绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关系分析

目的 探讨绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关系.方法 调查248名健康的绝经后妇女的年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限,测量身高、体重、正位腰椎（L2～L4）、髋部骨密度进行分析.结果 随着绝经年限的增长,腰椎和髋部骨密度逐渐降低.单因素相关分析表明年龄、绝经年限与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.调整身高、体重指数后,年龄、绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.多元逐步回归分析显示绝经年限与腰椎、股骨颈及股骨大转子的骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,年龄与腰椎、股骨颈及Ward三角区骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）.结论 年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度有关.     

身高、体重、体重指数对绝经后妇女全身骨密度的影响

目的 探讨绝经后妇女骨密度（BMD）与身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）的关系。方法 对南京地区50岁以上绝经后妇女794人，按身高、体重和BMI，将受检者分为3组：低体重组，正常体重组和超体重组，采用双能X线骨密度（DEXA）测定受检者腰椎2-4、股骨上端及全身MBD。结果 腰椎、股骨和全身MBD随体重、BMI增加而增高。各组间腰椎、股骨和全身MBD均有显著差异（P〈0．01）。身高、体重、BMI与腰椎、股骨及全身的BMD呈正相关。体重比身高、BMI与BMD相关性好。结论 体重对绝经后妇女BMD影响较身高和BMI大，低体重是发生骨质疏松（OP）的危险因素之一，对低体重（BMI≤20kg／m^2）绝经后妇女采取适当措施防治OP，以免发生骨折。     

绝经后骨质疏松患者IGF-Ⅰ变化

对绝经后妇女使用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎及股骨颈骨密度,同时使用放射免疫方法测定血清中性激素和IGF-Ⅰ水平.结果显示绝经后骨质疏松患者腰椎、股骨颈骨密度明显低于正常绝经后妇女,且伴有雌二醇(E2)和IGF-Ⅰ的明显下降.骨质疏松的发生与雌激素的下降,及其调节的IGF-Ⅰ异常改变有关.     

血清催产素浓度与绝经后女性骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨催产素与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测185例骨密度正常和132例患骨质疏松症女性的血清催产素、瘦素、雌激素和骨代谢指标浓度。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。结果患骨质疏松症女性的血清催产素浓度低于骨密度正常的女性(P0.05)。骨质疏松症组中血清催产素浓度与年龄、绝经年限、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和血清PINP、BLAP和CTX浓度呈负相关;与瘦素和雌激素具有明显正相关性;在正常骨密度组中,血清催产素浓度和各种指标未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度仍然与绝经年限以及血清PINP、BLAP和CTX浓度呈负相关,与雌激素、瘦素和催产素浓度呈正相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析显示绝经年限、血清催产素、PINP和CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者较高的血清催产素水平与较高的腰椎和股骨颈骨密度有关。     

长春地区女性骨密度与年龄、绝经年限、体重指数的相关性研究

目的调查吉林省长春地区4613例25~79岁女性腰椎正位L1-L4 TOTAL骨密度(BMD),分析长春地区女性骨质疏松患病率,研究女性腰椎BMD与年龄、绝经年限、体重指数的相关关系。方法采用美国Hologic公司Discovery WA型骨密度仪检测受试者腰椎正位L1-L4 TOTAL骨密度。将4613例受试者腰椎BMD检测结果按5岁为一年龄段分组,应用SPSS19.0统计学分析软件进行分析。腰椎BMD和骨质疏松患病率与年龄、绝经年限、体重指数的相关性采用直线相关分析。结果30岁以后,随着年龄增长,腰椎BMD值呈下降趋势,骨质疏松患病率升高,年龄与腰椎BMD呈负相关,与OP患病率呈正相关;随绝经年限延长,BMD值降低,OP患病率升高,绝经年限与腰椎BMD呈负相关,与OP患病率呈正相关。低体重指数组,腰椎BMD值最低,OP患病率最高;随体重指数增加,腰椎BMD增加,骨质疏松患病率降低,体重指数与腰椎BMD呈正相关,与骨质疏松患病率呈负相关。结论年龄、绝经年限、体重指数是骨密度的重要影响因素,增龄、绝经年限延长与低体重指数是骨质疏松发生的危险因素。     

