1例脊肌萎缩症伴脊柱侧凸患儿后路脊柱矫形术的麻醉护理配合

对1例脊肌萎缩症伴脊柱侧凸患儿全麻下行后路脊柱矫形术,患儿手术成功,恢复良好,顺利出院.麻醉护理配合经验:术前充分的病情和气道评估,做好困难气道物品准备及气管插管护理配合,手术体位摆放、术中体温保护及唤醒试验的护理配合,以及术后气管导管拔除护理.     

全脊柱截骨矫正严重后凸畸形

[目的]探讨全脊柱截骨矫正脊柱后凸的治疗经验。[方法]全脊柱截骨加椎弓根钉内固定系统闭合及植骨矫正脊柱后凸。[结果]于1984～2005年采用上述方法治疗50例病人。术后全组病例均未发生脊髓损伤，术后临床症状得到不同程度的改善。经历2～15a平均2．4a随访，X线CT复查示螺钉位置良好，无松动断钉。植骨3个月后均达到满意融合。[结论]经全脊柱截骨加有效的内固定手术不仅手术视野开阔操作安全方便；而且截骨和内固定相结合同时完成，是治疗脊柱后凸目前更完善并不断改进一种好方法。     

成人严重先天性脊柱侧凸手术治疗1例报道

先天性脊柱侧凸的手术治疗与特发性脊柱侧凸在治疗策略上有所不同,治疗效果亦较差。如进入成年期则治疗更加困难。我们收治1例,报道如下。患者女性,23岁,大学学生。因发现脊柱畸形20年入院。患者家族中无遗传疾病史,同胞姐姐未见任何畸形,年龄相差1岁。查体:前冲步态,行走不稳,全身无异常毛发,皮肤无色素沉着,颈短,后发际低,正面观胸椎向右侧凸,侧面观胸椎向前凸,颈椎活动度受限,四肢感觉运动正常。身高144cm,坐高69cm,双侧Hoffmann征(-),双侧Babinski征(-)。X线及三维CT成像检查示C1/2半脱位,C3~C7椎体融合,C7半椎体畸形,颈段椎体左侧…     

胸椎特发性脊柱侧凸的前后路手术对照临床研究

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）是一种复杂的脊柱畸形,运用三维矫形理论与技术治疗AIS的目的就是纠正脊柱的三维畸形,达到冠状面矫形、矢状面恢复生理曲度和轴位消除旋转。1998年1月～2005年1月作者先后采用后入路、经胸入路及胸腔镜下手术治疗胸椎脊柱侧凸33例,通过回顾性分析对三种手术进行比较。     

脊柱良性成骨细胞瘤引起疼痛性脊柱侧凸畸形的临床诊治

目的：探讨脊柱良性成骨细胞瘤所致疼痛性脊柱侧凸的诊断与外科治疗。方法：对临床诊治的3例脊柱良性成骨细胞瘤合并疼痛性脊柱侧凸畸形病例的症状学、影像学表现、治疗效果及随访资料进行回顾和总结，并复习相关文献。结果：所有患者术后腰背痛症状消失，随访6～24个月，平均14个月，无一例肿瘤复发，继发的脊柱侧凸都得到了良好的矫形。结论：脊柱良性成骨细胞瘤引起疼痛性脊柱侧凸一旦确诊，应立即手术切除，无需术后化疗与放疗，继发的脊柱侧凸多为功能性侧凸，不需额外矫形，若为结构性脊柱侧凸，可按脊柱侧凸的矫形原理进行侧凸矫形术。     

综合征性脊柱侧凸的诊治

综合征性脊柱侧凸常伴有全身多处发育异常或畸形,是相对罕见的脊柱三维畸形.致病原因包括结缔组织病、代谢及内分泌疾病、神经肌源性疾病、骨软骨发育不良、骨骼系统发育异常、神经系统发育异常、多系统发育异常、神经纤维瘤病以及舒尔曼病等.综合征性脊柱侧凸的诊断与治疗是临床工作中的难点.本文通过结缔组织病合并脊柱侧凸、代谢及内分泌疾...     

脊肌萎缩症伴脊柱侧凸患儿全麻下后路脊柱矫形术一例

脊肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atropht,SMA)引起的脊柱侧凸畸形与特发性脊柱侧凸相比累及椎体更多、更难进行矫形内固定,术中更易出现大出血、肌无力、肌纤维化以及脊柱畸形可导致心、肺功能障碍,围术期并发症发生的可能性大。目前,该类患者的麻醉管理尚无明确的指南。本院近期成功完成了一例SMA手术麻醉,现将处理体会报道如下。     

儿童脊柱畸形的支具治疗

目的：探讨应用矫形支具治疗各种儿童脊柱畸形的临床效果及意义。方法：对本院1998年1月-2001年5月采用热塑支具治疗或辅助治疗的138例脊柱畸形患儿进行分组观察分析，包括特发性脊柱侧凸94例、先天性脊柱侧凸29例、脊柱后凸6例、脊柱结核7例、外伤性脊柱侧弯2例。结果：全部病儿均经过2～4年的随访，绝大多数有不同程度的畸形矫正，基本上达到矫治的预期目的。结论：由于儿童的病理及生理特点，支具对各种脊柱畸形均有不同程度的矫正作用，可有效地控制早期脊柱侧凸的发展，甚至可以避免手术或减轻手术患者侧凸的严重程度以及手术难度，减少并发症的发生。     

