Ⅲ期大体积非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗尝试

目的探讨以三维适形放疗(3DCRT)技术提高Ⅲ期大体积非小细胞肺癌的局控效果的可行性。方法回顾分析应用3DCRT技术治疗的52例瘤体直径≥8 cm的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌病例的治疗结果。42例行根治性放疗,BED 72~112 Gy;10例行姑息性放疗,BED 48~70 Gy。结果44例临床状况明显改善。总的肿瘤局部控制有效率(CR PR)69.3%;根治病例为76.2%。无2级以上急性及晚期放射损伤(RTOG/EORTC分级标准)。结论3DCRT是治疗Ⅲ期大体积非小细胞肺癌的安全有效的方法之一,可以提高肿瘤局控率。     

软组织肉瘤手术加术中放疗的临床研究

目的:探讨软组织肉瘤术中放疗的意义。方法:对39例软组织肉瘤患者行根治或姑息性手术,术中放疗在术中放疗手术室进行,术中根据肿瘤大小,选择不同术中放疗限光筒及6～12MeV电子线1次照射15～25Gy,姑息手术者剂量加大至36Gy。术后辅以外照射治疗,常规设野,5/周,2Gy/次,总量40～50Gy。初发病灶10例,术后复发29例。结果:39例患者随访12～64个月,3、5年局控率分别为71.8%和64.1%。3年生存率为82.0%。结论:术中放疗具有较高的局控率,比之其他治疗具有许多优点,将获得较高的生存率。     

脑干区肿瘤立体定向适形放疗25例

1997年10月~2002年4月用立体定向适形放疗(stereotacticconformalradiotherapy,SCRT)技术治疗的脑干区肿瘤25例。6例为常规照射加SCRT,7例为手术后SCRT,12例单独SCRT。结果显示,患者临床症状缓解率100·0%,并发症率16·0%。初步研究结果证明,SCRT是治疗脑干区肿瘤的有效方法,对缓解临床症状疗效显著。     

脑干区肿瘤立体定向适形放疗25例

1997年10月-2002年4月用立体定向适形放疗(stereotactic conformal radiotherapy，SCRT)技术治疗的脑干区肿瘤25例。6例为常规照射加SCRT，7例为手术后SCRT，12例单独SCRT。结果显示，患者临床症状缓解率100．0%，并发症率16．0％。初步研究结果证明，SCRT是治疗脑干区肿瘤的有效方法，对缓解临床症状疗效显著。     

快速姑息放疗联合化疗治疗鼻咽癌远处转移

目的:探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)远处转移综合治疗的效果及预后因素.方法:对38例NPC放疗后远处转移的病例采用快速姑息放疗及以DDP+5-Fu为主的全身化疗.单纯肝转移病例以介入化疗为主.结果:止痛有效率87%,全组中位生存期9个月,(1年内死亡19例,5例生存期达2年);现存活5例,其生存期为7个月～15个月.结论:采用快速姑息放疗联合以DDP+5-Fu为主的全身化疗,治疗NPC远处转移取得一定效果.KPS评分、出现转移的早晚、单/多器官转移及化疗疗程是影响预后的主要因素.     

膀胱癌放疗疗效分析

目的 回顾分析局限于盆腔的肌壁浸润性膀胱癌放疗疗效及影响因素、膀胱功能保存情况及不良反应。 方法 自1999-2016年在我院接受放疗的肌壁浸润性膀胱癌患者 45例(移行细胞癌 41例)。全膀胱 ±盆腔淋巴引流区 ±局部补量放疗,膀胱中位剂量45 Gy,肿瘤局部中位剂量56 Gy,24例接受了同步化疗,14例接受了新辅助化疗,29例放疗前接受过经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。 结果 中位随访28个月(4~101月),3年总生存率为51%,同步化放疗、单纯放疗 3年总生存率分别为64%、30%(P=0.001),有无新辅助化疗的 3年总生存率分别为59%和47%(P=0.540),放疗前有无局部电切的 3年总生存率分别为58%和43%(P=0.160),有无复发的 3年生存率分别为20%和79%(P=0.001)。局部复发 9例,远处转移 14例,放疗后≥3个月肠道损伤发生率2级 2例,泌尿道损伤发生率2级 4例、3级 2例。除 7例因膀胱肿瘤未控或放疗损伤严重影响患者膀胱功能外,其余均保持了基本正常膀胱功能。 结论 盆腔局限性肌壁浸润性膀胱癌同步化放疗可取得优于单纯放疗疗效,膀胱癌放疗后大部分患者可以保存正常膀胱功能,不良反应可接受。     