绝经后妇女血清基质金属蛋白酶-9和基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1与骨密度的关系

目的 探讨绝经后妇女血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)与骨密度(BMD)之间的关系.通过观察绝经后妇女不同骨密度条件下MMP-19、TIMP-1浓度的变化,探讨两者在骨质疏松症(OP)中的作用,为临床OP诊断与干预治疗提供依据.方法 选择绝经后妇女80例.采用Challenge双能x线骨密度仪(DXA)测量腰椎(L2-L4)侧位和左侧髋部(股骨颈、大转子、Ward三角区)6个骨骼区域的骨密度(BMD).分为正常对照组(骨密度正常组,21例)、低骨量组(20例)、骨质疏松组(23例)和严重骨质疏松组(骨质疏松骨折组,16例),对各组进行身高、体重等常规检查并用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)测定各组血清MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度.结果 绝经后女性血清MMP-9水平随骨密度的降低呈现升高趋势.以骨质疏松骨折组为著;低骨量组、骨质疏松组TIMP-1水平与对照组比较没有统计学意义;正常对照组、低骨量组、骨质疏松组MMP-9与TIMP-1的比率依次升高,致使MMP-9与TIMP-1的比率失调.结论 绝经后妇女血清MMP-9水平升高及MMP-9与,TIMP-1的比率失调可能为绝经后骨质疏松症发生的重要影响因素.     

绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平与骨代谢的关系

目的探讨绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平与骨代谢的关系.方法测定85例绝经妇女血清瘦素水平及体重指数、体脂量、甘油三脂和总胆固醇,用双能X线法测定股骨和腰椎的骨密度,并测定骨钙素及尿钙水平,分析瘦素与上述指标之间的相关性.结果用骨密度与瘦素及瘦素相关指标进行多元逐步回归分析,瘦素没有进入腰椎和股骨颈骨密度方程;瘦素与骨钙素及尿钙水平也均无相关.结论瘦素与绝经后妇女的骨代谢无直接关系.     

探讨体重指数对绝经后老年妇女不同部位骨密度的影响

目的分析不同体重指数患者的腰椎和股骨近端、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区的骨密度及T值评分,探讨体重指数对绝经老年妇女不同部位骨密度的影响。方法以我院225例年龄均为60以上的绝经老年妇女为研究对象,计算体重指数将患者分为体瘦组、正常组和肥胖组,检测患者腰椎和股骨近端、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区的骨密度,分析各部位骨密度变化与体重指数的关系。结果体瘦组的患者各部位骨密度明显低于正常和肥胖组的患者,体瘦组与正常组或肥胖组比较,腰椎(L1～L4)、股骨颈、股骨近端、Ward’s三角区的骨密度均有显著的差异(P<0.01);正常组与肥胖组比较,仅L3和L4的骨密度有显著的差异(P<0.05),其余部位的骨密度无显著的差异(P>0.05)。结论体重和体重指数是影响骨密度的一个重要因素,体重和体重指数与绝经老年妇女不同部位的骨密度存在一定的相关性,低体重指数的绝经老年妇女,骨丢失而引起的骨量减少明显,易发生骨质疏松。     

绝经后妇女膝关节骨性关节炎和骨质疏松症发生率关系

目的研究分析绝经后妇女骨质疏松症和膝关节骨性关节炎发生率关系。方法回顾性分析100例绝经后骨质疏松患者以及100例绝经后骨关节炎患者的基本资料,对患者的年龄、体重指数进行计算,做好骨密度的测定,对两组患者的骨质疏松以及骨关节炎等指标的变化进行比较。结果观察A组中的100例骨质疏松患者88例为II度以上的骨性关节炎。同时观察B组中的100例骨性关节炎患者中25例腰椎和髋部骨密度逐渐下降,其T值小于-2.5SD,确诊为骨质疏松症。随着年龄的增长,绝经后妇女骨质疏松和骨质增生伴发率逐渐增加,同时绝经后妇女的体重指数和骨密度以及骨关节炎有着正相关的关系,绝经后妇女骨质疏松体重指数较大的,并合并骨性关节炎患者的发生率逐渐增加,骨性关节炎患者体重指数较低,骨质疏松发生的可能性较大。结论绝经后妇女骨质疏松和骨性关节炎的发生,和年龄有密切的关联,同时骨性关节炎是骨质疏松症发生的一种重要影响因素。     

