淋巴瘤治疗后残留淋巴结超声与PET/CT检查的对比研究

目的 比较淋巴瘤治疗后残留淋巴结超声特征与PET/CT显像特点,探讨其在淋巴瘤疗效检测上的价值.方法 对32例淋巴瘤患者治疗后77枚残留浅表淋巴结分别进行彩色多普勒超声检查和PET/CT检查,采用两种方法判断肿瘤残余情况,并结合临床及残留淋巴结穿刺活检的病理结果进行比较分析.结果 在77枚淋巴结中超声判断肿瘤残余情况73枚与病理或临床结果一致(占94.8%),PET/CT判断情况75枚与病理或临床结果一致(97.4%).超声显示有肿瘤残余组较无肿瘤残余组淋巴结长径(L)/短径(S)值小、血供丰富、血流速度快、R1低(P＜0.05).PET/CT检查显示有肿瘤残余组淋巴结处于高代谢状态,无肿瘤残余组淋巴结内无异常高代谢.有肿瘤残余组淋巴结超声指标与PET/CT显示高代谢间有一定关联.结论 两种方法诊断准确率较高,均对临床疗效评估有重要实用价值,超声检查可以作为常规检查手段.     

PET在小儿癫痫定位诊断上的应用

目的　评价PET在小儿癫痫定位诊断中的应用价值。方法　对 2 0例小儿癫痫分别进行 18F FDGPET、EEG和MRI检查 ,并对其定位诊断阳性率进行比较。结果　PET显像阳性率 90 % ,其中低代谢灶 7例 ,高代谢灶 10例 ,低代谢灶和高代谢灶共存 1例。EEG检查阳性率 80 % ,在病灶诊断上与PET检查完全一致和部分一致占 70 % ,完全不一致 3 0 %。MRI检查阳性率 3 8.89% ,与PET检查完全一致占 16.67% ,完全不一致占 83 .3 3 %。PET、EEG与MRI比较完全一致和部分一致占 16.67% ,完全不一致占 83 .3 3 %。结论　PET显像对小儿癫痫病灶的探测敏感性高于EEG、MRI。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在甲状腺肿瘤原发灶中的诊断价值

目的:评价PET/CT在甲状腺肿瘤原发灶的诊断价值.方法:45例经术前B超筛检,共50个怀疑甲状腺恶性病灶纳入研究,术前行PET/CT及UGFNAC评价良恶性,以术后病理作为"金标准",对比、评价PET/CT的诊断价值.结果:50个病灶,病理诊断26例为恶性,24例为良性.恶性肿物组PET/CT的 SUVmax高于良性组.PET/CT诊断敏感度为88.5%,特异度为79.2%,粗符合率为84%,Youden指数为67.7%.结论:PET/CT对区分甲状腺肿瘤良恶性有很好的价值,联合采用PET/CT及UGFNAC可以提高诊断准确率.     

PET/CT在食管癌分期诊断中的价值

目的评价18F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌分期诊断中的价值。方法对86例病理已明确证实为食管癌的患者进行PET/CT检查,利用18F-FDG在肿瘤病灶及转移灶中的高代谢原理,分析全身各系统病灶放射性摄取的最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）,对患者进行准确的诊断分析。结果 PET/CT的分期准确率（88.4%）以及区域淋巴结转移检查的敏感性（63.3%）、特异性（83.8%）均较单纯CT高。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT检查对食道癌患者的临床分期和治疗选择具有重要的指导意义。     

18FDG PET在宫颈癌远处淋巴结转移中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨18氟-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描仪(18FDG PET)在宫颈癌远处淋巴结转移的临床应用价值.方法:1997年8月至2005年8月,对拥有完整CT和18FDG PET资料的23例宫颈癌远处淋巴结转移患者进行同顾性分析,并对两种检查方法的结果进行比较.结果:23例患者中,18FDG PET与CT比较,大体肿瘤体积大小无变化的占57%(13/23)、增加的占26%(6/23)、缩小的占17%(4/23).肿瘤数目无变化的占48%(11/23)、增加的占30%(7/23)、减少的占22%(5/23).18FDG PET随访复查与初次检查结果一致的达96%(22/23).结论:18FDG PET是宫颈癌远处淋巴结转移诊断及评价预后的重要工具.     

