多层螺旋CT增强扫描在不典型肝脓肿诊断的价值

目的分析不典型肝脓肿的螺旋CT动态增强表现及病理基础,探讨其诊断价值。材料与方法回顾性总结分析经临床、病理证实或随访确诊的16例不典型肝脓肿(细菌性)的多层螺旋CT表现特征。结果 16例肝脓肿在CT平扫时病灶边缘及内部结构均为较模糊的低密度影。三期增强扫描可见:(1)动脉期,病灶周边肝段强化略明显,病灶内均可见分隔强化所形成的"簇状征",从中央向周边放射分布改变。(2)门脉期,"簇状征"或"蜘蛛网隔征"、"蜂窝征"明显显示。(3)平衡期,病灶边缘及内分隔持续强化,病灶范围较增强前趋于缩小。结论不典型肝脓肿运用多层螺旋CT三期动态增强扫描具有特征性表现,有较高的诊断正确率,在比较影像学上选择应用价值高。     

多层螺旋CT对肝脓肿的诊断价值

目的探讨肝脓肿的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。方法对76例肝脓肿患者均采用16层螺旋CT机完成平扫、动脉期和门脉期扫描。结果 76例患者中,同时见分隔和分层26例,仅有分隔26例,仅有分层8例,仅显示低密度灶而无分隔或分层8例,病灶内含气体8例。一过性异常高灌注有38例。明确诊断或倾向性较强诊断68例（89.5%）,所有含气体的、有环提征的、同时有分隔和（或）分层显示的以及有一过性异常灌注的病灶均正确诊断为肝脓肿;仅显示低密度灶而无分隔或分层8例未能提示诊断,且未见一过性异常灌注,病灶相对均较小,未超过5 cm。结论多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断肝脓肿具有特征性,对提高肝脓肿的诊断有重要价值。     

肝脓肿的CT诊断及临床鉴别

目的:分析肝脓肿的CT特征性表现。方法:选取2015年7月~2017年4月我院38例肝脓肿患者,均经手术病理、穿刺病理或临床抗炎治疗后证实,均行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,分析典型性肝脓肿与不典型性肝脓肿CT形态学特征。结果:(1)分布及大小:肝右叶26例,肝左叶12例;病灶单发27例,多发10例,弥漫分布1例;病灶直径(6.51±2.62)cm;(2)典型性肝脓肿(21例)特征:CT平扫表现:呈圆形、类圆形、大小不等的囊样低密度影,其中双靶征12例,低密度影中出现少量气体5例,多房型病变2例,有宽大气液平面2例;增强扫描表现:病灶中心分隔,脓肿壁不同程度环状强化,病灶周边"单环征"5例,"双环征"13例,"三环征"2例;(3)不典型肝脓肿(17例)特征:CT平扫表现:肝内低密度占位,病灶密度不均匀,边缘模糊不清;增强CT表现:"肿块缩小征","边缘强化征","簇状征","延时强化征"。结论:CT扫描可全面了解肝脓肿病灶数量、分布、大小等情况。通过CT增强扫描可显示典型性肝脓肿及不典型肝脓肿多个特征性影像学表现,有助于肝脓肿早期诊断及不典型肝脓肿鉴别。     

肝血管瘤的CT影像学分析

56例肝血管瘤患者(共63个病灶)均行CT平扫及三期增强扫描。造影剂注射结束后20s行动脉期扫描,60s行静脉期扫描,3～10min行延迟扫描。结果平扫CT图像上所有病例均表现为低密度或略低密度影,边界较清楚。增强扫描动脉期大部分病灶呈周边强化,门脉期造影剂逐渐像中心扩展,延迟期病灶被部分或全部充填。造影剂"快进慢出"或"慢进慢出"是肝血管瘤的典型CT表现,具有较高的诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT平扫及多期增强扫描在肝脏局灶性结节增生诊断中的应用价值

