脐血CD34^＋细胞和外周血单核细胞两种来源的树突状细胞特性？…

目的 体外大量扩增和纯化具有典型表型、形态和功能的树突状细胞（ＤＣ）、以进行相关基础研究和临床应用。方法 采用免疫磁珠江分离脐血ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞及外周血去Ｂ、去Ｔ淋巴细胞的单个核细胞（单核细胞）,然后以ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－４、ＴＮＦα、Ｆｌｔ３配基（ＦＬ）、ＳＣＦ等不同的细胞因子配伍分别诱生ＤＣ,通过流式细胞仪、电镜、光镜分析其特性,同时检测其刺激同种Ｔ细胞增殖的能力。结果 脐民外周血诱生ＤＣ的方     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子α对脐血CD34+造血细胞体外扩增的调节作用

体外实验表明,在重组造血生长因子作用下,纯化的造血干/祖细胞(ＣＤ34 细胞)可获得大量的扩增。然而,造血细胞在体外扩增的同时,也明显地加速了其分化,造血负调控因子与不同细胞因子组合配伍,可提高扩增效率,并使扩增导致的细胞分化明显减缓。因此,我们观察了重组人肿瘤坏死因子α(ｒｈＴＮＦα)对脐血ＣＤ34 造血细胞体外扩增的调节作用。料和方法1　细胞来源　在无菌条件下,密闭式采集母体健康的正常足月顺产儿脐血,肝素抗凝(20Ｕ/ｍｌ),平均采血量(59±25)ｍｌ,样品在采集后24小时内处理,Ｆｉｃｏｌｌ(相对密度1077)梯度离心,收集界面层…     

人类脐血CD34^＋细胞的研究进展

本文综述了近年来对脐血ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞（即造血干／祖细胞）的研究进展，表明虽脐血ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞水平低于正常成人骨髓，但其干细胞比例较高且造血功能较强，有利于移植后长期造血的重建。     

脐血CD34+CD38-早期造血祖细胞的体外增殖和凋亡

为了从适龄产妇脐血中分离出CD34^ CD38^-细胞，在体外较长时间培养后观察分析CD34^ CD38^-细胞分裂增殖、凋亡以及干细胞因子对CD34^ CD38^-细胞增殖的影响，用流式细胞仪从10例健康产妇脐血中分选出CD34^ 和CD38^-标记的脐血原始细胞．在添加IL-3、IL-6、GM—CSF、EPO、IGF—1和SCF6种混合因子的干细胞培养基中培养6个月，观察细胞并绘制生长曲线，用单细胞凝胶电泳检测干细胞因子对CD34^ CD38^-细胞生长的影响和用流式细胞仪检测CD34’CD38细胞凋亡情况。结果表明：脐血CD34^ CD38^-细胞可在体外较长时间培养增殖，无异常或过度的细胞凋亡发生。结论：通过控制培养条件，脐血CD34^ CD38^-早期造血祖细胞可在体外较长时间培养增殖，以作为大量脐血原始细胞移植的细胞来源.     

脐血中CD34+CD38+细胞含量对急性白血病患者移植后造血重建的影响

为了探讨非亲缘脐血移植中CD34+ CD38+ 细胞回输量对造血重建的影响 ,采用流式细胞术分析复苏后的CD34+ CD38+ 细胞数 ,并对 2 0例急性白血病患者的体重、中性粒细胞 (ANC)和血小板 (Plt)恢复时间进行测定。结果表明 :2 0例接受的CD34+ CD38+ 细胞输入量为 (9.85 - 32 5 .71)× 10 4/kg ,其ANC恢复 >5× 10 8/L的中位时间为 18 5 (11- 32 )天。在 19例患者中Plt恢复 >2× 10 10 /L的中位时间为 4 5 (12 - 118)天。CD34+ CD38+ 细胞输入量与ANC和Plt恢复时间存在相关 ,r值分别为 - 0 .5 77(P <0 .0 1)和 - 0 .5 0 3(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :CD34+ CD38+细胞含量与造血恢复时间相关 ,足量输入CD34+ CD38+ 细胞可能使植入提前     

