A Meta-analysis of β-fibrinogen Gene-455G/A Polymorphism and Plasma Fibrinogen Level in Chinese Cerebral Infarction Patients

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the β-fibrinogen gene-455G/A polymorphism and cerebral infarction in Chinese population by means of meta-analysis. Methods Genetic association studies on evaluating the β-fibrinogen gene -455G/A polymorphism and cerebral infarction involving Chinese population published before December 2005 were collected from database of PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI. All the data in literature were abstracted based on the defined selection criteria by two independent investigators. Publication bias was tested by funnel plot and the odd ratios of all studies were combined dependent on the result of heterogeneity test among the individual studies. The software Review Manager (Version 4.2) was used for meta-analysis. Results Eleven studies including 1405 patients and 1600 controls met the selection criteria. There was no publication bias in 11 reviewed studies. Heterogeneity test of reviewed studies showed statistically significant differences (χ2=24.58, P=0.006) among the ORs of individual studies. The combined OR of 11 studies of susceptibility to cerebral infarction in –455A allele carriers compared with the -455G/G wild homozygotes was 1.33 (95%CI 1.04-1.71, P=0.02). In the patients with cerebral infarction in 6 studies, the summarized average plasma fibrinogen level of allele A carrier was 0.29 g/L (95%CI 0.14-0.44, P=0.0002) higher than that of -455G/G homozygous ones. Conclusions β-fibrinogen gene -455G/A polymorphism might contribute to susceptibility of cerebral infarction in Chinese population; allele A increases the individual susceptibility to the disease.     

C509T and T869C polymorphisms of transforming growth factor β1 and the risk of IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis

Background IgA nephropathy （IgAN） is the most common primary glomerular disease.Transforming growth factor β1 （TGFβ1） plays an important role in pathogenesis of IgAN.Associations between the polymorphisms of TGFβ1 gene and the risk of IgAN remained inconsistent.A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the TGFβ1 gene and IgAN susceptibility.Methods Databases including Pubmed,EMBASE,ISI,et al.were searched to find relevant studies.Odds ratios （ORs）with 95％ confidence intervals （CIs） were used to evaluate the strength of associations.Results Ten studies involving 1770 cases and 1953 controls were included.Significant association between C509T polymorphism and IgAN risk was observed （OR 1.42,95％ CI 1.12-1.81,P=0.0004; I2=0％） in Caucasians by the overdominant model （CT vs.CC ＋ TT）,but no significant association was found （P=0.200） in Asians by the dominant model （CC ＋ CT vs.TT）.Significant association between T869C polymorphism and IgAN susceptibility was found （OR 1.21,95％ CI 1.02-1.44,P=0.030） in overall populations by the dominant model （TT ＋ TC vs.CC）.Subgroup analysis found T allele of T869C polymorphism was associated with IgAN susceptibility in Caucasians （P=0.030）,but not in Asians （P=0.290）.Conclusion Both heterozygotes of C509T polymorphism and T allele of T869C polymorphism in TGFβ1 were associated with the risk of IgAN in Caucasians,but not in Asians.     

Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and endometriosis in Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Numerous studies have described the association between polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor （TNF） gene and risk of endometriosis.However,the results remain controversial.Here we reviewed studies reporting the association between TNF gene polymorphisms and endometriosis risk in Asians.Methods PubMed and Embase were searched.Twelve case-control studies assessing the role of multiple TNF gene polymorphisms in endometriosis were included.If no less than two articles evaluated one variant,meta-analysis was conducted; otherwise,narrative analysis was chosen.A fixed-or random-effects model was employed according to the heterogeneity among studies.The strength of the association between TNF gene polymorphisms and endometriosis risk was assessed by odds ratios and 95％ confidence intervals.Results For TNF-α-238G＞A,-308G＞A,-857C＞T,and-863C＞A,no significant associations were identified from all genetic models.For TNF-α-850T＞C,results from one study showed that patients harboring the heterozygote TC were less susceptible to endometriosis than patients harboring the homozygote TT.For TNF-α-1031T＞C,a mild increase in endometriosis risk was found in the Asian population.Meta-analysis from two studies found that the TNF-β ＋252＞G polymorphism had a protective effect in Chinese individuals.Due to the limitations of the included studies,it is necessitated to perform more studies to elucidate the possible roles of TNF gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Conclusions TNF-α-1031T＞C and TNF-β ＋252A＞G were significantly associated with the risk of endometriosis in Asian and Chinese populations,respectively.To further evaluate these associations,more large-scale,rigorously designed studies are needed.     

Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms 869 T/C and 915 G/C in the exon 1 locus of transforming growth factor-β1 gene on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Chinese

Background The main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is cigarette smoking. However, only 10%-20% of chronic heavy smokers develop systematic COPD. We hypothesized that the inheritance of gene polymorphisms could influence the development of COPD, which was investigated by studying two single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP） in exon 1 of the transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） gene. Methods We enrolled 219 patients with COPD as the research group and 148 healthy people as the control group, all of whom were Chinese Han people. The polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 gene, 869T/C and 915G/C, were analyzed using the method of amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction （ARMS-PCR）. Results The occurrence of the TGF-β1 gene 869T/C polymorphism in patients with COPD was significantly different from the control group （P 〈0.05）, in which the relative risk of this disease increased in cases who had the C allele （OR： 1.131, 95% CI： 1.101-1.539）. There was no increased frequency of TGF-β1 915G/C gene in COPD patients compared with control subjects （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions The polymorphism 869T/C in TGF-β1 gene has a significant association with disease occurrence in COPD patients and the C allele might be a risk factor. The homozygous wild-type CC of 869T/C on TGFβ1 could be a predisposing factor in COPD and those who carry the C allele might have particularly susceptibility to developing COPD.     

Surfactant protein B 1580 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in chinese han population

Whether surfactant protein B (SP-B)-18A/C and 1580C/T polymorphism were associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese Han population和was investigated. After genomic DNA was isolated from blood of COPD smokers and control smokers, the genotypes of SP-B-18A/C and SP-B1580C/T polymorphism loci were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) respectively.The results showed that there was significant difference in genotypes distribution frequency of SPB1580C/T polymorphism locus between COPD smokers and control smokers. C→T mutation rate (including TT homozygote and CT heterozygote) in COPD smokers was higher than in control smokers (57.9 % vs 41.7 %, X^2 =4.93, P＜0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in genotypes distribution frequency of SP-B1580-18A/C locus between COPD smokers and control smokers. The allele frequency (29.1 ％) of SP-B1580-18A/C locus is lower than T allele (70.9 ％) in Chinese Han Population, and the distribution was different from that in Mexican, in which, the A and T allele frequencies were 85 % and 15 % respectively. It was concluded that SP-B1580 T allele was probably associated with increased susceptibility to COPD in Chinese Han population; The polymorphism of SP-B-18A/C locus maybe varied with race.     

Association between DPP6 polymorphism and the risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese patients

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex, which results in muscle weakness, atrophy. Sporadic ALS （SALS） accounts for about 90% of ALS cases, but the etiology is largely unknown. Most of the researchers consider it to be a complex disease. There have been several genome-wide association （GWA） studies reporting several single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） which are susceptible to ALS, but no data of Asians （including Chinese） yet. We investigate whether the polymorphism of rs10260404 in DPP6 gene is associated with SALS in Chinese Han origin to compare the ethnic differences between Chinese Han origin and other populations. Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from the leukocytes of whole blood samples in 58 Chinese Han patients with SALS and 52 healthy controls. The asymmetric PCR was processed in the presence of an unlabeled probe that contained the rs10260404 locus. The product was genotyped on a light scanner using high resolution melting method and some were confirmed with sequencing. Results The rs10260404 polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients and controls. The CC genotype and the C allele were similar in patients compared with healthy subjects and not associated with an increased risk of Chinese SALS patients （X^2=0.29, OR=1.26, 95% CI 0.55-2.87, P 〉0.05）. Conclusions The rs10260404 is not associated with ALS susceptibility in Chinese people with Han origin which may be due to ethnic differences. More study with large number of cases in Chinese population is really necessary.     

