肥厚型心肌病患者的鉴别诊断 ,具有重要的临床价值。     

少见类型肥厚型心肌病的超声心动图诊断与鉴别诊断

分析少见类型肥厚型心肌病患者的超声心动图特点 ,提高超声心动图对该病诊断的准确性。利用Acuson12 8XP10彩色电脑声像仪分析了 38例经临床及超声心动图诊断为肥厚型心肌病患者的有关资料 ,采取二维超声心动图多切面、多角度观测室间隔、游离壁厚度和活动幅度以及二尖瓣活动特点 ;M型超声心动图Ⅱa区、Ⅳ区测量房室腔内径及室壁厚度 ;多普勒超声心动图记录左室流出道血流速度、二尖瓣频谱形态及二尖瓣返流速度。 38例肥厚型心肌病患者中 ,以Ⅲ型最为多见 ,占 4 5%。少见类型中心尖肥厚型 2例 ,心尖最厚达 33mm ;后下壁及下间隔肥厚型各 1例 ;对称型肥厚者 2例 ;高血压合并肥厚型心肌病者 2例。肥厚型心肌病的肥厚心肌分布比较复杂 ,少见类型肥厚型心肌病的诊断更应注意多切面、多角度进行探查 ,避免漏诊及误诊。     

组织多普勒成像技术对肥厚型心肌病心室间和右心室内心肌收缩同步运动的评价

目的:应用组织多普勒成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)心室间和右心室内心肌收缩同步性。方法:连续观察肥厚型心肌病(HCM组)患者33例和健康志愿者(正常对照组)23例的动态组织多普勒图像,取样容积分别置于心尖四腔心切面房室瓣水平的左心室游离壁、室间隔、右心室游离壁,以及右心室游离壁基底段、中间段,测量从QRS波起始点到收缩期峰值的时间,并对两组结果进行分析。结果:HCM组与正常对照组比较,达峰时间在左心室游离壁、室间隔、右心室游离壁、右心室游离壁中间段及基底段均显著延迟,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);右心室游离壁与左心室游离壁达峰时间的差值、右心室游离壁与室间隔达峰时间的差值、室间隔与左心室游离壁达峰时间的差值、右心室游离壁基底段与中间段达峰时间的差值均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:HCM患者存在心室间和右心室内心肌收缩不同步性。     

Usefulness of a new proposed tissue Doppler imaging global function index in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: A global function index (GFI) derived from tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has been proposed to improve the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of this index in a large selected HCM population. METHODS: GFI =[E/Ea]/Sa, was calculated at mitral annulus lateral and septal borders in 164 HCM patients and in 40 healthy volunteers. Group comparisons and correlations between GFI and other variables were performed. RESULTS: Of the 164 patients, 69 (42%) had a peak gradient >30 mmHg in the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT). GFI (lateral or septal) was not normally distributed. There were differences among controls, obstructive HCM, and nonobstructive HCM (P < 0.0001), but significant overlap of GFI values were observed between groups. GFI was correlated to septal thickness (r = 0.44; P < 0.0001), left atrial diameter (r = 0.52; P < 0.0001), and LVOT gradient (r = 0.58; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In a selected HCM population, GFI was limited by its asymmetrical distribution and significant overlap of values between groups. Further studies are necessary to verify the reliability of GFI in the clinical practice and its position among other tissue Doppler indices.     

定量组织速度成像测量二尖瓣环运动速度评价肥厚型心肌病患者左室舒张功能

目的 :应用定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)测量二尖瓣环运动速度评价肥厚型心肌病 (HCM )患者左室舒张功能。方法 :QTVI测量 31例HCM患者 (HCM组 )和 2 0例正常人 (对照组 )二尖瓣环 6个节段 (后间隔和侧壁、前间隔和后壁、前壁和下壁 )舒张早期峰值速度 (Ve)、左房收缩期峰值速度 (Va) ,计算平均Ve、Va和Ve/Va比值。多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣口血流快速充盈速度E峰、左房收缩充盈速度A峰 ,计算E/A值和E与平均Ve的比值 (E/Ve)。结果 :HCM患者平均Ve和Ve/Va较对照组明显减低 [(Ve:(3.6 4± 1.4 1)cm/s∶(8.2 1±1.6 9)cm/s,P <0 .0 1;Ve/Va:(0 .92± 0 .5 1)∶(1.5 7± 0 .5 0 ) ,P <0 .0 1;E和E/A较对照组减低 [E :(74 .73±2 6 .5 5 )cm/s∶(84 .0 0± 14 .5 7)cm/s ,P =0 .14 2 ;E/A :(1.12± 0 .4 9)∶(1.6 8± 0 .4 1) ,P <0 .0 1;E/Ve较对照组明显增高 [(2 3.0 3± 7.73)∶(10 .5 3± 2 .6 7) ,P <0 .0 1]。E/A <1者 14例 (4 5 .2 % ) ,Ve/Va <1者 2 0例 (6 4 .5 % ) ;E/A >1的HCM患者其Ve和Ve/Va亦较对照组明显减低 ,E/Ve明显增高。结论 :HCM患者二尖瓣口多普勒血流信号E、A受前负荷和左房收缩性等因素的影响 ,而QTVI测量二尖瓣环运动速度能准确评价HCM患者左室舒张功能。     