PET/CT在老年患者非外伤性血性胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的:评估PET/CT在寻找恶性肿瘤引起的老年患者非外伤性血性胸腔积液的原发灶中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析43例非外伤性血性胸腔积液老年患者的PET/CT检查结果,以病理或临床随访结果作为最后诊断标准,进行对比分析。结果:43例进行PET/CT检查的非外伤性血性胸腔积液老年患者中,确诊为恶性肿瘤者41例,占95.35%,其中PET/CT检出恶性肿瘤病灶40例,占肿瘤患者的97.56%;PET/CT检出恶性肿瘤原发灶33例,原发灶检出率为80.49%。结论:PET/CT对于老年患者非外伤性单纯血性胸腔积液的诊断及恶性肿瘤原发灶的确定有重要价值。     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在鼻咽癌诊断及治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)在鼻咽癌诊断及治疗后随访中的应用价值。方法对本院接受PET/CT全身显像的62例鼻咽癌和14例鼻咽部炎症患者病例资料进行回顾性分析。鼻咽癌初诊患者16例,治疗后患者46例。检查在治疗前或治疗结束6周后进行。最终诊断由病理活检和临床随访确定,随访时间>6个月。结果①以鼻咽部黏膜非对称性增厚或形成软组织肿块及结节,同时局部FDG代谢活跃或异常活跃为判断标准诊断鼻咽癌,PET/CT诊断鼻咽癌的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为93.8%、92.9.%、93.3%。②治疗后组CT表现形态学异常24例,PET显示代谢增高13例。最终确定为肿瘤残留复发8例。CT检查阴性患者22例,PET显示高摄取2例,其中1例确诊为肿瘤残留。经病理诊断及随访确定局部无肿瘤残留复发病灶者37例。③43.8%的患者发现了颈部淋巴结转移灶,19.4%的患者发现有远隔转移。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT不仅在鼻咽癌诊断上有重要价值,在肿瘤疗效评价和分期与再分期上有更明显的优势。     

TM与PET/CT联合诊断肺结节的临床意义

目的：探讨分子生物学（TM）与PET/CT联合诊断肺结节的临床意义。方法经PET/CT检查可疑肺部肿瘤及结节患者98例,并行同期血清肿瘤标记物检测。所有患者均经纤维支气管镜、穿刺、手术等组织病理学检查、多种影像学检查及临床随访确诊。结果肿瘤标记物的灵敏度、特异度、准确度为70.5%、75.6%、73.5%,PET/CT为86.8%、86.5%、87.7%,二者联合检测为95.1%、81.1%、93.9%。结论TM与18F-FDG PET/CT联合检测,对肺部病灶良、恶性诊断的准确率高于单独一种检测方法,具有一定的互补性,可为临床的诊断与治疗提供更多信息。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在评估宫颈癌根治术后转移或复发的价值分析

[目的] 分析18F氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG )正电子发射断层显像术/计算机体层摄影术(PET/ CT)评估宫颈癌根治术后转移或复发的临床价值.[方法] 可疑宫颈癌术后复发或转移患者60例,均为宫颈癌根治术术后患者,且有明确病理结果,均进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查,与病理及随访结果对照,评定18F-FDG PET/CT在宫颈癌术后转移、复发诊断中的应用价值.[结果] ①18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出宫颈癌根治术后转移或复发阳性47例,阴性13例,其中30例肿瘤转移,17例肿瘤局部复发,其诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为97.83%、85.71%、95.00%,阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.74%、90.31%;②18F-FDG PET/CT与病理及随访检查结果一致性较高(P=0.000).[结论] 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对宫颈癌根治术后复发、转移诊断价值高,有其较高的敏感度、特异性、准确性,可为患者的临床治疗提供有效参考.     

