共聚焦显微内镜下Barrett食管上皮的分布特点

目的 探讨共聚焦显微内镜下Barrett食管(BE)上皮类型的分布特点.方法 选取胃镜检查疑诊为BE的112例患者纳入研究,对食管下段柱状上皮进行共聚焦内镜检查,实时预测BE上皮类型、判断肠上皮化生的累及范围,随后对所检查部位黏膜行活组织病理检查,分析普通内镜和共聚焦显微内镜表现与病理组织学诊断结果的关系.结果 共计94例患者被确诊为BE,普通内镜下以岛型最为常见(54.3％),短段BE比例显著高于长段BE(86.2％比13.8％),共聚焦显微内镜下可分辨特殊肠上皮化生、贲门腺和胃底腺上皮,其准确度分别为94.7％、89.4％和91.5％.靶向活组织病理检查发现长段BE中的肠上皮化生比例(9/13)高于短段BE(33.3％,x2=4.684,P=0.039),环周型和舌型BE的肠上皮化生比例(11/17和65.4％)均显著高于岛型(15.7％,x2值分别=15.217和19.399,P值均＜0.01).短段BE与长段BE间,岛型、环周型和舌型BE间的肠上皮化生范围均无明显差异.结论 共聚焦显微内镜可准确分辨BE上皮的组织类型,镜下形态以岛型多见,但环周型和舌型的肠上皮化生比例更高,长段BE中的肠上皮化生比例高于短段BE.     

长、短节段Barrett食管胃镜表现与病理特征对比分析

目的 探讨长、短节段Barrett食管胃镜表现和病理特征的异同.方法 回顾分析128例经胃镜和病理学诊断确诊的Barrett食管,其中长节段Barrett食管（LSBE）40例,短节段Barrett食管（SSBE）88例,重点分析两者在年龄分布、性别构成、胃镜表现及病理诊断的异同点.数据行t检验及u检验.结果LSBE组与SSBE组在年龄分布、性别构成上无差异（P＞0.05）.胃镜下LSBE组以全周型最多见,占62.5%;SSBE组以岛型最多见,占85.2%.LSBE组特异型肠上皮化生的发生率比SSBE组明显增高,差异有统计学意义（47.5%比14.8%,P＜0.01）.在特异型肠上皮化生中,LSBE组轻、中、重度不典型增生的发生率（15.0%,12.5%,5.0%）较SSBE组（4.5%,3.4%,0.0%）高,差异也具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）.结论 LSBE较SSBE更易发生不典型增生,应充分认识胃镜表现结合病理诊断的重要性。     

Barrett＇s食管的肠上皮化生研究

目的探讨影响Barrett＇s食管(Barrett＇sesophagus，BE)粘膜中肠上皮化生(intestinalmetaplasia，IM)发生的因素。方法应用胃镜下和组织学染色方法诊断IM，并比较36例存在IM的BE患者与11例不伴有IM的BE患者在年龄、胃镜下表现及食管运动功能方面的特点。结果BE患者的年龄、胃镜下BE粘膜的长度及形态，均与IM的发生率有关(P<0．05)；但食管炎的程度及食管运动功能与IM的发生率无关(P>0．05)。结论年龄在30岁以上、胃镜下舌型BE及长度3．5em以上与IM的发生率增加，可作为判断BE预后及筛选随访的临床参考指标；食管运动功能障碍在BE发生肠上皮化生的过程中可能不起主要作用。     

福建地区Barrett食管的发病情况和内镜及临床特点

目的研究福建地区Barrett食管(BE)的发病情况和内镜、临床特点及其与反流性食管炎(RE)的关系。方法根据新标准诊断BE,研究BE患者的内镜下检出率、内镜表现、分型及病理检查结果,分析患者的年龄、性别、症状、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况及其与RE的关系。结果检出BE为总胃镜检查人数的7.90%,男女之比为1.98,平均年龄(45.1±14.8)岁,仅19.15%有典型反流症状。BE中短节段占81.20%,多为舌状、岛状或包含这2种形状的混合型。食管活检组织病理诊断为肠化型占BE的34.83%,9.88%伴异型增生,胃窦Hp阳性率为39.94%。RE检出率为2.07%,比BE显著降低(P<0.01)。8.42%的BE伴RE,32.11%的RE伴BE。结论福建地区BE患病率较高,多为短节段舌状或岛状,约1/3为肠化型,以中年男性多见,常无症状,与RE无明显相关性,部分伴异型增生。BE的临床意义和预后有待于进一步研究。     