非手术方法治疗局部侵袭性胸腺肿瘤

背景与目的手术切除是早期胸腺肿瘤的主要治疗方法,而对于IV期的病变,化疗则是最常用的方案。对于局部晚期的肿瘤,尤其是不适合手术的病例,何种治疗方案效果更优则没有明确的结论。鉴于此,我们做了这项回顾性的研究,通过对三种非手术疗法的比较,希望找到一些线索。方法自2000年10月至2010年12月,共有42例患者接受了三种非手术方案的治疗。这三种模式分别是单独放疗（radiotherapy, RT）、序贯化放疗（se-quential chemoradiation, SCRT）以及同步放化疗（concurrent chemoradiation, CCRT）。并对三种方案的缓解率（objec-tive response rate, ORR）、总生存期（overall survival, OS）以及治疗的相关毒副反应进行比较。结果全组42例患者中,总的缓解率为61.9%,5年生存率为46%。RT组、SCRT组以及CCRT组的缓解率分别是43.8%、50%和87.5%（RT vs SCRT,P=0.692; RTvs CCRT,P=0.009; SCRTvs CCRT,P=0.051）。RT组、SCRT组以及CCRT组的5年生存率分别是30%、50%和61.9%（RTvs SCRT,P=0.230; RTvs CCRT,P=0.011; SCRTvs CCRT,P=0.282）。共有11例患者发生了3度-4度的中性粒细胞减少,其中7例出现在CCRT组,另4例出现在SCRT组。有9例患者主诉有3度放射性食道炎,其中RT组2例, SCRT组3例,CCRT组4例。另外,CCRT组还出现了2例3度的放射性肺炎。未发现致命的5度毒副反应。结论在治疗不适合手术的局部晚期胸腺肿瘤上,CCRT显示出了比RT和CCRT更好的局部控制以及长期生存优势,不过也有增加肺损伤风险的可能。对于局部侵袭性的胸腺肿瘤,CCRT可提供最佳的肿瘤控制效果。     

原发性乳腺淋巴瘤临床及预后分析(附37例报告)

目的: 回顾性分析原发性乳腺淋巴瘤(PBL)的临床病理特征、治疗经过及预后因素,探讨更好的治疗模式。 方法: 收集1992年9月~2006年5月间本院收治的37例原发性乳腺淋巴瘤(PBL)的临床发病特点、治疗经过及疗效、预后随访结果。 结果: 37例PBL患者,均为女性,中位年龄45岁(29～82岁)。根据Ann Arbor分期标准,ⅠE期16例,ⅡE期12例,ⅢE和ⅣE期9例,病理类型均为B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,以弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤为主(26例/37例)。治疗情况:单纯根治术组2例,手术+化疗组21例(其中乳房根治或改良根治手术12例,象限切除手术9例),乳腺局部放疗+化疗组8例,单纯化疗组6例,化疗一般采用CHOP方案,4～6个周期。随访时间1个月~120个月,中位随访时间36个月。全部患者中位生存时间为53个月,3年生存率为80%,5年生存率为38%。手术+化疗组和放疗+化疗组,5年生存率无明显差异(38.1%和37.5%,P=0.20)。原发肿瘤大小及临床分期是预后主要相关因素(P=0.04和P=0.01)。 结论: PBL多为女性患者,好发生于单侧乳腺,病理以弥漫性大B细胞型最常见。治疗应以局部放疗联合全身化疗为主,须定期随访观察。     