疗前18F-FDG PET/CT对鼻咽癌颈部散在小淋巴结的临床诊断价值

目的 探讨疗前18F-FDG PET/CT对CT或MRI显示阴性的鼻咽癌颈部散在小淋巴结(最大横断面短径≥0.5 cm但<1 cm、包膜完整、无中央坏死)的临床诊断价值.方法 选取经病理组织学确诊、疗前CT或MRI检查可见颈部散在小淋巴结的初治鼻咽癌患者,进行头颈部或全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查;在超声引导下对散在小淋巴结进行细针穿刺活检.对比18F-FDG PET/CT显像及穿刺病理结果,计算18F-FDG PET/CT诊断符合率,分析18F-FDG PET/CT检查对N分期的影响.结果 2004年12月至2009年8月共30例患者进入本研究.根据CT或MRI诊断N0~3期分别为3例、13例、13例、1例.30例患者颈部共发现散在小淋巴结31枚,最大横断面短径为0.5~0.8 cm(中位0.6 cm);其中18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性15枚,阴性16枚;穿刺病理结果显示,15枚显像阳性的小淋巴结中病理阳性13枚,阴性2枚;16枚显像阴性的小淋巴结病理均为阴性.18F-FDG PET/CT的诊断准确率、灵敏性和特异性分别为93.5%、100%和88.9%;阳性和阴性预测值分别为86.7%和100%.与基于CT或MRI的N分期比较,18F-FDG PET/CT检查示5例患者N分期升级.结论 疗前18F-FDG PET/CT检查用于诊断CT或MRI显示阴性的鼻咽癌颈部散在小淋巴结有较高的准确性,有助于鼻咽癌准确分期.     

PET及PET/CT在脑出血中的应用

PET是一种可测定生物体内特定的放射性示踪剂分布和浓聚的影像学检查技术,已广泛应用于神经系统疾病的研究。脑出血发病率、病死率逐年增高,本文就PET及PET/CT在脑出血性疾病的基础研究和临床应用的现状进行简要综述。     

中国PET、PET/CT的分布调研和分析

目的：系统调研、并分析中国PET和PET/CT的应用、发展现状。方法：根据GE、Siemens、Philips等公司提供的PET和PET/CT用户名单,通过问卷形式调研国内100家PET或PET/CT用户现状,其临床应用情况则通过重庆维普数据库检索1995年1月至2006年12月在国内期刊发表的相关论文,并进行分类、统计。结果：1995年6月至2007年6月,我国大陆拥有PET15台,PET/CT85台,加速器51台,占拥有PET/CT单位的60%。符合电路测定单光子发射型计算机断层显像仪（MCD-SPECT）96台,主要分布于北京及广东、上海等沿海地区,以教学医院和部队医院最多,各占27%。目前临床PET应用主要为18F-FDG肿瘤显像诊断,也开展一些11C-胆碱等正电子显像;人员培训则采用考察和继续教育等方式。此外,上海等地已建立核医学质控中心,监测PET/CT质控情况。结论：本调查为了解我国PET和PET/CT现状、地域分布及临床应用等提供了详实资料,可为我国PET/CT的规划和决策提供参考。     

PET/CT

Molecular imaging is the visualization of specific molecular targets or its entire metabolic pathways and cells in the clinic or in living animals, especially for cancer diagnosis. Current molecular imaging techniques allow us to detect disease much earlier, to stage cancer much more accurately and noninvasively. Molecular imaging has grown to include nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and MR imaging. Hybrid techniques such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, PET/MRI, and fluorescence imaging also have been included in molecular imaging. Hybrid imaging actually brings together all the information that is necessary for clinical diagnosis of cancer. PET/CT is a hybrid nuclear imaging technique that has been widely adopted by radiologists in oncology practice. The success of combining PET with CT imaging is due to not only the benefits of functional imaging but also an effective anatomic correlation with computed tomography.     