Barrett食管的临床病理特征分析

目的探讨内镜下拟诊为Barrett食管(BE)患者的临床症状、内镜下表现类型和病理特征之间的关系。方法对184例内镜下拟诊为BE的患者进行临床症状评估,HE染色行病理组织学分析。并对临床症状、内镜下表现类型及病理特征之间的关系进行相关分析。结果内镜下拟诊184例BE患者,反酸33例次,反食7例次,烧心23例次,胸骨后疼痛13例次,上腹痛70例次,上腹胀38例次,其中10例患者有食管外症状(咳嗽、咽炎等);37例无明显症状。内镜表现类型岛型128例,环周型43例,舌型13例。活检证实有柱状上皮化生88例(占47.8%),其中有46例可见肠上皮化生,发现1例不典型增生。病理确诊的46例肠化BE和42例非肠化BE患者的反酸发生率明显高于非BE患者,其他临床症状比较无明显差异;内镜下拟诊的3种类型的BE患者临床主要症状比较无明显差异;内镜表现为环周型、岛型和舌型BE的柱状上皮化生和肠化生的检出率无明显差异。结论(1)病理确诊的BE患者反酸的发生率明显高于非BE患者。(2)BE患者内镜表现类型与症状无关。(3)内镜表现以岛状多见,柱状上皮化生和肠上皮化生在3型BE中检出率无差异。     

Barrett食管、贲门部与胃窦部肠上皮化生的比较研究

目的比较Barrett食管(BE)肠上皮化生(IM)、贲门肠上皮化生(CIM)与胃窦部肠上皮化生(GA-IM)黏液组织化学检查结果及病因学的差异。方法联合应用AB/PAS及HID/AB染色对上述不同部位IM进行分型,分为3种亚型:完全小肠型(Ⅰ型)、不完全小肠型(Ⅱ型)及不完全大肠型(Ⅲ型)。比较各部位IM中3种亚型所占的比例,同时分析它们与胃食管反流病(GERD)及幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染之间的关系。结果长节段BE(LSBE)及短节段BE(SSBE)中主要以Ⅲ型IM为主,分别占75.0%、63.3%,显著高于CIM(23.1%)及GA-IM(17.7%)(P均<0.01)。LSBE、SSBE、CIM及GA-IM中GERD症状阳性率依次为78.6%、76.7%、42.3%及17.7%,前三者显著高于后者(P 均<0.01);而Hp感染率则相反,LSBE、SSBE、CIM及GA-IM依次为17.9%、20.0%、46.2%及64.7%,LSBE、SSBE显著低于CIM及GA-IM(P均<0.01)。结论LSBE、SSBE中主要以Ⅲ型IM为主,而CIM及GA-IM中Ⅲ型IM发生率较低。LSBE、SSBE与GERD显著相关,与Hp感染不相关,而CIM及GA-IM主要与Hp感染有关,GERD可能也参与CIM的发生。     

BaHett's食管的肠上皮化生研究

目的探讨影响Barrett's食管(Barrett'sesophagus,BE)粘膜中肠上皮化生(intestinalmetaplasia,IM)发生的因素.方法应用胃镜下和组织学染色方法诊断IM,并比较36例存在IM的BE患者与11例不伴有IM的BE患者在年龄、胃镜下表现及食管运动功能方面的特点.结果BE患者的年龄、胃镜下BE粘膜的长度及形态,均与IM的发生率有关(P<0.05);但食管炎的程度及食管运动功能与IM的发生率无关(P>0.05).结论年龄在30岁以上、胃镜下舌型BE及长度3.5em以上与IM的发生率增加,可作为判断BE预后及筛选随访的临床参考指标;食管运动功能障碍在BE发生肠上皮化生的过程中可能不起主要作用.     