局部晚期直肠癌短程新辅助放疗与长程新辅助放疗联合延迟手术疗效比较

目的 短程新辅助放疗(SCRT)联合延迟手术似乎比SCRT联合立即手术更安全,但SCRT联合延迟手术和长程新辅助放疗(LCRT)联合延迟手术的疗效比较尚不明确,因此对两种治疗方案在局部晚期直肠癌患者中的安全性和有效性进行Meta分析。方法 利用相关数据库进行相关文献的搜索,对于患者基线特点和治疗结果数据进行提取,对纳入的研究进行偏倚风险评估,并进行证据评价和做出数据分析。结果 共纳入7个研究总计患者4967例。SCRT联合延迟手术和LCRT联合延迟手术在保肛率、R0切除率、术后并发症、局部复发率(LRR)、远处转移、无复发生存(RFS)、总生存(OS)、住院日方面和急性放疗不良反应均相近(P>0.05)。LCRT比SCRT联合延迟手术增加了肿瘤降期率(RR=0.84,95%CI为0.76~0.93,P<0.05)和更高的病理完全缓解率(RR = 0. 46,95% CI = 0. 34~0. 61, P<0. 05)。结论 SCRT联合延迟手术和LCRT联合延迟手术在保肛率、R0切除率、术后并发症、LRR、RFS、OS、住院日和急性3-4级不良反应相近,后者提高了降期率和病理完全缓解率。     

大分割三维适形放疗联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的:观察大分割三维适形放疗(3DCRT)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗效果,分析其预后因素。方法:对50例不能手术的原发性肝癌(PLC)进行大分割3DCRT,分割剂量3～6Gy,生物效应剂量(BED)52～84Gy,中位剂量61Gy。放疗前行TACE治疗1～3次。结果:50例肝癌患者中,完全缓解(CR)16%(8/50),部分缓解(PR)62%(31/50),无变化(NC)14%(7/50),进展(PD)8%(4/50),总有效率(CR+PR)78%。1、2、3年生存率分别为74%(37/50)、58%(29/50)和34%(17/50),中位生存期22.5个月。多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤数目、大体肿瘤体积(GTV)、Child-pugh分级是影响生存率的主要预后因素。结论:大分割3DCRT联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌值得临床推广应用,不良反应可以耐受,特别是对于肿瘤数目少、肿瘤体积小和肝功能较好的肝癌患者不失为一种非手术治疗的理想选择。     

Flavopiridol increases therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy by preferentially enhancing tumor radioresponse

PURPOSE: Recently we reported that inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) by flavopiridol enhanced the radiation response of murine ovarian carcinoma cells in culture. The purpose of this investigation was to extend these studies to in vivo tumor models and test whether flavopiridol increases the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three transplantable syngeneic mouse tumors were used: mammary carcinoma (MCa-29), ovarian carcinoma (OCa-I), and a lymphoma (Ly-TH). Tumor treatment endpoints included growth delay, cure, and spontaneous lung metastases (OCa-I tumor). The normal tissue endpoint was survival of jejunal crypt cells quantified microscopically. A range of flavopiridol doses from 0.625 to 5.0 mg/kg were given systemically once or twice daily over 5, 10, or 20 days. Combined therapy flavopiridol treatments were initiated either several days before or shortly after the start of single dose or daily fractionated radiotherapy. RESULTS: The major findings of this study are that all three tumors treated with flavopiridol alone responded by tumor growth delay. Two of the tumors (MCa-29 and Ly-TH) responded in a schedule-dependent manner with larger radiation enhancement factors when flavopiridol treatment was started a few hours after irradiation (radioenhancement factors [EF] Ly-TH = 2.04, EF MCa-29 = 1.50 for single dose irradiation). When combined with fractionated irradiation (2.6 Gy daily for 10 or 20 days), flavopiridol enhanced the response of the MCa-29 tumor by a factor of 1.25-1.46. A fractional radiation dose of 6 Gy in combination with flavopiridol produced a 62.5% cure rate compared with 25% tumor cure for radiation alone. A novel finding of this study was the demonstration of antimetastatic activity of flavopiridol in addition to its effect on the local primary tumor. Both the incidence and absolute number of lung metastasis were reduced when flavopiridol followed surgical removal of the large (10 mm) primary leg tumor. The normal jejunum treated with flavopiridol and radiation responded in a schedule independent manner and the degree of radioenhancement (EF, 1.05-1.06) was much less than for any of the tumors studied. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic gain was achieved when flavopiridol treatment was initiated either before or after the start of radiotherapy. Flavopiridol shows promising clinical potential administered alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents, including both chemotherapy and radiotherapy.     