严重脊柱侧后凸畸形头盆环支撑牵引预治疗31例体会

从1998年10月至2003年5月，我院骨科利用头盆环支撑牵引后行脊柱后路手术治疗严重脊柱侧后凸31例获得满意疗效。头盆环支撑牵引作为脊柱后路手术矫形的前期治疗，在治疗的全过程中有着重要的意义，故本引用“预治疗”的概念，称其为“头盆环支撑牵引预治疗”。现将治疗体会总结如下。     

脊柱截骨矫形技术治疗成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形37例分析

[目的]探讨脊柱截骨矫形技术治疗成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形的疗效。[方法]选择本院2014年1月~2016年3月收治的37例成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形患者,临床均给予脊柱截骨矫形技术治疗。术后1年,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)对疼痛变化进行评价;利用生活质量评分量表(SF-36量表)对生活质量进行评价;利用Oswestry功能障碍指数量表(ODI量表)对功能恢复情况进行评价;测量术前、术后脊柱相关影像学参数变化和矢状面平衡等相关参数变化;统计术后并发症的发生情况。[结果]手术用时225~521 min,平均356 min;术中出血量950~1150 ml,平均1 100 ml,术后切口均一期愈合。术后1年,患者ODI评分、VAS、SF-36评分明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。术后1年,矢状面胸椎后凸Cobb角、胸腰段前凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸Cobb角、最大后凸Cobb角、C7PL-CSVL和SVA均明显低于术前(P<0.05)。术后无感染、神经损伤等并发症出现,随访期间1例患者出现螺钉置钉不良、1例老年患者因意外损伤导致骨折,并发症发生率为5.4%。[结论]脊柱截骨矫形手术治疗成人复杂脊柱侧后凸畸形,能够有效缓解疼痛,重建脊柱序列及三维立体面平衡,矫正脊柱生理弯曲,改善患者生活质量,值得临床推广。     

Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma: report of one case

Neurological symptoms of tuberculosis are rare, even if there this pathology has been on the rise for a number of years because of HIV. Intramedullary tuberculoma is an exceptional location. We report the case of a patient with no HIV or immunodepression symptoms with intramedullary tuberculoma, revealed by a clinical presentation of insidious onset of myelopathy. We will discuss the diagnosis, treatment and clinical functional follow-up. The optimal treatment seems to be a combination of microsurgical resection and antibiotic therapy.     

The impact of the lordosis distribution index on failure after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity

BACKGROUND CONTEXTProximal junctional failure (PFJ) is a common and dreaded complication of adult spinal deformity. Previous research has identified parameters associated with the development of PJF and the search for radiographic and clinical variables continues in an effort to decrease the incidence of PFJ. The lordosis distribution index (LDI) is a parameter not based on pelvic incidence. Ideal values for LDI have been established in prior literature with demonstrated association with PJF.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study is compare PJF and mechanical failure rates between patients with ideal and nonideal LDI cohort.STUDY DESIGNThis is a retrospective, single-center case-controlled study.PATIENT SAMPLEAdult patients who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity as defined by the SRS-Schwab criteria between 2001 and 2016 were included. Furthermore, fusion constructs spanned at least four vertebral segments with the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) T9 or caudal. Patients who were under the age of 18, those with radiographic data less than 1 year, and those with neoplastic or trauma etiologies were excluded. Prior thoracolumbar spine surgery was not an exclusion criterion.OUTCOME MEASURESThe outcome measures were physiologic in nature: The primary outcome was defined as PFJ. The International Spine Study Group (ISSG) definition for PJF was used, which includes postoperative fracture of the UIV or UIV+1, instrumentation failure at UIV, PJA increase greater than 15° from preoperative baseline or extension of the construct needed within 6 months. Secondary outcomes included extension of the construct after 6 months or revision due to instrumentation failure, pseudarthrosis or distal junctional failure.METHODSA portion of this project was funded through National Institute of Health Grant 5UL1TR001067-05. The authors have no conflict of interest related to this study. The records of patients meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Clinical and radiographic data were extracted and analyzed. Univariate cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with mechanical failure and included in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSThere were 187 patients that met the inclusion criteria. Univariate analysis demonstrated the number of levels fused, instrumentation to the sacrum or pelvis, PI-LL difference between pre- and postoperative states, T1-SPI, T9-SPI, and postoperative LDI (treated as a continuous variable). When LDI was treated as a categorical variable using an LDI cutoff of less than 0.5 for hypolordotic, 0.5 to 0.8 for aligned and greater than 0.8 for hyperlordotic, there was no difference in failure rates between the two groups.CONCLUSIONSLumbar lordosis is an important parameter in adult deformity. However, the LDI is an imperfect variable and previously developed categories did not show differences in failure rates in this cohort.     

The association of spinal osteoarthritis with lumbar lordosis

Background  

Careful review of published evidence has led to the postulate that the degree of lumbar lordosis may possibly influence the development and progression of spinal osteoarthritis, just as misalignment does in other joints. Spinal degeneration can ensue from the asymmetrical distribution of loads. The resultant lesions lead to a domino- like breakdown of the normal morphology, degenerative instability and deviation from the correct configuration. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a relationship exists between the sagittal alignment of the lumbar spine, as it is expressed by lordosis, and the presence of radiographic osteoarthritis.     

A rare case of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following spinal surgery

Spinal surgery-associated rhabdomyolysis, although rare, is a life-threatening condition. Presented here is the case of a middle-aged, overweight man who underwent posterior lumbar surgery because of pain and neurogenic claudication. His postoperative course was complicated by the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis. Despite adequate treatment, acute renal failure developed as a sequela. His condition was grave enough to require the administration of intermittent hemodialysis. After a prolonged hospitalization and 5 sessions of hemodialysis, the patient achieved a full recovery. In view of the fact that rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure is associated with a mortality rate of 20-50%, the outcome was favorable.