PET和PET/CT在难治性癫痫中的应用进展

外科手术切除癫痫灶是治疗难治性癫痫的最有效手段,术前对致痫灶的准确定位是手术成功的关键。¹⁸F-FDG PET显像可反映癫痫病灶的糖代谢情况,受体显像可反映受体密度、分布及亲和力,对癫痫病灶的术前定位具有较高的灵敏度和特异度。本文对PET和PET/CT在难治性癫痫中的应用进展进行综述。     

Quantitative and Visual Assessments toward Potential Sub-mSv or Ultrafast FDG PET Using High-Sensitivity TOF PET in PET/MRI

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Newer high-performance time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) systems have the capability to preserve diagnostic image quality with low count...     

18F-FDG PET或PET/CT显像在淋巴瘤中的应用

淋巴瘤是一组起源于淋巴造血组织的恶性实体瘤，在我国发病率居恶性肿瘤第11～13位，死亡率为1．56／10万人口。恶性淋巴瘤的分类复杂，病理特点多变，病变范围广泛，大致可分为霍奇金病（Hodgkin’s disease，HD）和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin’slymphoma，NHL）两大类。中国人淋巴瘤多为NHL，HD仅占10％左右（国外为40％）；发病年龄集中于40岁左右（国外为20～24岁，75～84岁两个年龄段）。     

PET及PET/CT对抑郁症的研究现状及进展

抑郁症以显著而持久的心境低落为主要临床特征,严重危害人类健康。目前PET及PET/CT逐渐成为研究抑郁症的有效工具,通过动态观测抑郁症患者脑内物质代谢、局部血流量和受体密度等生理生化改变,为探讨抑郁症的发病机制、病理生理特点及评价治疗反应等提供客观依据。本文对PET及PET/CT在抑郁症研究中的现状及进展进行综述。     

SimPET: a Preclinical PET Insert for Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging

Purpose

SimPET/M7 system is a small-animal dedicated simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanner. The SimPET insert has been upgraded from its prototype with a focus on count rate performance and sensitivity. The M7 scanner is a 1-T permanent magnet-based compact MRI system without any cryogens. Here, we present performance evaluation results of SimPET along with the results of mutual interference evaluation and simultaneously acquired PET/MR imaging.

Procedures

Following NEMA NU 4-2008 standard, we evaluated the performance of the SimPET system. The M7 MRI compatibility of SimPET was also assessed by analyzing MRI images of a uniform phantom under different PET conditions and PET count rates with different MRI pulse sequences. Mouse imaging was performed including a whole-body ¹⁸F-NaF PET scan and a simultaneous PET/MRI scan with ⁶⁴Cu-NOTA-ironoxide.

Results

The spatial resolution at center based on 3D OSEM without and with warm background was 0.7 mm and 1.45 mm, respectively. Peak sensitivity was 4.21 % (energy window?=?250–750 keV). The peak noise equivalent count rate with the same energy window was 151 kcps at 38.4 MBq. The uniformity was 4.42 %, and the spillover ratios in water- and air-filled chambers were 14.6 % and 12.7 %, respectively. In the hot rod phantom image, 0.75-mm-diameter rods were distinguishable. There were no remarkable differences in the SNR and uniformity of MRI images and PET count rates with different PET conditions and MRI pulse sequences. In the whole-body ¹⁸F-NaF PET images, fine skeletal structures were well resolved. In the simultaneous PET/MRI study with ⁶⁴Cu-NOTA-ironoxide, both PET and MRI signals changed before and after injection of the dual-modal imaging probe, which was evident with the exact spatiotemporal correlation.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that the SimPET scanner has a high count rate performance and excellent spatial resolution. The combined SimPET/M7 enabled simultaneous PET/MR imaging studies with no remarkable mutual interference between the two imaging modalities.

     

PET and PET/CT imaging: what clinicians need to know

Positron emission tomography (PET), once the sole province of academic medical centers, is rapidly being adopted in daily clinical practice in community hospitals and outpatient centers. It can be especially useful in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. We provide an overview of the fundamentals of PET and PET with computed tomography (PET/CT) and discuss their current clinical utility.