胸内巨大实质性肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨胸内巨大实质性肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的36例胸内巨大肿瘤患者的临床资料.其中肿瘤彻底切除34例,同期行上腔静脉成形术3例,左无名静脉结扎术2例.6例患者术后加用放射治疗.结果 36例患者中,围术期死亡2例,占5.6%.术后平均住院时间为14.2 d.症状明显改善者32例,术后出现复张性肺水肿6例.随访1～22年,良性肿瘤患者平均存活时间为10.0年,恶性肿瘤患者平均存活时间为2.1年.结论 对胸内巨大实质性肿瘤患者尽可能采取手术治疗,即使不能彻底根治,术后加用放射治疗也能取得良好疗效.选择正确的麻醉方法与合适切口,结合具体情况采取不同的切除方式和止血方法是成功的关键.     

Early improvements in vision after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for primary optic nerve sheath meningioma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To report on the efficacy and follow-up of 23 patients with primary optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) with fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 23 patients ( = 23 eyes) with ONSM were treated. Indications for primary stereotactic radiotherapy were tumour progression documented by imaging or symptoms (loss of vision, pain). All patients received SCRT with a median dose of 50.4Gy in 6 weeks. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 20 months (1-68 months) a 95% (21 of 22) visual control was seen: vision improved in 16 patients and remained stable in 5. For 13/16 patients improvement was documented already within 1-3 months after SCRT. Vision became worse in one patient. An improvement of pain was observed after radiotherapy in 6 patients as well as of proptosis in 1 patient. For 1 patient pain was persistent after SCRT. In one patient 4 years after SCRT a radiation retinitis and vitreous haemorrhage was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy improves vision, often shortly after treatment, and is thus a viable treatment option for this tumour entity.     

Fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy following conservative surgery in the control of craniopharyngiomas.

PURPOSE: To describe the technique and results of stereotactically guided conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) in patients with craniopharyngioma after conservative surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-nine patients with craniopharyngioma aged 3-68 years (median age 18 years) were treated with SCRT between June 1994 and January 2003. All patients were referred for radiotherapy after undergoing one or more surgical procedures. Treatment was delivered in 30-33 daily fractions over 6-6.5 weeks to a total dose of 50 Gy using 6 MV photons. Outcome was assessed prospectively. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 40 months (range 3-88 months) the 3- and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 97% and 92%, and 3- and 5-year survival 100%. Two patients required further debulking surgery for progressive disease 8 and 41 months after radiotherapy. Twelve patients (30%) had acute clinical deterioration due to cystic enlargement of craniopharyngioma following SCRT and required cyst aspiration. One patient with severe visual impairment prior to radiotherapy had visual deterioration following SCRT. Seven out of 10 patients with a normal pituitary function before SCRT had no endocrine deficits following treatment. CONCLUSION: SCRT as a high-precision technique of localized RT is suitable for the treatment of incompletely excised craniopharyngioma. The local control, toxicity and survival outcomes are comparable to results reported following conventional external beam RT. Longer follow-up is required to assess long-term efficacy and toxicity, particularly in terms of potential reduction in treatment related late toxicity.     

Stage III-IV sinonasal and nasal cavity carcinoma treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To report the dosimetric data and clinical outcomes of patients with advanced neoplasm of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2005, 31 consecutive patients were treated for locally advanced tumors of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. The primary tumor was located as follows: maxillary sinus 15 (48.4%); ethmoid sinus 10 (32.3%); nasal cavity 6 (19.3%). The patients were separated in two groups according to the modality of treatment: group A included 21 patients treated with postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy; group B included 10 patients treated with radical three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The median radiation dose to the planning target volume was 60 Gy (range, 56-63) for patients who underwent complete surgical resection and 68 Gy (range, 64-70) for those who did not have tumor resection or patients with residual disease. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 42 months. Five-year local tumor control and overall survival actuarial rates were 74% and 72%, respectively, in the postoperative setting, 20% and 25%, respectively, with the primary radiotherapy. Local recurrence was the most common site of failure. No patient developed radio-induced blindness; 4 patients underwent enucleation as part of radical surgery. Dosimetric data are reported. CONCLUSIONS: The local control rate for these tumors remains low. The prognosis depends on localization, tumor stage and treatment modality. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy reduces the risk on optical pathways but does not modify outcome.     