TNFR 2 M196R polymorphism and acne vulgaris in Han Chinese: A case-control study

In this case-control study,the relationship between M196R(676 T→G) variant in exon 6 of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2(TNFR2) gene and genetic susceptibility of acne vulgaris in Han Chinese was investigated.A total of 93 acne vulgaris patients and 90 healthy subjects from Han Chinese ethnic group were enrolled in this study.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) technique was adopted to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of TNFR2 M196R gene,and to ...     

Toll-like Receptor Polymorphisms and Tuberculosis Susceptibility:A Comprehensive Meta-analysis

The polymorphisms of toll-like receptor(TLR) have been hypothesized to affect the tuberculosis susceptibility. However, the direct evidence remains controversial. Here we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize the associations between TLR polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility. We systematically searched the Pub Med, Embase, Cochrane library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure up to April 25, 2014. Case-control studies investigating TLR polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for cases and controls. Stata 11.0 and Review Manager 5.1 were adopted to conduct statistical analysis. We included 29 studies, involving 17 804 individuals. The results revealed an obvious increase of tuberculosis risk in TLR2 2258 AA, and decreased risk in TLR6 745 TT and TLR8 rs3761624 GA genotypes. Meanwhile, different genetic models were performed. TLR8 rs3764879 C, TLR8 rs3761624 A and TLR8 rs3764880 A alleles were associated with high susceptibility, while TLR6 745 T and TLR8 rs3788935 C alleles were protective. Other polymorphisms, including TLR9 1486C/T, did not show significant associations with tuberculosis infection. Finally, subgroup analysis in TLR8 rs3764880 according to gender found a slight elevated effect of A allele in males. The meta-analysis suggests significant associations between several TLR polymorphisms and tuberculosis, including TLR2 2258G/A, TLR6 745C/T, TLR8 rs3761624, TLR8 rs3764879, TLR8 rs3761624 and TLR8 rs3764880. This study serves as the framework for additional studies to determine further the role of TLRs in tuberculosis infection.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the SCN5A gene in Han Chinese and their relation with Brugada syndrome

Background Mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene (SCN5A) may lead to a broad spectrum of familial arrhythmias, including long QT syndrome (LQTS), idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF), and isolated cardiac conduction diseases. Recent studies have shown that polymorphisms in the SCN5A gene also play an important role in the manifestation of disorders involving cardiac excitability. In this study, we investigated the polymorphisms of the SCN5A gene in Han Chinese and its relation to Brugada syndrome (BS).Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from 120 unrelated healthy volunteers and 48 unrelated Brugada syndrome patients by means of standard procedures. All exons including the putative splicing sites of the SCN5A gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly or after subcloning using an ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer. Results A total of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the Han Chinese population, including 3 novel ones: G87A(A29A), 4245＋82A>G, and G6174A. The allele frequencies of each SNP in the Han Chinese population were as follows: G87A (A29A) 27.5%, A1673G (H558R) 10.4%, 4245+82A>G 32.8%, C5457T (D1819D) 41.3%, and G6174A 44.9%. S1102Y and 10 other SNPs identified in other ethnic populations were not detected in this study. There was no significant difference in the allele frequency of A1673G (H558R) between different ethnic populations (all P>0.5). On the other hand, the allele frequency of C5457T (D1819D) among Han Chinese was similar to its frequency among Japanese (P>0.5), but higher than that among Americans (P<0.005). The allele G1673 (R558) was over-represented in BS patients compared to controls (P<0.005), but there was no significant difference in genotype frequencies at this locus. There were also no differences in either the allele or genotype frequencies of the 4 other identified SNPs when comparing BS patients with healthy controls. Conclusions The distribution of SCN5A SNPs may vary between different ethnicities. The polymorphism of A1673G might be associated with BS and may contribute to a susceptibility to BS in Han Chinese.     