Reliability of Doppler methods in the evaluation of the left ventricular systolic function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: There are many new methods for evaluating the left ventricle (LV) systolic function. The aim of this study was to compare the methods, which evaluate the systolic function such as Simpson's method, myocardial performance index (MPI), systolic S(m) wave, and dp/dt value of the mitral regurgitation. METHODS: Forty patients (27 male, 13 female, mean age 52.5 +/- 18.2 years) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 40 healthy subjects (27 male, 13 female, mean age 49.3 +/- 10.8 years) were included in the study. All patients and controls underwent echocardiographic examination by M-mode, two-dimensional, pulsed-wave (PW) and continuous wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). The MPI were measured by the summation of the isovolumetric contraction and relaxation times division of the LV ejection time, with both PW and TDI methods. RESULTS: The cardiac chamber dimensions, MPI, and modified MPI were greater, LV ejection fraction and TDI S(m) wave were lower in the patients compared to the controls (P < 0.001). The LV ejection fraction of patients calculated by Simpson's method compared with novel methods. Value of dp/dt (P = 0.010, r = 0.546), MPI (P = 0.002, r =-0.470) and modified MPI (P = 0.038, r =-0.330) were related to the LV ejection fraction. Tissue Doppler Systolic S(m) wave had a modest correlation with LV ejection fraction (P < 0.001, r = 0.604). CONCLUSION: Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging methods correlate with traditional echocardiographic methods and can be used reliably and safely for left ventricular performance regardless of the patient's echogenity.     

Tissue Doppler imaging to predict clinical course of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Aims: Diastolic tissue Doppler (TD) parameters allow prediction ofpatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) at risk of suddendeath, ventricular tachycardia, or cardiac arrest. The aim ofthis study was to assess the value of TD imaging in predictingthe clinical course of patients with HC. Methods and results: Eighty-six HC patients were prospectively included in the studyand followed-up for clinical endpoints (cardiovascular deathor hospitalization due to worsening of heart failure symptoms).Patients with clinical endpoints (n = 25) had larger left atriumdiameters, thicker left ventricle (LV) walls, more often LVoutflow obstruction and lower TD velocities of LV. LV outflowtract obstruction (r=0.54, R²=0.29, P<0.03) and LV lateralmitral annular systolic tissue Doppler velocity (LMSa) (r=0.50,R²=0.25, P<0.0001) were found to be independent predictorsfor clinical endpoints in forward stepwise regression. The bestvalue of LMSa with the highest sensitivity (75%) and specificity(88%) was 4 cm/s for predicting clinical endpoints. Patientswith LMSa velocities > 4 cm/s were significantly free ofclinical endpoints. Conclusion: In conclusion, LMSa seems to be a reliable parameter that canbe used in predicting the HC patients at risk for clinical deteriorationor death at long-term follow-up.     

Treadmill exercise test in children with cardiomyopathy and postmyocarditic myocardial hypertrophy

Summary The treadmill exercise test with the Bruce protocol was performed in three patients with postmyocarditic myocardial hypertrophy (PMH) and ten patients with cardiomyopathy, including three with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), five with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), and two with hypertrophic and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM). The endurance time was below the normal level in all but one case and was normal or near normal in the three cases with PMH. ST depression was observed in five cases, none of which were of HCM. A marked increase in amplitude of the negative phase of the P wave in V₁ was observed in one patient with DCM. The response of blood pressure during the exercise was abnormal in patients with DCM and HCM but was normal in PMH.     