绝经后妇女椎体骨折与骨密度的对照研究

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与骨密度的关系。方法随机选择椎体骨折的绝经后妇女120例为骨折组，无椎体骨折的120例绝经后妇女为对照组。两组的年龄、身高、体重等差异无显著性，均行胸腰椎正侧位X线摄片。用双能X线吸收仪（DXA）测量腰椎（L2-4）前后位及髋部骨密度（BMD）和T值。结果骨折组腰椎及髋部BMD和T值均低于对照组（P≤0．05）。结论腰椎BMD降低与绝经后妇女的骨质疏松性椎体骨折相关，髋部骨密度值的降低在一定程度上也能提示骨折的危险性。绝经后骨质疏松妇女应重视BMD变化，预防椎体骨折的发生。     

Body mass index,body fat percentage,and the effect of body fat mass on SWL success

Objectives In the present study, we investigated the effects of the Body Mass Index (BMI), the Body Fat Percentage (BFP), and the Body Fat Mass (BFM) on success of SWL, prospectively. Patients and methods The BMI, BFP, BFM values of patients, who were treated by SWL due to upper urinary system stone disease (pelvis renalis, upper ureter, kidney lower and upper calices) between January and December 2005 in our hospital’s urolithiasis center, were measured. Patients with stones smaller than 5 mm or larger than 20 mm and patients who had a stone localized somewhere other than in the upper urinary system, were not included in the study. Patients evaluated to be clinically successful according to the SWL were put in group 1, and the other patients who were not successful were included in group 2. Results About 158 (97 male, 61 female) patients aged between 16 and 92 (mean 36.69 (±13.22) years), put on SWL therapy due to presence of upper urinary system stone disease, were included in the study. While the mean BMI was 23.97 ± 0.4 in group 1 and 25.98 ± 0.5 (P = 0.02) in group 2, BFP was 23.85 ± 0.8 in group 1 and 29.19 ± 1.1 (P = 0.001) in group 2, and BFM was determined to be 16.74 ± 0.7 and 21.19 ± 1.01 (P = 0.001) in group 2. Regarding all the parameters (BMI, BFP, BFM), the statistical analyses carried out between the groups showed significant differences. Conclusion BFP and BFM parameters are also important factors along with the BMI in providing a successful SWL treatment. All the parameters should be considered regarding the success of the treatment and the patients should be informed.     

体重及体质量指数与骨质疏松性骨折发生的关系研究

目的探讨骨质疏松性骨折的发生与身高、体重及体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的关系。方法回顾性分析我院自2012年以来符合骨质疏松诊断的患者1936例,诊断为骨质疏松性骨折患者472例,分析骨质疏松性骨折组与非骨折组之间身高、体重及BMI的差异,并根据不同部位骨折分组以及不同年龄层分析身高、体重、BMI与骨质疏松性骨折发生的关系。结果骨质疏松性骨折组体重、BMI均低于非骨折组(P0.01),而两组间身高比较差异无统计学意义。不同部位骨折分组中脊柱压缩性骨折组的BMI最高,而髋部骨折组的BMI最低(P0.05)。依不同BMI分组发现低体重组中髋部骨折占56.5%,而在超体重组中脊柱压缩性骨折占43.01%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。骨密度T值随BMI的增加而增加,两者呈显著正相关关系(P0.01)。结论体重、BMI对于骨质疏松性骨折的发生存在相关关系,BMI虽与骨密度T值呈正相关关系,但由于不同部位骨折的受力机制不同,其体重、BMI的增加与减少所造成的影响也不同,如低BMI易造成髋部骨折,高BMI易造成脊柱压缩性骨折。     