Prognostic factors affecting the outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to evaluate patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with multisegmental intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and analyze patient, tumor and treatment characteristics, determining outcome. METHODS: From June 1999 through to April 2003, we treated in our institution 83 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 70 males and 13 females, their ages ranging from 25 to 85 years (median, 48 years). Nineteen patients had T1 tumors, 35 had T2 tumors, six had T3 tumors and 23 had T4 tumors. Sixty-four patients had cervical lymph node metastasis. Twenty patients were treated with radiation therapy alone and 63 patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Cumulative radiation dose to primary tumor ranged from 70.2 to 77.4 Gy (median, 75.6 Gy). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 41.53 months (median, 17 months). RESULTS: Local complete response was achieved in 81 patients (97.5%). Local failure was observed in two patients, nodal failure in one patient and systemic failure in 14 patients. Overall survival, disease-free survival and disease-specific survival were 83, 84 and 93%, respectively, at 1 year, 82, 74 and 88%, respectively, at 2 years and 82, 61 and 88%, respectively, at 3 years. In univariate analysis, T stage of disease was a significant predictor of disease-free survival favoring those with early-stage (T1 + T2) disease (P = 0.040). Cumulative radiation dose to primary tumor was a significant predictor of disease-specific survival favoring those with >75.6 Gy (P = 0.010). Stage of disease (P = 0.007), N-classification (P = 0.046) and cumulative dose to primary tumor (P = 0.046) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: High locoregional control for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was achieved with multisegmental intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Distant metastases are still the main impact on survival. More effective chemotherapy regimens and other systemic agents are needed to decrease the rate of distant metastasis.     

Supraglottic carcinoma: patterns of failure and salvage treatment after curatively intended radiotherapy in 410 consecutive patients

PURPOSE: In a series of consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx, in which almost all were treated by primary radiotherapy, the study describes the path from diagnosis to cure or death, and evaluates the patterns of failure and the treatment of recurrences. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The analysis included 410 patients, 104 females and 306 males, treated between 1963 and 1991. Most patients were in Stage I (33%), and the remaining were in Stage II (18%), III (23%), and IV (26%). Primary intended curative treatment was delivered in 398 (radiotherapy, 394; surgery, 4) of 410 cases (98%). RESULTS: Initial radical treatment resulted in 173 cured patients and 225 patients with a recurrence. Curatively intended salvage could be applied in 158 patients: surgery in 154 patients (74 cured) and radiotherapy in 4 (none cured). Overall, 247 patients (60%) obtained tumor control, 179 (44%) without a laryngectomy. Sixty-three patients had a total laryngectomy, and five had a partial laryngectomy. The 5-year locoregional tumor control, disease-specific survival, and overall survival rates were 43%, 61%, and 47%, respectively. With a follow-up of 20 years posttreatment, 91 new primary malignant tumors were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma, and the patients have a relatively good prognosis. Many patients retained their larynx intact. Recurrence after primary radiotherapy can be treated by surgery, with a high success rate even in advanced stages. Development of second primary cancer is a growing problem.     

时辰化疗联合放疗治疗晚期食管癌

目的探讨时辰化疗联合放疗治疗晚期食管癌的疗效。方法晚期食管癌患者80例,随机分为单纯放疗组（单放组）和时辰化疗联合放疗组（综合组）,两组各40例。时辰化疗方法：顺铂（DDP）联合5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）静脉滴注,DDP20mg／m^2,每日10时至22时给药,5-Fu 500mg／m^2,每日22时至次日10时给药,5d为1个疗程,第29天重复。放疗：综合组肿瘤剂量56～60Gy,照射5～6周;单放组肿瘤剂量64—70Gy,照射6～7周,观察患者治疗的效果及影像改善情况,随访6～20个月。结果综合组和单放组总有效率分别为92．5％（37／40）及75．0％（30／40）,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;综合组和单放组患者1年生存率分别为75．0％（30／40）和52．5％（21／40）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;2年生存率分别为47．5％（19／40）和30．0％（12／40）,差异有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论时辰化疗联合放疗是一种治疗晚期食管癌的有效方法。