Prognostic value of pulsed tissue Doppler imaging for the assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

There is still some debate regarding the prognostic significance of left ventricular longitudinal systolic dysfunction as assessed by tissue Doppler (TD) imaging in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), since previous studies have included patients with postischemic wall motion abnormalities. Thus, this study was designed to ascertain whether TD-derived longitudinal systolic dysfunction may influence the outcome of patients with nonischemic chronic HF. In 200 consecutive patients with chronic HF secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy and no history of ischemic heart disease, peak systolic mitral annular velocity (S(m) ) was measured by pulsed TD at the septal and lateral annular sites. The end points were cardiac death or hospitalization for worsening HF. Mean follow-up duration was 30 months. In a time independent analysis, averaged S(m) calculated as the average of septal and lateral S(m) , resulted to be a significant predictor of outcome in the study population (area under receiver-operator characteristic curve: cardiovascular death, 0.69, P < 0.0001; cardiovascular events, 0.64, P = 0.0005). In a time-dependent analysis, average S(m) was associated with both cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 0.832, P = 0.0019) and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.904, P = 0.039), independently of other clinical risk factors and echocardiographic parameters of systolic function. Septal S(m) but not lateral S(m) was independently associated with the outcome measures. In conclusion, the assessment of systolic mitral annular velocity by pulsed TD is a useful indicator for prognostic stratification of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic HF.     

Myocardial stiffness and the timing difference between tissue Doppler imaging Ea and peak mitral valve opening can distinguish physiological hypertrophy in athletes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

AIM: To differentiate between physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes using echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven patients with mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were compared against 17 international rowers with mild left ventricular hypertrophy, and 30 age matched controls. The time difference between peak Ea (Doppler tissue imaging) and peak mitral valve opening (using M-mode) was measured simultaneously. A novel index (E/Ea)/LVEDD, as a measure of left ventricular stiffness was recorded. In athletes the peak Ea preceded peak mitral opening by: median (interquartile range) 20 ms (10,20), control group 15 ms (0,30), compared with HCM where Ea followed peak mitral opening by 10 ms (0,20), P<0.0001. In athletes the index of left ventricular stiffness was lower than controls 1.2 (0.93,1.4) versus 1.5 (1.3,1.6), and HCM 2.2 (2.0,2.3), P<0.0001. CONCLUSION: Physiological hypertrophy can be differentiated from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in athletes using the Ea-peak mitral opening difference, and our index of ventricular stiffness.     

Diastolic intraventricular gradient in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with apical hypertrophy

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and additional diastolicflow abnormalities are relatively rare. This report describesa case of apical ventricular hypertrophy with complete systolicobstruction and holodiastolic intraventricular pressure gradient.     

老年肥厚型心肌病与高血压左室肥厚患者临床特点的比较

目的 分析老年肥厚型心肌病与老年高血压左室肥厚患者的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析老年肥厚型心肌病患者(35例)与老年高血压左室肥厚患者(35例)的症状和体征及心电图、超声心动图的差异.结果 老年肥厚型心肌病患者均无高血压史.两组年龄、性别、脑血管病史及肥厚型心肌病家族史比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).老年肥厚型心肌病患者中,晕厥者5例(14.3%),高血压左室肥厚患者中,无晕厥者,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).老年肥厚型心肌病患者中无心脏杂音者9例(25.7%),明显少于高血压左室肥厚患者[23例(65.7%),P＜0.05].心电图示:老年肥厚型心肌病患者中,有异常Q波者10例(28.6%),较高血压左室肥厚患者的1例(2.9%)多(P＜0.05).老年肥厚型心肌病患者中心房颤动(房颤)及ST-T改变者分别为11例(31.4%)及34例(97.1%),明显多于高血压左室肥厚患者的3例(8.6%)及26例(74.3%),均为P＜0.05.超声心动图示:老年肥厚型心肌病患者的左室后壁厚度为(9.5±1.1)mm,明显薄于高血压左室肥厚患者的(12.6±1.0)mm(P＜0.01),左房内径老年肥厚型心肌病患者为(41.6±6.3)mm,高血压左室肥厚患者为(38.6±5.5)mm,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);老年肥厚型心肌病患者二尖瓣血流频谱E/A＜1者15例(42.9%),明显少于高血压左室肥厚患者的32例(91.4%),P＜0.05.老年肥厚型心肌病患者有主动脉瓣钙化者7例(20.0%),高血压左室肥厚患者20例(57.1%),二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),室间隔厚度、左室内径与射血分数2组相似(均为P＞0.05).结论 老年肥厚型心肌病患者临床表现有晕厥者多,心脏有明显的杂音,心电图有异常Q波及房颤者较多,超声心动图显示左室不对称性肥厚多;高血压左室肥厚患者左室肥厚多为对称性,合并主动脉瓣钙化者多.