反流性食管炎、Barrett食管和食管腺癌的研究

背景:胃食管反流病(GERD)是一种常见疾病,包括非糜烂性反流病(NERD)、反流性食管炎(RE)和Barrett食管(BE),近年其发病率逐渐增高。目的:探讨RE、BE与各种因素的关系。方法:应用反流性疾病问卷筛选具有胃食管反流症状的患者,行胃镜检查检测RE、BE和食管腺癌的检出率,分析吸烟、饮酒、饮食、年龄、性别和民族与RE、BE的关系。结果:共纳入1834例具有胃食管反流症状的患者,其中RE患者234例(12.8%);BE患者213例(11.6%),包括特殊肠化生型BE 47例;食管腺癌5例(0.3%)。蒙古族RE、BE的检出率显著高于汉族和其他民族。饮酒者中RE和BE的比例明显升高。BE患者中-重度异型增生和食管腺癌的检出率升高。结论:蒙古族人群RE和BE的检出率较高,饮酒与食管反流致损伤的关系密切,BE为食管腺癌的癌前病变。     

中国人Barrett食管临床特点分析

目的 研究中国人Barrett食管（Barrett’s esophagus，BE）的临床特点。方法以“Barrett食管”为检索词，电脑检索1989年～2007年国内公开发表的中文文献，以“Barrett esophagus”和“China”为检索词，电脑在MEDLINE上检索1989年-2007年公开发表有关中国Barrett食管临床研究英文文献，统一纳入标准和排除标准，所得资料进行荟萃分析。结果共41项研究中的4132例BE患者进入本研究：①BE的内镜检出率为2．39％，男女比为2．08：1，平均发病年龄为53．27岁，有典型胃食管反流病（GERD）症状的51．00％；②内镜下形状以岛状居多，为56．81％；特殊肠化生型为36．58％；舌型BE的特殊肠化生检出率较全周型、岛状均显著增高（均P〈0．001）；长段Barrett食管的特殊肠化生型检出率高于短段Barrett食管（P〈0．001）；③492例BE患者平均2年随访，癌变发生率为0．61％。结论我国人内镜BE检出率低于西方人，平均发病年龄低于西方国家报道，癌变发生率与国外报道接近，男性多发、临床症状、特殊肠化生型检出率等与国外报道一致。     

Barrett食管黏膜微细形态改变和CDX2蛋白的表达

目的 研究食管黏膜微细形态的改变和CDX2蛋白表达在Barrett食管（BE）诊断中的意义。方法 采用高清晰内镜观察BE及非BE的胃食管反流疾病（GERD）患者的齿状线附近黏膜的小凹及微细血管形态变化，并采用免疫组化方法检测CDX2蛋白的表达。结果 48例BE中，40例可观察到食管下段的栅状血管末端有不同程度的下移现象，而60例非BE的GERD患者均未发现有血管下移现象；放大内镜下BE黏膜可分为绒毛型、条纹型和小点型，绒毛型肠上皮化生（肠化）检出率显著高于条纹型及点状（P〈0.01）；CDX2蛋白不但在肠化的杯状细胞表达，而且在BE和非BE的柱状上皮中亦有表达，绒毛状上皮CDX2表达的阳性率显著高于条纹状（P〈0.01）和点状上皮（P〈0．05）。结论 观察食管黏膜微细形态有助于对BE的诊断、分型及了解其相关病理背景，CDX2蛋白是一种具有较高敏感性的肠上皮特异标志物，有助于判断早期肠化的发生，对BE的早期诊断可能有重要价值。     

Relationship of gastric Helicobacter pyloriinfection to Barrett＇s esophagus and gastro-esophageal reflux disease in Chinese

AIM:To evaluate the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection to reflux esophagitis (RE), Barrett‘s esophagus (BE)and gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM).METHODS:RE,BE and gastric IM were determined by upper endoscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups; those with squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) beyond gastroesophageal junction (GEJ)≥3cm (group A), and those with SCJ beyond GE.1 &lt;3cm (group B). Biopsy specimens were obtainedend escopically from just below the SCJ, gastric antrum along the greater and lesser curvature. Pathological changes and Hpylorr infection were determined by HE staining, Alcian blue staining and Giemsa staining.RESULTS:The prevalence of Hpyloriinfection was 46.93%.There was no difference in the prevalence between males and females.The prevalence of Hpyloriinfection decreased stepwise significantly from RE grade I to Ⅲ.There was no difference in the prevalence between the two groups, and between long-segment and short-segment BE. In distal stomach, prevalence of Hpyloriinfection was significantly higher in patients with IM than those without IM.CONCLUSION: There is a protective role of Hpyloriinfectuion to GERD. There may be no relationship between Hpylori infection of stomach and BE. Hpyloriinfection is associated with the development of IN in the distal stomach.     