甲硫氨酸合成酶基因A2756G多态性与2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的相关性

目的研究甲硫氨酸合成酶(MS)基因A2756G多态性与2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法鉴定安徽地区562例汉族人MS基因A2756G多态性基因型,比较对照组、2型糖尿病组、2型糖尿病合并脑梗死组各组间不同基因型及等位基因频率。结果安徽地区汉族人群存在MS基因A2756G多态性,其G等位基因频率与西方人群比较明显降低,2型糖尿病合并脑梗死组的MS不同基因型及等位基因频率与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论MS基因A2756G多态性与安徽地区汉族人群2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的遗传易感性无关。     

Polymorphisms of the coagulation factor Ⅶ gene and its plasma levels in relation to acute cerebral infarction differences in allelic frequencies between Chinese Han and European populations

Background Coagulation factor Ⅶ (F Ⅶ) levels in plasma are usually related to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebral infarction shares many of the risk factors related to IHD. Is there any relationship between factor Ⅶ and cerebral infarction? We investigated the relationship between F Ⅶ and acute cerebral infarction and reported genotype frequencies and allelic frequencies of FⅦ gene polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population.Methods We recruited 62 patients with acute cerebral infarction confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from Ruijin Hospital, and 149 age-matched patients clinically free of vascular disease to act as controls. All of them were unrelated, and were from the Chinese Han population. FⅦ coagulant activity (FⅦc) was determined using an clotting assay, activated FⅦ (FⅦa) and FⅦ Ag were assayed using enzyme immunoassay kits. The FⅦ gene polymorphisms to be detected included-401G/T, -402G/A, 5’F7A1/A2, IVS7 and R353Q. 5’F7 and IVS7 were revealed by means of a PCR and direct agarose gel electrophoresis. The rest were examined by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The results showed that FⅦc, FⅦAg and FⅦa were higher in the acute cerebral infarction group than in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in the genotype frequencies of FⅦ gene polymorphisms between the two groups. The allelic frequencies in the Chinese Han population were as follows: -401G/T (96.64/3.36), -402G/A (52.01/47.99), 5’F7A1/A2(96.64/3.36), IVS7 H5/H6/H7/H8 (0.34/52.35/46.98/0.34) and R353Q (95.64/4.36). There were significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively) in these allelic frequencies between the Chinese Han and European populations.Conclusions The results indicate that increased plasma FⅦ levels may contribute to thrombosis in cerebral infarction. And there was no significant difference in genotype frequencies of these five FⅦ gene polymorphisms between the acute cerebral infarction and control groups. Moreover, these results showed that the frequencies of protective allele, including -401T, 5’F7 A2 and 353Q were lower, but that -402A, which was previously found to be associated with increased plasma FⅦ levels, is higher in Chinese Han population.     

血管紧张素原基因T174M和M235T多态与脑梗塞的关系

目的 研究血管紧张素原(AGT)基因第2号外显子T174M和M235T多态与中国汉人脑梗塞发病的关系。方法 采用多重SNaPshot反应,在90例脑梗塞患者和90名健康对照者中,对T174M和M235T多态进行基因分型。结果 T174M多态基因型在脑梗塞组和对照组之间有差异,但未达到统计学意义(P=0.071);T、C等位基因频率与对照组相比有显著性差异(P=0.045)。M235T多态基因型在脑梗塞组和对照组中无显著性差异(P=0.194);脑梗塞组的C等位基因频率高于对照组,但未达到统计学意义(P=O.057)。在男性脑梗塞患者中,M235T多态基因型和等位基因频率与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P=0.030,P=0.011)。结论 AGT基因T174M多态可能与汉族整体人群脑梗塞的发病相关,而M235T多态可能只与男性脑梗塞的发病相关。     

中国成都汉族与泰国人群P-选择素基因遗传多态性的研究

目的研究P-选择素(P-selectin)基因启动子区-2123C/G、-1969G/A、-1817T/C和第十三外显子Thr715Pro多态性在中国成都汉族与泰国人群中的分布,同时比较不同种族间P-selectin基因型及等位基因频率分布的差异。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)测定法检测120名成都汉族人和110名泰国人P-selectin基因-2123C/G、-1969G/A、-1817T/C和Thr715Pro多态性,比较两组人群4个位点的基因型和等位基因的分布频率,并结合文献与其他种族研究结果进行比较。结果P-selectin基因启动子区-2123C/G、-1969G/A、-1817T/C多态性分布在成都汉族与泰国人群中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但与其他种族人群(英国、美国)比较,3个位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。本次实验未检测到Thr715Pro基因多态性。结论中国成都汉族与泰国人群中存在P-selectin基因启动子区-2123C/G、-1969G/A、-1817T/C多态性,这种基因多态性分布在成都汉族与泰国人群中比较无明显差异,与其他种族人群比较则存在显著性差异。     

中国南方汉族人MMP-9基因多态性与COPD易感性的关系

目的探讨中国南方汉族人基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)易感性的关系.方法应用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术,检测MMP-9启动子基因型在100例COPD患者和98例健康吸烟者中的频率.结果 COPD中同源野生型(C/C)、杂合型(C/T)频率分别是86%、14%,健康人的频率分别是98%、2%,两组基因频率分布差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).等位基因C频率分别是93%比99%,等位基因T频率分别是7%比1%,两组等位基因的分布差异也具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 MMP-9启动子-1562位的多态性可能与中国南方汉族人群COPD易感性相关.     

血小板膜糖蛋白Ibα基因HPA-2、Kozak序列多态性与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨血小板膜糖蛋白(platelet membrane glycoprotein，GP) Ibα基因HPA-2、Kozak序列多态性与脑梗死的相关性。方法选取316例经CT/MRI证实的脑梗死患者做病例组，209例与病例组年龄、性别相匹配的无脑血管病人群做对照组。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性(polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism，PCR-RFLP）技术检测人类血小板抗原-2（human platelet antigen-2，HPA-2）及Kozak序列多态性在两组中的分布频率。结果病例组GPIbα基因HPA-2等位基因频率、基因型与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。病例组Kozak序列C等位基因频率为25.95%，对照组C等位基因频率为18.18%，两组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=8.1323, P＜0.01）。结论GPIbα基因HPA-2序列多态性与脑梗死无相关性；Kozak序列多态性可能是脑梗死的遗传易感因素。     

广西壮族及汉族人群干扰素γ基因遗传多态性的研究

目的研究干扰素γ（IFN-γ）基因内含子1＋874A／T多态性在广西壮族与汉族人群中的分布,同时比较不同种族间IFN-γ基因型及等位基因频率分布的差异。方法采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链反应（PCR—SSP）技术检测140名广西壮族人和130名汉族人IFN-γ基因＋874A／T多态性,比较两组人群的基因型和等位基因的分布频率,并结合文献与其他种族研究结果进行比较。结果IFN-γ基因＋874A／T多态性分布在广西壮族与汉族人群中比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,IFN-γ基因型以AA型最多,分别为63．6％和62．3％;等位基因以A等位基因最多,分别为76．4％和76．5％。基因型和等位基因分布频率在男女间无显著性差异;但与欧洲、美洲等其他种族人群比较,其基因型及等位基因频率的分布均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论广西壮族与汉族人群中存在IFN-γ基因＋874 A／T多态性,这种基因多态性分布在广西壮族与汉族间无明显差异,与其他种族人群比较则存在显著性差异。     

PAX4基因A1168C多态性与中国汉族人1型糖尿病的相关性

目的 探讨中国汉族人群PAX4基因A1168C多态性与1型糖尿病的相关性。方法 随机选取无亲缘关系的中国汉族人360例,其中1型糖尿病患者109例,无糖尿病及糖尿病家族史且空腹葡萄糖〈5．60mmol/L的对照组251名。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性技术（PCR—RFLP）检测A1168C多态性,SPSS软件分析A1168C多态性的基因型频率和等位基因频率及其组间差异。结果 对照组和1型糖尿病组基因型频率分布均符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡定律。1型糖尿病患者基因型频率及等位基因频率与对照组相比差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。将1型糖尿病组按性别和发病年龄分层,各组基因型频率和等位基因频率与对照组相比差异仍无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 PAX4基因A1168C多态性可能与中国汉族1型糖尿病的发生无关。