Weight,body composition,and bone density in postmenopausal women

Associations of body weight and body composition with bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in 261 postmenopausal women. BMD, body fat, and body nonfat soft tissue (NFST) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A height-independent BMD variable (HIBMD) was calculated to correct for differences among individuals in bone thickness, a dimension that is ignored by DXA scanners. HIBMD was calculated as BMD divided by height at the spine and femoral neck, and BMD divided by the square root of height at the total body. Weight, fat, and nonfat soft tissue were all positively correlated with both BMD and HIBMD, but the magnitudes of regression and correlation coefficients were lower when HIBMD was the dependent variable. The weight-independent associations of body composition with HIBMD were examined by including weight and % NFST together in linear models. In these analyses, weight was positively associated with HIBMD at all three skeletal sites (r=0.22–0.26, P<0.05), % NFST was not associated with HIBMD at the spine or femoral neck (r=0.01–0.02), and there was only a weak inverse correlation of % NFST with total body BMD (r=-0.12, P<0.05). These findings are consistent with those of previous studies demonstrating positive associations between body weight and BMD. In addition, they demonstrate that once bone thickness and body weight are taken into account, body composition appears to have little if any independent effect on bone density at the skeletal sites measured. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the protective effect of body weight is brought about predominantly through its mechanical force on the skeleton.     

中老年人群骨密度与人体测量指标及体成分相关性的研究

目的 了解北京市中老年人群骨密度和体成分检测情况,并探讨骨密度与人体测量指标及体成分之间的关系。方法 采用SPT(磷化存储高精度数字成像技术）骨密度分析仪（MetriScan）测定255例40岁以上中老年人的骨密度,利用体成分分析仪测定体脂肪、肌肉量等,并进行人体测量获得身高、体重、握力等数据。结果 (1)每10岁作为一个年龄段,共4个年龄段（70岁以上为1个年龄段）,随着年龄增加骨密度逐渐下降,尤其是女性60～69岁年龄段骨密度值与前一个年龄段测定值相比,差异有统计学意义,60岁以上同年龄段受试者的骨密度在不同性别之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性骨骼健康状况与男性相比明显较差;(2)骨密度与身高、体重、左右手握力、肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质和无机盐均呈正相关,而与体脂肪率呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。结论 身高、体重、左右手握力、体脂肪率、肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质和无机盐水平均与骨密度密切相关,也可以作为评价骨骼健康状况的间接参考指标,去脂体重和肌肉量是骨密度主要的决定因素。     

Short-term changes in affective,behavioral, and cognitive components of body image after bariatric surgery

Background

Many bariatric surgery candidates report body image concerns before surgery. Research has reported post-surgical improvements in body satisfaction, which may be associated with weight loss. However, research has failed to comprehensively examine changes in affective, behavioral, and cognitive body image.

利用人体成分分析仪检测围手术期患者体液含量及分布变化的临床意义

目的通过人体成分分析仪检测患者围手术期的体液含量及分布变化,探讨体液含量及其变化在临床中的意义及应用价值。 方法本研究采用横断面研究方法,选择2016年3月至9月滨州医学院附属医院收治的患者123例,详细记录患者的临床资料,并进行人体成分分析检测。分析患者术前1 d与术后第1、3、5、7天细胞内液（ICW）、细胞外液（ECW）、总体液（TBW）的数据,观察术后ICW、ECW、TBW、ICW/TBW、ECW/TBW的变化。按照术后第1天ECW/TBW分组,分析患者术后第1天ECW/TBW的变化对白细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白及临床预后的影响。 结果患者术后早期ICW、ECW、TBW均增加,随后逐渐下降至术前水平;术后第1天ICW/TBW达到最低,ECW/TBW达到最高,随后逐渐恢复至正常。术后第1天ECW/TBW比值越高（>0.400）的患者血红蛋白及白蛋白的水平越低,术后腹腔引流管的放置时间、术后住院时间越长,术后并发症的发生率及死亡率越高。 结论围手术期体液含量的检测对患者预后的评估、降低术后并发症具有重要的指导价值。人体成分分析仪是一种对围手术期患者的体液含量进行有效测量的工具,具有重要临床应用价值。     

Noninvasive body contouring with radiofrequency, ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and low-level laser therapy

Noninvasive body contouring is perhaps one of the most alluring areas of esthetic surgery today. This article discusses current noninvasive body-contouring modalities, including suction massage devices, radiofrequency energy, high-frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and low-level light laser therapy devices. It also discusses imminent technologies awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration, reviews the basic science and clinical effects behind each of these existing and emerging technologies, addresses patient selection and clinical applications of each modality, and discusses the applicability and economics of providing noninvasive lipolysis services in office.     