Comparison of clinical, endoscopic and functional findings in patients with intestinal metaplasia at the cardia, carditis and short-segment columnar epithelium of the distal esophagus with and without intestinal metaplasia

In recent years, the diagnosis of short segments of intestinal metaplasia lining the distal esophagus has increased. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical, endoscopic, histologic and functional results in patients with intestinal metaplasia at the cardia (IMC), carditis and short-segment columnar epithelium (CE) lining the distal esophagus with and without intestinal metaplasia. Four groups were studied: 48 patients with carditis, 105 patients with IMC, 78 patients with short-segment CE (SSCE) without IM and 69 patients with short-segment CE with IM. All had clinical questionnaire, endoscopic and histological evaluation, manometric studies and measurements of acid and bilirubin exposition of the distal esophagus over 24 h. Patients without IM were found to be younger than those with IM. Erosive esophagitis was observed in similar proportions, but hiatal hernia was present in patients with SSCE with or without IM. Patients without IM had mainly cardial mucosa more than fundic mucosa. However, patients with IM had almost exclusively cardial mucosa. Low-grade dysplasia was observed only in patients with IM. Manometric evaluation demonstrated a structural defective lower esophageal sphincter in all groups. Acid and duodenal exposures of the distal esophagus over 24 h were significantly greater in patients with SSCE with IM. In the presence of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (GER), there are several histological changes at the mucosa distal to the squamous columnar junction. The first metaplastic change is one from fundic to cardial mucosa and, when duodenal reflux occurs, a second metaplastic change to intestinal metaplasia from cardial mucosa occurs. Therefore, in all patients with symptoms of GER, biopsies specimens distal to the squamous columnar junction should be taken routinely.     

Short-segment Barrett��s esophagus and cardia intestinal metaplasia: A comparative analysis

AIM:To investigate the endoscopy and histology of short-segment Barrett’s esophagus (SSBE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM),and their correlation with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS:Biopsy specimens were taken from 32 SSBE patients and 41 CIM patients with normal appearance of the esophagogastric junction. Eight biopsy specimens from the lower esophagus,cardia,and gastric antrum were stained with hematoxylin/eosin,Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff,Alcian blue/high iron diamine and Gimenez dye. Results were graded independently by one pathologist. RESULTS:The SSBE patients were younger than the CIM patients (P < 0.01). The incidence of dysplasia and incomplete intestinal metaplasia subtype was higher in SSBE patients than in CIM patients (P < 0.01). H. pylori infection was correlated with antral intestinal metaplasia (P < 0.05),but not with reflux symptomatic,endoscopic,or histological markers of GERD in CIM patients. SSBE was correlated with reflux symptomatic and endoscopic esophagitis (P < 0.01),but not with H. pylori infection and antral intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION:Dysplasia risk is significantly greater in SSBE patients than in CIM patients. CIM is a manifestation of H. pylori-associated and multifocal atrophic gastritis,whereas SSBE may result from GERD.     

Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in asymptomatic individuals

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the western world has been linked to chronic heartburn, regurgitation, and the development of the premalignant epithelium of Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, up to 40% of esophageal adenocarcinomas occur in patients without prior reflux symptoms. We prospectively screened for the presence of BE in asymptomatic subjects older than 50 years of age undergoing screening sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer. METHODS: Subjects undergoing sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening were invited to undergo upper endoscopy. Exclusion criteria included symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) more than once a month, use of medications for GERD, or previous endoscopy. BE was classified as long-segment BE (LSBE), short-segment BE (SSBE), and microscopic specialized intestinal metaplasia of the esophagogastric junction (SIM-EGJ). RESULTS: Of 408 potential study candidates, 110 subjects were screened; 9 were women. The mean (+/-SD) age was 61 +/- 9.3 (range, 50-80) years, most of them (73%) Caucasian. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) extending above the EGJ was detected in 27 (25%) subjects; 8 (7%) had LSBE, and 19 (17%) had SSBE. Patients with BE were no more likely to be obese, consumers of tobacco or alcohol, report a family history of GERD, show association with toxic exposure, or use antacids more than once a month, compared with those without BE. CONCLUSIONS: BE was detected in 25% of asymptomatic male veterans older than 50 years of age undergoing screening sigmoidoscopy for CRC.     

Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus by endoscopy and histologic studies: a prospective evaluation of 306 control subjects and 376 patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux

The classic endoscopic diagnosis of a Barrett's esophagus (BE) is based on the finding of > or =3 cm, of distal esophagus covered by specialized columnar epithelium. However, currently, it is based on the finding of intestinal metaplasia (IM) at the squamous-columnar mucosal junction, independent of its extent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus by endoscopic and histological findings in control subjects and in patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Three hundred and six control subjects and 376 patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were included in this prospective study. Patients with Barrett's esophagus were classified in three groups as follows. 1. Intestinal metaplasia at the cardia. When endoscopy showed non-Barrett's esophagus, but histological intestinal metaplasia was found. 2. Short-segment Barrett's esophagus. When <3 cm, was covered with tongues or finger-like or creeping substitution of distal esophagus. 3. Long-segment Barrett's esophagus. When > 3 cm, of distal esophagus was covered by specialized columnar epithelium. Two biopsies at the antrum, four biopsies at the squamous-columnar junction and one or two at the distal esophagus were taken. In control subjects, 1.6% showed histological IM at the esophagogastric junction. In patients with GER without esophagitis or with erosive esophagitis, IM was found in 18% and 10.7% respectively. 'Short-segment' Barrett's esophagus was three times more frequent than 'long-segment' Barrett's esophagus. Patients with Barrett's esophagus were significantly older than the other groups. The presence of complications or erosions, peptic ulcer or stricture were significantly more frequent among patients with 'long-segment' Barrett's esophagus (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of dysplasia was similar in all groups of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Complications such as ulcers, stricture and dysplasia were exclusively seen among patients with BE, whereas non-Barrett's patients did not exhibit these complications. In control subjects, IM can be found in a low percentage of cases. Among patients with symptoms of GER, the classic endoscopic diagnosis of a Barrett's esophagus can underestimate this condition in 80% of the cases. Patients with intestinal metaplasia at the cardia already present 17% of the cases with low-grade dysplasia. In all patients with symptoms of GER, systematic biopsies at the squamous-columnar junction should be taken.     

The characteristics of Barrett's esophagus: an analysis of 4120 cases in China

Our objective was to investigate the endoscopic and clinico-pathological characteristics in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) in China. Using the terms 'Barrett's esophagus' and 'Barrett's esophagus, China' as key words, literatures published in Chinese and English journals were searched in Chinese data banks, as well as PubMed and ISI Web of Science from 1989 to 2007. An analysis was carried out with the standard inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 4120 cases were included in this study. BE was found in 2.44% of patients undergoing endoscopy for various symptoms of upper gastrointestinal tract diseases; the male : female ratio was 2.09 : 1, the average age of detection of BE was 53.15 years old, and 51% of patients with BE had typical symptoms for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The island-type BE was predominant (56.80%), and the occurrence of BE with special intestinal metaplasia (SIM) was 36.58%, but SIM was more common in tongue-type BE than island-type and circumferential-type BE (both P < 0. 001), as well as in long segment BE (LSBE) than in short segment BE (SSBE) ( P < 0. 001). A total of 46.39% of patients had Helicobacter pylori infection. The mean length of follow up was 2 years in 492 patiens. The incidence of adenocarcinoma was 0.61% patient-years of total follow up. In China, the endoscopic prevalence of BE is lower, but the average age of diagnosis is younger; a high proportion of H. pylori infection is found in patients with BE, and about half of the patients have no typical symptoms of GERD; the tongue-type BE and the LSBE are apt to SIM.     

Screening for and surveillance of Barrett's esophagus is clinically indicated

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is the precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), through a progression from intestinal metaplasia (IM), through high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Although the progression from BE to EA seems to be infrequent (0.5% per year), endoscopic and bioptic surveillance would play a significant role in the evaluation of HGD and the detection of EA in early, curable stage, improving survival rates after treatments. The severity and the duration of GERD could be helpful in the assessment of the risk for BE and to enroll these subjects into screening protocols to detect any dysplastic or neoplastic change. The benefits of screening-surveillance programs could be furthermore enhanced by an improvement in diagnostic methods, such as high-resolution endoscopic techniques and the use of biomarkers for the histological examination seems to play a primary role in the cancer risk stratification; in such way, endoscopic resection techniques (mucosal resection and submucosal dissection) can be considered as a helpful method to stage dysplastic changes in BE.