选择本院经病理证实的肝脏局灶性结节增生患者24例的临床及影像资料,全部患者行多层螺旋CT平扫及多期增强扫描,总结其影像特征。结果 CT平扫显示均为单发病灶,呈圆形或类圆形,边缘清晰,呈等或低密度表现。增强扫描动脉期病灶呈明显强化(13例均匀强化,11例不均匀强化,16例患者病灶中可见增粗的肝血供动脉);门脉期病灶均呈略高或等密度灶;延迟期病灶呈等或低密度灶(20例呈等密度灶,4例呈低密度灶)。病灶中心瘢痕呈逐渐延迟强化。多层螺旋CT平扫及多期增强扫描可清晰显示肝脏局灶性结节增生病灶形态及密度情况,对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要作用。     

多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描诊断早期细菌性肝脓肿30例分析

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT四期增强扫描对早期细菌性肝脓肿的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例早期细菌性肝脓肿的病例资料,行CT平扫及四期增强扫描或五期增强扫描。结果:早期细菌性肝脓肿多见于细菌性肝脓肿的化脓性炎症期或脓肿形成初期,平扫呈多房性低密度肿块,边界多不清晰,增强后可见典型征象。结论:早期细菌性肝脓肿多层螺旋CT动态四期增强后可显示特征性表现,大大提高了早期细菌性肝脓肿的诊断准确性。     

多层螺旋CT三期增强扫描在诊断肝脓肿中的价值

目的：探讨肝脓肿多层螺旋CT三期增强扫描的表现和诊断价值。方法：回顾分析经临床或病理证实的30例肝脓肿的动态增强各期CT表现,所有患者均进行了肝动脉期、门脉期和实质期肝脏3期动态增强cT检查。结果：30例肝脓肿中,病灶位于肝左叶7例,肝右叶21例,左右叶均有2例。典型肝脓肿12例,表现为环靶征,中心均为低密度影并含气体;不典型肝脓肿18例,其中13例表现为蜂窝状,并有持续强化征、边缘锐利征等5例出现一过性肝段性强化。结论：多层螺旋CT3期增强扫描诊断肝脓肿具有特征性,对提高肝脓肿的诊断率和鉴别诊断均有重要价值。     

肝脓肿CT诊断及鉴别诊断的探讨

目的:探讨肝脓肿的CT征象及其特征性表现,提高肝脓肿诊断的正确率。材料与方法:回顾性分析经手术或临床证实的细菌性肝脓肿32例的CT表现;所收集病例均行CT平扫和动态增强扫描。结果:32例CT平扫病灶均表现为低密度,增强扫描脓肿壁表现为双环强化征18例,三环强化征3例,表现为分隔强化8例;表现边缘强化征19例。结论:CT扫描尤其是动态增强扫描对肝脓肿具有较高的诊断价值,CT扫描能准确显示肝脓肿的部位,且其CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床有助于肝脓肿的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

肝巨海绵状血管瘤的螺旋CT表现及评价

目的 研究肝巨海绵状血管瘤的螺旋CT表现并进行评价。方法 对经手术及病理证实的肝巨海绵状血管瘤的病人30例共32个病灶的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果 平扫21个病灶瘤内为均匀性低密度，11个病灶在低密度瘤灶内可见有更低密度区。增强后动脉期扫描32个病灶均出现边缘部强化，门脉期强化范围由边缘向中央部扩大，延迟期6min有4个病灶呈全瘤均匀性强化，28个病灶呈全瘤大部分强化。结论 肝巨海绵状血管瘤的螺旋CT三期增强扫描表现具有特异性，根据此特点，可以与肝脏的其他常见占位性病变鉴别。     

肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的:探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangio～cinoma IPCC)的CT影像特征,加深对肝内胆管细胞癌的认识。材料与方法:回顾性分析27例肝内胆管细胞癌CT平扫和增强扫描表现,全部病例经手术病理证实。结果:CT平扫多数为低密度或等密度,多数病例呈类圆形或不规则形低密度,病灶周围或病灶内可见胆管扩张,病灶所在肝叶萎缩。增强扫描早期呈无或轻度强化,延迟扫描内部有不均匀片状、分隔状不同程度强化。结论:胆管细胞癌的CT表现及好发部位具有一定的特征性,可以和肝内其它占位性病变鉴别,其中又以螺旋CT多期增强扫描的强化特征具有较高的诊断价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.