甲状旁腺腺瘤的MRI诊断

目的研究甲状旁腺腺瘤的MRI表现,并结合文献复习评价其诊断价值。方法6例经病理证实甲状旁腺腺瘤合并甲状旁腺机能亢进患者均经SE序列T1加权成像和T2加权成像,部分患者还经FL2D T1加权成像及STIR序列成像,以及Gd—DTPA增强扫描。结果研究证实,甲状旁腺腺瘤在T1WI上呈稍低信号,在T2WI上呈高信号;增强扫描呈轻一中度强化。结论MRI能清晰显示甲状旁腺腺瘤的大小、形态、部位及其与周围组织结构的关系,因此,它是诊断本病的最佳方法之一。     

甲状旁腺腺瘤MRI诊断1例

患者男,29岁。因四肢无力两年,伴全身骨痛,骨骼变形半年入院。查体:生命体征平稳,颈部未触及肿块及结节。实验室检查:血钙3.37mmol/L(正常参考值2.2~2.7mmol/L),血磷0.62mmol/L(正常参考值0.7~1.6mmol/L)。24h尿钙5.38mmol/L(正常参考值2.5~7.5mmol/L)。尿磷9·03mmol/L(正常参考值2.2~4.8mmol/L)。X线检查:双手指、胫骨近端内侧骨质疏松,骶髂关节和耻骨联合等处软骨下骨吸收。颈部MRI检查见甲状腺左叶下方一结节影,大小1.12cm×1.73cm×2.11cm,边界清,增强肿块中度强化,早期强化程度弱于甲状腺(图1,2),双侧甲状腺对称,大小、形态未见…     

CT和MRI对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值

报告甲状旁腺腺瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查方法及其表现,评估并比较这两种检查方法对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值。方法４５例共４５个病理证实的甲状旁腺腺瘤术前进行了ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查,其中ＣＴ检查４３例,ＭＲＩ检查７例。结果ＣＴ正确诊断出３７个腺瘤,２７个位于气管－食管旁沟内,１０个为异位腺瘤。     

MRI对肝细胞腺瘤的诊断价值

肝细胞腺瘤(HA)是一种临床上比较少见的肝脏良性肿瘤,本文报告经手术病理证实的4例肝细胞腺瘤(HA),并结合文献分析讨论如下。1材料与方法收集本院2005年12月~2006年3月经手术病理证实的肝细胞腺瘤(HA)4例,均为男性,年龄33~52岁,平均42.5岁。4例患者AFP(甲胎蛋白)、CEA(癌胚抗原)和CA19-9(糖链抗原)均无增高表现。使用Siemens Sonata 1.5T超导型磁共振扫描仪,采用体线圈。扫描序列:平扫横断位采用快速小角度激发成像序列,(FL2D)T1WI加脂肪抑制(FS)和单次激发半傅立叶采集快速自旋回波序列(HASTE)T2WI;冠状位采用真正稳态下的快…     

彩色多普勒对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值

在甲状旁腺亢进的病人中有80%～90%有甲状旁腺腺瘤,甲状旁腺腺瘤可分泌大量的甲状旁腺激素(PTH),引起高钙血症,危害极大.为探讨彩色多普勒超声对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值,现将我院2001-2008年检查的11例甲状旁腺腺瘤结果报告如下.     

甲状旁腺腺瘤MSCT和MRI影像诊断

目的探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和MRI表现,并评估两种检查方法对甲状旁腺腺瘤诊断的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的48例甲状旁腺腺瘤的影像学资料,其中30例行CT平扫及增强检查,14例仅行CT平扫,5例行MRI平扫及CT平扫和(或)强化检查,4例仅行MRI平扫检查。结果 48例均为单发病灶,其中42例(87.5%)位于甲状腺下极气管-食管旁沟;6例(12.5%)为异位腺瘤。CT平扫,28例腺瘤呈均匀软组织密度,16例腺瘤密度不均匀,其内见低密度坏死区。MRI平扫,6例腺瘤呈均匀软组织信号,3例腺瘤内见长T2信号区。CT增强早期,30例腺瘤实体部分明显强化,但强化程度低于颈部大血管,晚期强化程度减低,但大血管强化程度的下降更为明显,两者之间的密度差逐渐减小。结论 MSCT可以清晰显示肿瘤的部位、大小、形态和质地。     