脐血CD34+细胞的分离与纯化

脐血造血干细胞的分离是进行干细胞移植、体外扩增培养的关键.研究采用明胶自然沉降法、Fi-coll分层法分离脐血MNC后,用MACS分离纯化CD34+细胞,计数并用流式细胞仪进行纯度分析.结果显示每份脐血的采集量平均为95±52 ml,3 g/dl明胶自然沉降法所获MNC密度平均为(5.76±0.67)×107/ml;CD34+细胞密度平均为(5.53±1.16)×105/ml,较Ficoll分层法高(P＜0.01).因此,3 g/dl明胶自然沉降法是一种较理想的分离MNC的方法,用明胶沉降法和MACS相结合是分离脐血CD34+细胞的理想方法.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞与脐血CD34+细胞体外扩增

为了研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)及细胞因子对脐血CD34 造血祖细胞体外扩增的作用,及其扩增作用 对细胞黏附分子的影响,用免疫磁珠富集脐血CD34 细胞,然后接种到含有或不含有MSC和细胞因子的24孔培 养板,体外培养1周,观察不同指标并进行组间比较。结果表明:①SDF-1α SCF TPO FL因子组合与SCF TPO FL因子组合对脐血CD34 细胞的扩增作用无显著性差异(无论有无MSC细胞层存在)(P>0.05);②MSC 与上述细胞因子共存的培养体系优于相应的单纯细胞因子培养体系(P<0.05);③扩增前与扩增后脐血造血祖 细胞黏附分子CD44的表达没有明显变化。结论:趋化因子SDF-1α对SCF TPO FL因子组合的扩增作用无显 著影响;MSC增加细胞因子的脐血细胞体外扩增的作用;体外扩增不影响跻血细胞黏附分子CD44的表达。     

两步法扩增诱导脐血及动员外周血CD34+细胞来源树突状细胞的比较

为了比较先扩增、后诱导的两步法从脐血(CB)CD34+细胞和动员外周血(MPB)CD34+细胞诱导所得DC的产量及功能,将免疫磁珠分选获得的CB-CD34+细胞和MPB-CD34+细胞用FL、TPO、SCF、GM-CSF等细胞因子先扩增10天,然后加入GM-CSF、IL-4及TNF-α、CD40Ab、PGE2等细胞因子组合诱导获得DC.采用流式细胞仪检测DC表型,混合淋巴细胞培养检测DC刺激异基因T细胞增殖能力,ELISA法检测DC分泌IL-12能力,Transwell板检测DC在次级淋巴组织趋化因子(SLC)介导下的趋化功能.结果表明 ①扩增10天时CB组、MPB组细胞中CD14+CD1a-细胞含量无显著差异[(40.48±16.85)% vs (28.07±23.19)%, P＞0.05].但由于CB组细胞扩增倍数显著高于MPB组(388.88±84.63倍vs 79.67±10.32倍, P＜0.01),CB组CD14+CD1a-细胞扩增倍数显著高于MPB组(189.42±25.02倍vs 28.74±23.27倍, P＜0.01); ②TNF-α/CD40Ab/PGE2条件下与TNF-α条件下相比,CB组和MPB组所得DC均表达更高的CD83[分别为(34.52±11.22)% vs (3.70±2.27)%、(36.69±13.36)% vs (7.34±3.364)%, P均＜0.01]; ③CB组与MPB组在TNF-α/CD40Ab/PGE2诱导条件下所得DC均高水平表达CD83、CD86、HLA-DR、CD11c、CD54、CD40,CB组所得CD83+细胞的扩增倍数显著高于MPB组(198.72±117.53倍vs 33.95±6.19倍,P＜0.01); ④CD40Ab/PGE2/TNF-α条件下CB与MPB来源的DC在刺激异基因T细胞增殖、IL-12的分泌[(16.2±4.31)pg/ml vs (13.5±4.1)pg/ml]以及SLC介导的迁移率[(28.09±7.76)% vs (18.5±3.47)%]上均无显著差别(P均＞0.05).结论 在两步法培养体系下,CB-CD34+细胞与MPB-CD34+细胞来源的DC具有相同的功能,而前者产量显著高于后者.     