体脂率及体重指数与丙泊酚麻醉用量的相关性

目的观察患者体脂率及BMI对丙泊酚麻醉用量的影响,并得出丙泊酚麻醉用量简便的计算公式。方法选择我院择期行腹腔镜手术患者104例,男46例,女58例,年龄25~59岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,根据BMI和体脂率将患者分为四组:A组,BMI25.0kg/m~2,体脂率25%(男)或35%(女);B组,BMI25.0kg/m~2,体脂率≥25%(男)或≥35%(女);C组,BMI≥25.0kg/m~2,体脂率25%(男)或35%(女);D组,BMI≥25.0kg/m~2,体脂率≥25%(男)或≥35%(女)。所有患者均采用统一的麻醉方案,BIS闭环靶控目标值设为45~55。记录患者麻醉诱导、麻醉维持时丙泊酚使用量以及拔管时间。纳入所有患者的性别、BMI和体脂率等构建多元线性回归模型。结果 D组丙泊酚麻醉诱导剂量明显高于A、B、C组(P0.05);B组和D组的前1h和前2h每公斤体重丙泊酚用量均明显低于A组(P0.05),A组和C组的每公斤体重丙泊酚用量差异无统计学意义,B组和D组的每公斤体重丙泊酚用量差异无统计学意义;四组拔管时间差异无统计学意义。回归公式:前1h丙泊酚用量(mg/kg)=7.715+1.900×性别(男=0,女=1)-0.125×体脂率。结论BMI或体脂率越高的患者在维持麻醉状态时每公斤体重丙泊酚使用量越少;当BMI与体脂率衡量肥胖发生矛盾时,体脂率与患者每公斤体重丙泊酚麻醉用量相关性更好。     

Keloid negatively affects body image

Background/ObjectivesKeloid is a healing disorder that occurs exclusively in humans. This pathology is considered a benign cicatricial neoplasm, whose physiopathogenesis has not yet completely clarified. Its disfiguring appearance often could potentially cause a disturbance in the patient regarding his/her body image. The objective is to evaluate the impact of keloid on body image.Methods61 patients with keloid in socially exposed regions of the body were included. The participants were submitted to clinical evaluation, composed of anamnesis and physical examination, and answered two questionnaires: the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale (BDSS) questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale – Unifesp/EPM.ResultsForty percent of the patients had negative aspects of body image (BDSS score ≥ 6). The scores of these patients on the Rosenberg Scale reached an average of 10.5 (p < 0.03).ConclusionsThe presence of a keloid negatively affects body image.     

Relationship of renal size, body size, and blood pressure in children

Somatometric parameters, renal size, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were studied in 406 patients referred to pediatric nephrology and urology clinics. These patients included 269 females (66%), 67 African Americans (17%), and 87 patients with essential hypertension (21%). Z scores for the study population were comparable to published standards for height, kidney length, and SBP. Weight and body mass index scores were significantly greater than predicted from the standards, especially in the subset of patients with essential hypertension. Age, height, weight, body mass index, kidney length, and SBP all correlated with one another; however, on multiple regression analysis of SBP with the other five independent variables, only weight proved to have a significant correlation. Furthermore, the relationship of kidney length with SBP was positive and hypertensive patients had greater kidney size than published standards. These data do not support reduced kidney size in the population with essential hypertension, nor is there support for a convincing correlation between kidney length and SBP in the general pediatric population. Body weight correlates best with blood pressure. These findings warrant further study in a less-select population. Prevention and treatment of obesity may thus be of prime importance in addressing hypertension in children. Received April 22, 1997; received in revised form and accepted July 23, 1997