CT对甲状旁腺腺瘤的定位诊断价值

CT对原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进时增大的甲状旁腺术前定位诊断的敏感性文献报道为33～88%,平均为56%.因为大多数报道来自80年代初,所以使用分辨能力明显改善的现代扫描机可能提高其敏感性.本研究的目的在于研究CT对近几年我院病例的诊断价值.     

肝细胞腺瘤CT与MRI的诊断价值

目的 分析肝细胞腺瘤(HCA)的CT、MRI特征性表现.方法 收集本院行CT、MRI检查并经病理证实的11例HCA患者,对所有研究对象的影像学特征进行回顾性分析比较.结果 11例中共发现18个病灶,CT平扫时均表现为低或稍低密度,其中2个病灶内可见不规则高密度区.而病灶的CT值在动脉期显著高于正常肝组织,且存在统计学差异(P<0.05).MRI扫描时2个病灶T1WI呈低或稍低信号,16个病灶呈稍高信号;14个病灶T2WI呈高信号,4个病灶呈低信号;动态增强扫描,动脉期所有病灶呈显著强化;17个病灶见假包膜强化.DWI扫描测量18个病灶,病灶的ADC值大于正常肝实质的ADC值.结论 CT三期动脉增强扫描定量分析结合MRI扫描及ADC值测量对HCA有一定鉴别诊断价值.     

Diagnostic value of gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for parotid gland tumors

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the value of gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for differentiating benign and malignant parotid gland tumors, and for characterizing the various histological types.

Patients and methods

Non-enhanced T1-weighted (T1-W), fat-suppressed T2-weighted (T2-W), and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed dynamic T1-weighted images were obtained preoperatively in 27 patients (28 parotid gland tumors), by using a 1.5 or 3 T MR imaging unit (GE, Signa Exite). The tumor margins and the enhancement curve patterns on dynamic MR imaging were analyzed. All patients underwent a parotidectomy with histopathologic analysis.

Results

Pleomorphic adenomas depict a gradual enhancement pattern. Warthin’s tumors depict an early peak of enhancement and a high washout pattern. Malignant tumors depict an early peak of enhancement and a low washout pattern.

Conclusion

Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging improved the performance of MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant parotid gland tumors and characterizing the different histological types of benign tumors.     

多层螺旋CT对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实为甲状旁腺腺瘤的CT及临床资料。结果：10例甲状旁腺腺瘤均起源于下甲状旁腺,右侧4例,左侧6例,均位于气管食管沟内。肿瘤大小约0.9cm×1.0cm～3.0cm×8.0cm,呈圆形或卵圆形,边缘光滑完整。平扫肿瘤呈等密度,较正常甲状腺为低密度。增强后10例肿瘤均有不同程度强化,但均较周围血管密度及正常甲状腺密度低,增强后肿瘤呈均匀强化者8例,坏死不均匀强化者2例。结论：MSCT增强及三维重建检查可准确显示甲状旁腺腺瘤的部位、形态、大小及其与周围结构的关系,对临床手术有重要的指导意义。     

