采用个体化手术方式治疗高血压脑出血临床对比研究

高血压性脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)是神经外科常见疾病,其病死率、致残率较高,目前随着手术治疗HICH的普遍开展,已大大降低了患者的死亡率及致残率[1],我院自2004年6月至2007年5月采用传统开颅手术治疗HICH 183例,2007年6月至2011年6月采用个体化手术方式治疗HICH317例,对两阶段不同处理方式的治疗效果总结如下。     

不同手术方法治疗高血压脑出血的前瞻性研究

高血压脑出血（Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH）是我们临床上常见的急重症,外科手术是治疗HICH最重要的手段之一。虽然国内外手术治疗HICH的方法较多,至今也无统计学意义的研究表明,哪种治疗方法和在什么情况下实行才是最好的。我们从2003年1月～2006年10月通过三医院联合协作,应用前瞻性随机对照方法观察直视下开颅血肿清除术和钻孔血肿引流术对HICH患者预后生存质量的影响,报道如下。[第一段]     

高血压脑出血内镜手术治疗进展

高血压脑出血（hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH）发病率高,具有高致残率、高死亡率和高经济负担的特点[1].Auer于80年代初发表内镜下血肿清除手术的报告[2],证明内镜治疗脑出血的有效性,为HICH的治疗提供了新的微创手术方法.1999年上海华山医院在国内首先报道神经内镜手术治疗HICH.近年来内镜清除高血压脑内血肿越来越受到人们的关注,现对HICH内镜手术的现状和进展做如下综述。     

硬通道微创治疗高血压性脑出血160例报告

外科手术是治疗高血压性脑出血(HICH)的有效方法,随着微创手术的不断进步,各种微创手术正成为治疗高血压性脑出血的主流。我院自2004年1月～2011年1月对160例手术指征明确的HICH采用硬通道微创治疗,取得满意效果,现报告     

脑室镜辅助治疗高血压脑出血21例临床观察

高血压脑出血（hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH）为神经外科常见疾病之一,如不及时治疗,病死率高。重庆三峡中心医院神经外科自2007年9月至2009年5月采用脑室镜辅助下血肿清除术治疗HICH21例,与常规开颅手术相比,疗效满意,现报道如下。     

高血压性脑出血的微侵袭外科治疗

高血压性脑出血(Hypertensiveintracerebralhemorrhage,HICH)是一种常见的高致残率和高死亡率的疾病,随着神经外科和影像技术的发展,微侵袭神经外科治疗已逐渐成为高血压性脑出血的重要治疗方法。本文从介绍神经导航系统和内窥镜的特点入手,着重阐明了两者在HICH外科治疗方面的临床应用,从而总结出HICH的微侵袭外科治疗原则和方法,使先进的技术能够更好的应用到HICH的临床治疗中。     

CT定位结合B超导向穿刺引流治疗高血压临界点血肿

微创手术治疗高血压脑出血（HICH）是目前临床研究的热点，我院自2004年1月～2007年1月对158例HICH处于临界点血肿的患者分别予以CT定位结合B超导向钻颅穿刺抽吸引流术及内科保守治疗，现报告如下。     

早期高压氧治疗对高血压性脑出血患者预后的影响

<正>高血压性脑出血(HICH)主要治疗以手术为主,但出血导致的周围脑组织损害也会引起患者神经功能缺失。研究[1]表明,高压氧治疗有助于神经功能恢复,改善神经功能状态。本研究通过术后早期辅助高压氧治疗HICH患者,探讨其对预后的影响。1对象与方法1.1对象系2011年5月~2014年5月于本院行钻孔引流或开颅血肿清除术的HICH患者50例,均符合全国脑血管疾     

高血压脑出血引发缺血-再灌注损伤机制的再认识

高血压脑出血(Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)的治疗一直以来是临床非常棘手的问题。HICH引发的缺血-再灌注损伤机制复杂多样,几乎伴随整个临床治疗过程。临床上对HICH缺血-再灌注损伤机制的认识较模糊,致使在治疗上进入盲区。近年来,学者们做了大量关于HICH引发缺血再灌注损伤机制的研究,主要包括自由基、钙超载、免疫炎症反应、NO失调控及兴奋性氨基酸毒性等损伤机制,为临床有效治疗提供了新思路和理论依据。     

高血压脑出血微创手术治疗的研究现状

高血压脑出血(HICH)占所有住院卒中病人的10%～30%,病死率和致残率均很高。近年来,微创血肿清除术兴起后,在HICH治疗中得到广泛应用。本文从基础研究、手术病例选择、常用术式和常见纤溶剂等角度,对HICH的微侵袭手术治疗现状进行综述。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -