异基因造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒病及其危险因素分析

目的 分析异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo—HSCT)患者巨细胞病毒(CMV)病的发生及其高危因素。方法 选择自1999年8月至2001年7月在本所行Allo—HSCT患者131例,用Kaplan—Meier和Cox回归模型逐步回归方法,分析了CMV病的发生率及其相关的危险因素。结果 28例患者发生了CMV间质性肺炎(21．35％);9例发生了CMV肠炎(6．87％),CMV病的一年累积发生率为32．54％。在单因素分析中,非血缘关系供者、用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白(ALG)或抗CD3单克隆抗体、Ⅱ—Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)、因GVHD而加用免疫抑制剂、慢性GVHD、大剂量皮质激素、输血次数、患者血浆CMV阳性均与CMV病发生率增加有关;对CMV—DNA阳性而无临床症状者进行干预性治疗使CMV—DNA阴转,则有降低CMV病发生的作用。在多因素分析时,因血浆CMV—DNA阳性、GVHD加用免疫抑制剂、大量输血使CMV病发生危险增加(RR分别为：3．309、2．242、1．046),而干预性治疗使CMV—DNA转阴降低了发病危险(RR为0．346)。13例死于CMV病。结论 CMV病是Allo—HSCT的常见并发症,也是主要致死原因之一。对血浆CMV阳性的患者进行干预性治疗至CMV转阴,可能会减少CMV病的发生。对合并Ⅱ—Ⅳ度GVHD、加用免疫抑制剂和大量输血的高危患者更有必要早期采取干预性治疗。     

造血干细胞移植后出血性膀胱炎的观察

目的:探讨常规预防方案干预下,造血干细胞移植后出血性膀胱炎(hemorrhagiccystitis,HC)的发病情况、危险因素和有效的防治方法。方法:62例恶性血液病患者(自体移植32例,异基因移植30例),移植过程中均进行常规的HC和移植物抗宿主病(graftversushostdisease,GVHD)预防。分析移植后HC发生的特点及与移植类型、其他临床特征的关系和防治效果。结果:共6例发生HC(9.68%),均为异基因移植患者。平均发病时间为46.50天,平均病程为42.50天。4例发生巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染,其中3例合并GVHD,另有1例仅出现GVHD。经治疗后3例完全缓解,2例部分缓解,1例行膀胱切除术。结论:在采取充分的预防措施后,HC多为晚期发生,可能与异基因移植、GVHD和CMV感染有关,病程迁延、部分难治。     

造血干细胞移植后硬皮病样慢性移植物抗宿主病的临床表现

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后硬皮病样慢性移植物抗宿主病（ScGVHD）的发病率、危险因素。方法 对我院2012 年1 月~2014 年12 月之间进行allo-HSCT 的259 例患者发生ScGVHD 的情况进行回顾性分析。结果134 例 （51.7%）发生慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）,其中22例为硬皮病型,即ScGVHD在移植患者中的发病率为8.49%（22/259）、在 cGVHD患者中的发病率为16.4%（22/134）。ScGVHD出现的中位时间为移植后12.5（4~28）月。单因素分析结果提示预处理方 案是否含全身照射（TBI）（P=0.031）、GVHD预防方案是否含霉酚酸酯（MMF）（P=0.046）、cGVHD（P=0.008）的发生、供者淋巴 细胞回输（DLI）（P=0.001）均与ScGVHD的发生具有相关性。多因素分析确定cGVHD[相对危险度（RR）=3.512,95%可信区间 （CI）=1.235~9.987,P=0.018]和DLI（RR=5.217,95% CI=1.698~16.029,P=0.004）为ScGVHD 发病的独立危险因素。结论 ScGVHD是移植后一种较为少见的并发症,移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）和DLI是其发病的独立危险因素。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后迟发性出血性膀胱炎的临床分析

目的分析异基因造血干细胞移植后迟发性出血性膀胱炎（LOHC）的病因构成。方法对北京大学血液病研究所2004-2005年连续完成的200例异基因造血干细胞移植患者发生LOHC的情况进行回顾性的分析。结果200例移植患者中共有57例发生出血性膀胱炎（HE）,均为迟发性。病因分析显示：31例LOHC患者接受抗病毒治疗临床达到完全缓解,病因归结为感染性,占54．39％;12例临床合并病毒血症,经过抗病毒治疗病毒血症消失,但膀胱炎症状无好转,病因归结为感染性合并有非感染性因素,占21．53％;另有14例临床无感染原的证据,其中5例单靠碱化利尿膀胱炎即获完全缓解,另外9例对抗感染治疗无效,病因归结为非感染性,占24．56％。对有非感染性因素的13例HE患者给予短程的激素冲击治疗,9例达到缓解,2例达到部分缓解,2例无效。共有4例对各种治疗无效,死亡时HE未缓解,死亡原因为其他移植相关并发症。结论出血性HE是异基因造血干细胞细胞移植后常见的并发症,临床应重视对感染和非感染病因的鉴别,针对病因的治疗可以提高疗效。     

Immune-related late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background The pathophysiology of late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis （LOHC） is currently not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the alloimmune aetiology in the pathogenesis of LOHC post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the medical records of 11 patients with immune-related LOHC post allogeneic HSCT. The clinical characteristics, therapy, and outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Results The median time of onset was 42 days after HSCT （range 16-150 days） and the median duration of HC was 43 days （range 29-47 days）. All patients presented with prolonged HC for more than 35 days. Nine patients with evidence of cytomegalovirus （CMV） reactivation did not respond to anti-viral therapy even with CMV clearance in the urine post-therapy. Eleven patients with refractory HC received a low dose of corticosteroids and all patients went into complete remission. Conclusion Our data suggest that alloimmune injury is involved in the pathogenesis of HC in at least some patients and that specific therapy might improve the clinical outcome of hemorrhagic cystitis.     

造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染临床分析

目的观察各种类型的造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的发生情况及疗效。方法选择我院59例异基因造血干细胞移植（allo—HSCT）和自体造血干细胞移植（auto—HSCT）患者移植后不同时期血和尿标本，检测CMV—pp65抗原及（或）CMV—DNA（荧光定量PCR法）进行动态观察分析。CMV感染的预防采用更昔洛书（DHPC）5～10mg／kg，1次／12h，分别在移植前第8天至移植当天及当CMV血清学检测阳性或发生CMV病时应用2-4周，并可同时应用大剂量丙种球蛋白。结果CMV感染在allo—HSCT后好发，非亲缘性移植CMV感染率高，9例allo—HSCT出现CMV感染发生在移植后＋42-＋68天，其中5例均存在不同程度的移植物抗宿主病（GVHD），尤其是Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD，2例进展为巨细胞间质性肺炎（CMV-1P）；多为既往CMV感染被激活，对CMV—DNA阳性而无症状者进行预防治疗可使CMV—DNA阴转，可降低CMV病的发生。结论CMV病是allo—HSCT的常见并发症及主要致死原因之一；因此积极防治GVHD的发生及发展、定期监测CMV血清学阳性患者、早期干预性治疗可以提高移植的成功率。     

造血干细胞移植患者巨细胞病毒感染危险因素和疗效分析

目的 :了解造血干细胞移植 (hematopoieticstemcelltransplantation ,HSCT)后巨细胞病毒 (Cy tomegalovirus,CMV)感染的发生率、相关危险因素及抗病毒药物疗效。 方法 :选择 1 998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月在我所行HSCT的 2 0 2例患者进行回顾性分析。移植前预处理采用化疗联合全身照射或马利兰联合环磷酰胺方案。多数异基因HSCT移植后移植物抗宿主病 (graft versushostdisease,GVHD)预防采用环孢菌素A联合短程甲氨喋呤。CMV感染预防采用更昔洛韦 (ganciclovir,DHPG) 1 0mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ,分两次静点 ,移植前第 9天至移植前第 2天连续 8d。移植后应用多聚酶链反应 (PCR)定期进行病毒DNA监测 ,CMV阳性或发生CMV病的患者应用DH PG或 /和膦甲酸钠或联合这两种制剂进行治疗。结果 :HSCT后CMV活动性感染率为 35 .6 % (72 /2 0 2 ) ;间质性肺炎最常见占感染人数的 4 4 .4 % (32 /72 ) ,单纯病毒血症占 33.3% (2 4 /72 ) ,CMV肠炎占 1 3.9% (1 0 /72 )。感染的高峰时间为移植后第 6 0～ 90天。DHPG或 /和膦甲酸钠治疗的总有效率约为 6 0 %。经单因素分析证明异基因HSCT ,急、慢GVHD是HSCT后CMV感染的重要危险因素 ,而年龄、性别、疾病种类、移植前CMV血清学状态、预处理方案与CMV感染无显著相关性。结论 :CMV感     

Bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immune deficiency

Context  Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using stem cells obtained from a family-related, HLA-identical donor (RID) is the optimal treatment for patients with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). In the absence of an RID, HLA-mismatched related donors (MMRDs) are often used. However, compared with RIDs, use of MMRDs for BMT is associated with reduced survival and inferior long-term immune reconstitution. Use of HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUDs) represents another potential alternative for BMT. Objective  To compare outcomes and immune reconstitution in a large cohort of patients with SCID who received RID, MUD, or MMRD BMT. Design, Setting, and Patients  Retrospective study of medical records from 94 infants diagnosed as having SCID who received BMT between 1990 and 2004 at 1 Canadian and 1 Italian pediatric referral center. Thirteen, 41, and 40 patients received RID, MUD, and MMRD BMT, respectively. Main Outcome Measures  Survival and graft failure, along with incidence of graft-vs-host disease, infections, and other complications; immune reconstitution was assessed in children who survived for more than 2 years after BMT. Results  Survival after RID BMT was highest. Twelve (92.3%) of 13 patients who received RID BMT, 33 (80.5%) of 41 who received MUD BMT, and 21 (52.5%) of 40 patients who received MMRD BMT survived. Compared with MMRD BMT, survival was significantly higher with RID (P = .008) or with MUD (P = .03). Graft failures and need for repeat BMT were more common in patients receiving MMRD BMT than in those who underwent MUD BMT. Long-term reconstitution of a full T-cell repertoire was achieved more frequently following MUD BMT (94.7%) than after MMRD BMT (61.1%) (P = .02). Acute graft-vs-host disease was documented in 73.1% of patients following MUD BMT but in only 45% after MMRD BMT (P = .009). Conversely, interstitial pneumonitis was observed more frequently after MMRD BMT (14 [35.0%] of 40) than after MUD BMT (3 [7.3%] of 41; P = .002). Conclusion  Our study suggests that in the absence of a relative with identical HLA, MUD BMT may provide better engraftment, immune reconstitution, and survival for patients with SCID than MMRD BMT.      

异基因造血干细胞移植患者术后皮肤移植物抗宿主病的临床分析及护理对策

  目的  探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)术后皮肤移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease,GVHD)的临床特征和相关危险因素,并提出防治皮肤GVHD的护理对策。  方法  回顾性分析2008年6月—2019年12月在接受allo-HSCT一次成功且随访半年以上的152例患者的临床资料。记录患者移植相关数据资料,包括皮肤GVHD发生情况、供受者条件、疾病相关信息等。随访至2020年6月22日,采用住院记录、门诊、电话和微信平台等随访方式。皮肤GVHD患者根据其分级或严重程度不同给予个性化的综合护理干预措施。  结果  152例allo-HSCT术后患者,共确诊94例皮肤GVHD,发生率为61.84%,其中急性者36例(23.68%),慢性者69例(45.39%)。多因素分析中,高危患者、血型不相合、HLA配型不合和发生系统性慢性GVHD是皮肤GVHD的重要危险因素。94例皮肤GVHD患者经过治疗护理后,70例患者皮肤损伤好转,24例死亡,病死率为25.53%。  结论  皮肤GVHD严重影响患者的日常生活和预后,应优先选择血型相合、HLA配型相合的供者,同时需制定出有效的护理干预方案以减轻患者皮肤损伤程度。      

异基因造血干细胞移植后侵袭性真菌感染发生的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的 探讨恶性血液病异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)的临床特点和影响移植后IFI发生与转归危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2008年12月193例单中心allo-HSCT患者移植后IFI发生率和转归,采用双变量相关分析和二分类Logistic回归分析方法,分别分析供者来源、HLA配型、干细胞来源、白细胞植入、移植前IFI病史和状态、移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防方案、急性与慢性GVHD对IFI发生和转归的影响.结果 移植后IFI 2年累计发生率为34.0%±4.0%,一级与二级预防突破性IFI发生率分别为3.8%与21.1%(P=0.000);84.2%患者IFI发生在移植后半年内;在可检测的病原菌中,霉菌与酵母菌分别为68.1%与27.7%;肺部与非肺部感染分别为84.2%与15.8%.IFI治疗总有效率为67.3%,其中完全缓解率为44.2%;移植后初发感染与复发患者对抗真菌药物的疗效比较统计学差异无显著性意义,IFI相关致死率为38.5%.多因素分析急性GVHD是影响IFI发生和转归的危险因素.结论 allo-HSCT后IFI以肺部霉菌最常见,有IFI病史患者不是allo-HSCT的绝对禁忌证,急性GVHD是影响IFI发生和转归的危险因素.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的疗效观察

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2001年1月至2011年12月110例CML患者,慢性期93例、加速期8例、急变期9例,97例接受亲缘移植,13例接受非亲缘移植。接受改良Bu/Cy、全身照射联合Bu/Cy预处理方案分别为96、14例。接受环孢素(CsA)联合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和CsA、MTX、麦考酚酯或抗胸腺细胞球蛋白预防移植物抗宿主病分别有86例和24例。结果:移植后5年感染率37.3%,巨细胞病毒血症发生率30.9%。急性移植物抗宿主病26例,慢性移植物抗宿主病46例。移植相关死亡(TRM)18例,10例死于GVHD,8例死于严重感染。结论:allo-HSCT是治疗CML有效手段,慢性期治疗效果好。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒间质性肺炎

目的：探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(Allo-PBSCT)后间质性肺炎（IP）的病因,危险因素及防治方法。方法;将Allo-PBSCT患者分为更昔洛韦（GCV）预防组18例和对照组（未预防组）22例,比较两组巨细胞病毒南性肺炎（CMV－IP）的发生率。结果：对照组Allo-PBSCT患者中并发CMV－IP5例,预防组无1例发生CMV－IP。发生CMV－IP的高危因素为女性供者,合并移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。4例治愈,1例治疗无效死亡。结论：Allo-PBSCT后CMV感染是IP的主要病因,IP的发生与GVHD严重程度及妇性供者密切相关,GCV能有效预防和治疗CMV－IP。     

异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗白血病

目的探讨异基因外周血干细胞移植(allo-PBSCT)的造血重建,移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的发生情况及其疗效。方法对我院13例allo-PBSCT患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。供者均系患者的同胞兄弟姐妹,12例HLA完全相合,1例HLA半相合。以G-CSF为外周血干细胞动员剂,分离单个核细胞(MNC);采用环孢菌素A和短程氨甲喋呤或甲基强的松龙预防GVHD;BU-CY2方案预处理。结果中性粒细胞＞0.5×10     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗血液病12例临床分析

目的:研究和探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗血液病的临床疗效。方法:总结12例血液病患者经allo-HSCT及4例供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI)治疗的临床资料。结果:12例患者allo-HSCT后均获得造血重建,且经荧光原位杂交(FISH)或短串联重复-聚合酶链反应分析证实均为完全供者型造血,中性粒细胞(ANC)≥0.5×109/L的平均时间为11(10-19)天,血小板≥20×109/L的平均时间为22(12-44)天。5例发生急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),2例慢性CVHD。巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染2例,所有患者均未发生肝静脉阻塞综合征(HVOD)。4例allo-HSCT后出现复发后经用DLI治疗,3例又达完全缓解。12例中9例现仍持续完全缓解(移植后45-350天)。结论:异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗血液病的有效方法,尤其对于复发难治性恶性血液病有一定的疗效,移植后复发应尽早进行DII。     

造血干细胞移植后患者血浆巨细胞病毒DNA拷贝数与巨细胞病毒病的关系

目的 评价实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RQ-PCR)法监测造血干细胞移植后患者血浆巨细胞病毒(CMV)DNA水平的临床意义.方法 对2005年1月至2007年1月之间进行异基因造血干细胞移植的318例患者,自移植应采用RQ-PCR每周监测血浆CMV-DNA水平,6×102拷贝/ml视为CMV-PCR阳性.结果 共136例患者(42.8%)检测出1025例次血浆CMV-DNA阳性,首次阳性出现的中位时间为42 d,最高拷贝数及初始拷贝数中位值分别为1.5×104拷贝/ml和4.5×103拷贝/ml.318例患者中共发生CMV肺炎及肠炎23例,累积发病率为7.2%.14例患者在发生CMV病之前出现CMV血症,4例在出现临床表现后方检测出病毒阳性,另有5例CMV血症阴性的患者诊断为CMV疾病.发生CMV病的患者其CMV-DNA最高拷贝数高于未发生组患者(4.3×104拷贝/ml比1.3×104拷贝/ml,P=0.009),但初始拷贝数差异无统计学意义(3.7×103拷贝/ml比4.7×103拷贝/ml,P=0.63).CMV-DNA最高拷贝数随着发生CMV感染的次数增加而增高,在发生CMV感染1～4次的患者中,中位数值分别为82.6×102、261.3×102、440.8×102和10 659.0×102拷贝/ml(P<0.01),且CMV肺炎及CMV肠炎发病率也从2.7%(5/182)明显上升至50%(2/4)(P=0.001).结论 采用RQ-PCR法监测造血干细胞移植后患者血浆CMV-DNA水平对CMV病的发生有一定的预测意义,高CMV-DNA拷贝数及多次感染者预示着CMV病发生概率升高.     

输血后HBV EBV CMV感染的系列研究——Ⅱ输血后EBV CMV抗体反应的研究

用酶联免疫法对受血者及健康对照者进行为期6个月EBV CMV抗体反应的血清学追踪调查,发现受血者、对照者EBV感染再活动率分别为31.86%和15.24%,相对危险度(RR)为2.09;CMV感染再活动率分别为33.33%和10.48%,RR为3.18     

Risk factors and incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in Mexican kidney recipients

BACKGROUND: Many risk factors are associated with the development of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), which has adverse effects on graft and patient survival. We report the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of PTDM in Mexican kidney recipients. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we included kidney transplants performed between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2000; all patients were followed up for at least 1 year posttransplantation. PTDM was defined as fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL on at least two occasions. Statistical analysis included estimation of crude relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjusted RR and 95% CI by logistic regression were used. RESULTS: We studied 522 kidney recipients. Fifty three (10.1%) cases of PTDM were identified in this cohort. Cumulative dosage of prednisone (PDN) >13 g (RR 7.6, 95% CI 1.5-16.3 p <0.0001) and the presence of >or=1 acute rejection episodes (RR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2-11.6 p <0.001 were independent risk factors associated with the development of PTDM. Obesity (RR 2.6, 95% CI 0.8-8.7, p = 0.083) and age range of 40-49 years (RR 2.0; 95% CI 0.6-7.2, p = 0.093) were identified as marginal risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PTDM in kidney recipients was 10.1% in our population. Cumulative PDN dosage and presence of >or=1 acute rejection episodes were independent risk factors for the development of PTDM. These results are consistent with prior studies of the diabetogenic effect of the PDN. The relationship between acute rejection and PTDM deserves further investigation in order to learn more about the role that inflammatory mechanisms may play in this association.     

应用霉酚酸酯治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病

目的 回顾性分析总结霉酚酸酯(MMF)联合环孢素A或普乐可复(CsA/FKS06)治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后急、慢性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的安全性和有效性.方法 44例患者中,确诊白血病的38例;骨髓异常增生综合征(MDS)4例,重症再生障碍性贫血(SAA)2例,移植方式包括同胞相合移植23例,亲缘间配型不合移植21例.预处理方案,白血病和MDS患者采用改良马利兰加环磷酰胺(BuCy)预处理方案;SAA患者采用cy加抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)方案.GVHD预防采用标准的CsA加短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)联合MMF的预防方案.急性GVHD(aGVHD)和慢性GVHD(cGVHD)诊断和分级采用国际公认标准.MMF分别作为一线联合CsA/FKS06及皮质激素(PSE)抗GVHD治疗,以及二线挽救性抗GVHD联合治疗.结果 移植后15例患者诊为aGVHD,29例诊为cGVHD.19例(44.1%)患者应用MMF联作为一线抗GVHD治疗;25例作为二线挽救性治疗.aGVHD总有效率80%,完全有效(CR)33.33%,部分有效(PR)46.66%,其中一线治疗有效率70%,二线治疗有效率100%,有效病例中58.3%的患者实现PSE减量.cGVHD总有效率86.2%,其中CR 41.37%,PR 44.83%,一线治疗有效率100%,二线治疗有效率84.21%,有效病例中70.83%患者实现PSE减量.应用MMF联合方案过程中7例出现副作用,均为可逆性.感染并发症34.09%,仅1例因并发肺部感染和间质性肺炎而死亡.中位随访期22(10～65)个月,36例(81.82%)患者存活.结论 MMF联合CsA/FK506可有效治疗aGVHD和cGVHD,并具有较好的耐受性.     

Predictors of acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes

CONTEXT: Diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia are acute complications of type 1 diabetes that are related, respectively, to insufficient or excessive insulin treatment. However, little is known about additional modifiable risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia in children with diabetes and to determine the factors that predict these complications. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 1243 children from infancy to age 19 years with type 1 diabetes who resided in the Denver, Colo, metropolitan area were followed up prospectively for 3994 person-years from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of ketoacidosis leading to hospital admission or emergency department visit and severe hypoglycemia (loss of consciousness, seizure, or hospital admission or emergency department visit). RESULTS: The incidence of ketoacidosis was 8 per 100 person-years and increased with age in girls (4 per 100 person-years in < 7; 8 in 7-12; and 12 in > or =13 years; P<.001 for trend). In multivariate analyses, sex-adjusted and stratified by age (<13 vs > or =13 years), the risk of ketoacidosis in younger children increased with higher hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) (relative risk [RR], 1.68 per 1% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-1.94) and higher reported insulin dose (RR, 1.40 per 0.2 U/kg per day; 95% CI, 1.20-1.64). In older children, the risk of ketoacidosis increased with higher HbA(1c) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.30-1.58), higher reported insulin dose (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25), underinsurance (RR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.65-2.95), and presence of psychiatric disorders (for boys, RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.96-2.65; for girls, RR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.25-4.61). The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 19 per 100 person-years (P<.001 for trend) and decreased with age in girls (24 per 100 patient-years in < 7, 19 in 7-12, and 14 in > or =13 years). In younger children, the risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with diabetes duration (RR, 1.39 per 5 years; 95% CI, 1.16-1.69) and underinsurance (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.65). In older children, the risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with duration (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.51), underinsurance (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11-1.81), lower HbA(1c) (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32), and presence of psychiatric disorders (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23-1.98). Eighty percent of episodes occurred among the 20% of children who had recurrent events. CONCLUSIONS: Some children with diabetes remain at high risk for ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. Age- and sex-specific incidence patterns suggest that ketoacidosis is a challenge in adolescent girls while severe hypoglycemia continues to affect disproportionally the youngest patients and boys of all ages. The pattern of modifiable risk factors indicates that underinsured children and those with psychiatric disorders or at the extremes of the HbA(1c) distribution should be targeted for specific interventions.     

不同强度预处理方案用于系列不明急性白血病异基因造血干细胞移植的疗效比较

目的 分析两种不同强度预处理方案对系列不明急性白血病(ALAL)异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析南方医科大学附属南方医院血液内科2002年3月至2010年8月38例ALAL患者临床资料.标准清髓性预处理方案为全身放疗+环磷酰胺或白消安+环磷酰胺;超强预处理方案为氟达拉滨+阿糖胞苷+全身放疗+环磷酰胺.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防在人白细胞抗原(HLA)全相合相关移植患者用环孢素A(CsA)+甲氨蝶呤(MTX),HLA不相合相关移植及无关移植患者采用CsA+MTX+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白和(或)霉酚酸酯.COX模型分析影响长生存的因素.结果 19例患者接受标准预处理方案;19例接受超强预处理方案.移植后38例患者均获造血重建,5年累计总体总生存(OS)和无病生存(DFS)率分别为35.5%和25.7%;标准预处理组和超强预处理组5年0s率分别为20.2%与48.1%(P=0.233)、DFS为6.5%与43.1%(P:0.031).38例患者移植后5年白血病累计复发率为58.9%,标准预处理组和超强预处理组分别为87.6%和30.4%(P=0.003).COX单因素分析显示:超强预处理及慢性GVHD为DFS的保护因素(P=0.001、0.031).结论 在allo-HSCT中应用超强预处理能改善ALAL患者的生存及减少复发,移植物抗白血病效应对ALAL患者具有一定疗效.

Abstract：

objective To evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)in the conditionings of different intensities for acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage(ALJAL). Methods A total of 38 ALAL patients were treated with two conditionings of different intensities in our hospital from March 2002 to August 2010. The standard conditioning included TBI+Cy or Bu+Cy,intensified conditioning included Fludarabine+Ara-C+TBI+Cy. Cyelosporine A(CsA)and methotrexate (MTX) were administered in patients with human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor. And CsA, MTXplus antihuman thymocyte globulin and/or mycophenolate were used in all patients with HLA-A-mismatched related donor and unrelated donors transplants for graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)prophylaxis. COX regression was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of ALAL Results Among 38 ALAL patients,19received the standard conditioning while another 19 the intensified conditioning. All patients achieved hematopoietic reconstitution. The 5-year overall survival(OS)and the disease-free survival(DFS)were 35. 5%and25. 7%respectivelv. The 5-year OS rates were 20. 2%and48. 1%(P=0. 233)and DFS 6. 5%and 43. 1%(P=0. 031)in the standard and intensified conditioning groups respectively. The 5-year cumulative relapsing incidence was 58. 9%in all patients and 87. 6% vs 30. 4% in the standard and intensifted conditioning groups respectively(P=0. 003). Through a COX regression model for univariate analysis, the intensified conditioning and chronic GVHD were protective factors for DFS (P = 0. 001,0. 031 ). Conclusions The intensified conditioning in ALAL patients undergoing allo-HSCT may improve the long-term patient survival and decrease the relapse of leukemia. The graft versus leukemic effect has some efficacy in ALAL patients undergoing allo-HSCT.