甲状旁腺腺瘤的临床影像分析

目的:探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤的CT和MR表现,提高对其认识水平。方法:回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的甲状旁腺腺瘤患者的临床、CT和MR资料。结果:10例甲状旁腺腺瘤,6例起源于下甲状旁腺,3例起源于上甲状旁腺,均位于气管食管旁沟内,1例起源于异位甲状旁腺。肿瘤最大径为1.0~4.0cm,平均2.8cm。肿瘤呈圆形或卵圆形、边缘清楚的结节或肿块影,6例CT表现为等密度,4例MR表现为T1WI低信号或等信号,T2WI等信号或高信号。8例轻至中度强化,2例明显强化。6例强化均匀,4例强化不均匀。7例有全身广泛性骨质疏松,其中3例合并棕色瘤。结论:CT和MR易于检出甲状旁腺腺瘤,可准确显示其部位、形态、大小及与周围组织的关系,并对多数腺瘤作出定性诊断,对临床诊治具有重要价值。     

Diagnostic value of the fast-FLAIR sequence in MR imaging of intracranial tumors

The aim of this study was to quantify imaging characteristics of fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence in brain tumors compared with T1-postcontrast- and T2-sequences. Fast-FLAIR-, T2 fast spin echo (FSE)-, and T1 SE postcontrast images of 74 patients with intracranial neoplasms were analyzed. Four neuroradiologists rated signal intensity and inhomogeneity of the tumor, rendering of cystic parts, demarcation of the tumor vs brain, of the tumor vs edema and of brain vs edema, as well as the presence of motion and of other artifacts. Data analysis was performed for histologically proven astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and meningiomas, for tumors with poor contrast enhancement, and for all patients pooled. Only for tumors with poor contrast enhancement (n = 12) did fast FLAIR provide additional information about the lesion. In these cases, signal intensity, demarcation of the tumor vs brain, and differentiation of the tumor vs edema were best using fast FLAIR. In all cases, rendering of the tumor's inner structure was poor. For all other tumor types, fast FLAIR did not give clinically relevant information, the only exception being a better demarcation of the edema from brain tissue. Artifacts rarely interfered with evaluation of fast-FLAIR images. Thus, fast FLAIR cannot replace T2-weighted series. It provides additional information only in tumors with poor contrast enhancement. It is helpful for defining the exact extent of the edema of any tumor but gives little information about their inner structure. Received: 8 January 1999; Revised: 16 August 1999; Accepted: 17 August 1999     

Diagnostic value of combined versus individual MRI parameters in distinguishing adenomatous from non-adenomatous adrenal lesions in cancer patients

Purpose

Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI using different parameters in differentiation of adenomas versus non-adenomas adrenal lesions.

Materials and methods

Forty-five patients with 48 adrenal masses (28 lipid rich adenomas, 3 lipid poor adenomas, 15 metastases and 2 lymphoma) were retrospectively evaluated with MRI. The mean diameter of adrenal mass, T2WI signal, signal drop on chemical shift imaging (CSI) and enhancement pattern were assessed separately and in various combinations. Accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, PPV, NPV and P values by Chi-square test were calculated for individual and combined parameters.

Results

Signal drop on CSI and enhancement pattern were the most statistically significant diagnostic discriminators of adenomatous and non-adenomatous lesions with accuracies, specificities and sensitivities of 93.8%, 90.3%, 100% and 91.7%, 93.5%, 88.2%, respectively (P-value <0.0001). The best performance of a combination of parameters was obtained after exclusion of the size, with an accuracy of 89.6% (P-value <0.0001).

Conclusion

The most specific predictors for adrenal mass characterization were CSI signal drop and Gd-DTPA enhancement characteristics. Combining the MR parameters did not prove superior to those two individual parameters, however it yielded a valuable diagnostic protocol for distinguishing the adrenal masses, considering that size criterion should not be used as an individual discriminator.     

磁共振DWI及动态增强扫描在前列腺疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)在前列腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的20例前列腺癌及31例前列腺增生(BPH)患者进行了MR常规扫描、DWI和DCE-MRI扫描,测量病变的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,观察病灶常规MRI、DWI和动态增强MRI特征,绘制信号强度-时间曲线(SI-T曲线),SI-T曲线分成3型:Ⅰ型为信号强度早期增高后仍持续增高;Ⅱ型为信号强度早期增高后出现平台期;Ⅲ型为信号强度早期增高后出现下降期。经方差分析比较不同组织和病灶间差异。结果经DCE-MRI检查,20例前列腺癌患者中17例病灶区呈Ⅲ型曲线,2例呈Ⅱ型曲线,1例呈Ⅰ型曲线;31例前列腺增生患者中26例呈Ⅰ型曲线,4例呈Ⅱ型曲线,1例呈Ⅲ型曲线。前列腺癌组与BPH组的SI-T曲线类型分布的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。20例前列腺癌病灶于DWI上为高信号,于ADC图上呈明显低信号,ADC值为(1.18±0.08)×10-3 mm2/s,未被癌组织侵及的外围叶于DWI、ADC图上均呈等信号,ADC值为(2.67±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s;31例前列腺增生患者中央叶和外围叶于DWI、ADC图上均呈等信号,ADC值分别为(1.87±0.07)×10-3 mm2/s、(2.64±0.11)×10-3mm2/s。除前列腺增生的外围叶与未被癌组织侵及的外围叶之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,前列腺增生、前列腺癌、前列腺增生的外围叶和未被癌组织侵及的外围叶各组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DCE-MRI和DWI联合应用在前列腺癌诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确度均达80%以上。结论 DCE-MRI、DWI在前列腺癌和前列腺增生中具有特征性影像学表现,2种方法联合应用提高了MRI诊断前列腺癌的诊断和分期准确率。     

MR化学位移成像诊断肾上腺腺瘤的研究

目的：研究MRI对肾上腺肿瘤的定性诊断价值。方法：对23个肾上腺腺瘤和35个其他肾上腺占位性病变的患者行SE序列T1WI、快速自旋回波（TSE）序列T2WI和化学位移成像（CSI）序列扫描。肿物直径8-92mm。计算并比较肿物与肝脏、脾脏和水模在反相位和同相位上的信号比值变化。结果：腺瘤组有20/23的病例肿物-脾脏信号比（ASR）＜0.59,而基人他占位性病变ASR均大于0.73。MR CSI序列诊断肾上腺腺瘤的敏感性为87%,特异性为100%。结论：MR化学位移成像对肾上腺腺瘤的定性诊断具有重要价值。     

磁共振动态增强、扩散加权成像联合应用对乳腺病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨单一磁共振动态增强扫描诊断试验、扩散加权成像诊断试验及其联合应用对乳腺病变定性诊断的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比,比较其诊断效能。方法：对临床拟诊肿块的患者37例,同时进行动态增强扫描和扩散加权成像检查,均获得手术和病理证实,其中良性病灶18个,恶性病灶19个。对病变的边缘、形态特征、动态增强表现及时间一信号强度曲线采用评分法对病变性质分恶性、可疑恶性及良性三组进行判断。参照动态增强病变位置确定扩散图像病变所在,描记扩散图像上病变的感兴趣区,由软件计算获得表观扩散系数（ADC）值。对获取数据进行统计分析,采用t检验统计学方法进行良性和恶性ADC值比较。联合动态增强扫描和ADC值,采用评分法根据积分情况进行综合定性诊断。比较动态增强扫描、DWI ADC值及联合应用对乳腺病变定性诊断效能。结果：动态增强扫描（病灶边缘、形态学表现结合时间-信号强度曲线）诊断乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为89．5％、72．2％和3．221、0．146。良性病变组ADC值1．474±0．441（×100^-3mm^2／s）,恶性病变组ADC值1．082±0．160（×10^-3mm^2／s）,两者间有显著统计学差异（P=0．002,〈0．05）。ADC值诊断敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为94．7％、66．7％和2．842、0．079。动态增强扫描和DWI-ADC值联合诊断的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为94．7％、83．3％和5．684、0．063。结论：磁共振动态增强、扩散加权成像联合应用对乳腺病变的定性诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比均较单一动态增强扫描或扩散成像诊断效能强。