脐血及白血病缓解期骨髓中CD34+细胞筛选及体外扩增

脐血及白血病缓解期骨髓中ＣＤ３４＋细胞筛选及体外扩增姜容韩明哲赵英新韩俊领冯四洲李成文严文伟造血干细胞体外扩增对于造血干细胞移植、基因治疗等研究有着重要的意义。脐血干细胞的有效扩增可望将脐血用于成人移植［１］，可使骨髓移植患者在移植后快速渡过造血危相...     

三种标记法对脐血CD34+造血干细胞绝对计数的比较分析

CD34抗原的相对分子质量为105000～120000，选择性表达于早期造血干/祖细胞、小血管内皮细胞和胚胎纤维母细胞表面，该抗原在原始造血中表达最强，随着细胸分化、其表达水平逐渐减弱直至消失，因此一直作为干/祖细胞表面的一种特征性标志而广泛应用于造血干细胞基础研究和临床。脐带血中含有丰富的造血干/祖细胞，被认为是极具潜力的继骨髓和外周血后的第3种造血干细胞来源。     

Generation of dendritic cells from adherent cells of cord blood by culture with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Although dendritic cells (DC) can be cultured from cord blood (CB) CD34+ progenitor cells, the generation of DC from CB monocytes has not been reported. In this paper, we explored the generation of DC from CB monocytes to establish the simplest way to obtain a substantial number of DC from CB. We isolated monocytes from CB mononuclear cells (CB-MNC) by the plastic adherence method. These adherent cells (monocyte-rich cells) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or in serum-free X-VIVO 15 medium (SFM) for 7 days, both of which contained 100 ng/ml granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and 10 ng/ml interleukin-4 (IL-4) with or without 10 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (added at day 5). In the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, CB-adherent cells became nonadherent, acquired DC morphology, and showed increased expression of CD1a, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR; they lost membrane CD14 and some cells with the expression of CD83 and CMRF-44 were generated. With the addition of TNF-alpha to these cultures and culturing for further 2 days, the proportion of CD83+ cells was elevated in both the FBS and SFM culture systems, compared with the culture without TNF-alpha. In the culture with TNF-alpha, cells expressing CD1a, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ were markedly increased. TNF-alpha-treated cells were demonstrated to be stronger stimulators for proliferation of both allogeneic CB lymphocytes and PB lymphocytes than were cells not treated with TNF-alpha. The yield of CD83+ DC at day 7 of cultures was 4.9 +/- 1.1 x 10(5) or 3.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(5) per 1.2 x 10(7) CB-MNC plated initially when cultured in FBS or SFM, respectively. These results have shown that a substantial number of mature DC could be generated from CB-adherent cells even by serum-free culture. We then compared these CB-adherent cell-derived DC (CB-DC) with peripheral blood (PB)-adherent cell-derived DC (PB-DC) in cell-surface phenotype and function. We found day 7 CB-DC have lower expression of CD80, CD1a, CD83, and CMRF-44 than day 7 PB-DC, but CB-DC have a similar capacity to stimulate the proliferation of both allo-CB lymphocytes and PB lymphocytes, compared with PB-DC. CB-DC cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 have almost identical capacity of phagocytosis to take up fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and Lucifer yellow (LY), compared with PB-DC. In summary, our findings suggest CB adherent cells, when cultured with GM-CSF, IL-4, and TNF-alpha, are a potent source of functional DC. Thus, CB-DC as well as PB-DC may become valuable tools for immunotherapy.     

A simple two-step culture system for the large-scale generation of mature and functional dendritic cells from umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells

BACKGROUND: In vitro generated dendritic cells (DCs) are widely used as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. The major sources for DC generation are monocytes and CD34+ cells. CD34+-derived DCs are less frequently used in clinical applications because it requires complex generation methods. Here a simple method for the large-scale generation of mature functional DCs from umbilical cord blood–derived CD34+ cells is described.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CD34+ cells were first expanded with a combination of early acting growth factors in a medium containing autologous plasma. In the second step the DC precursors were further either enriched by plastic adherence or sorted on a cell sorter and differentiated as DCs. DCs generated by both methods were compared for their morphology, phenotype, and different functional variables.
RESULTS: This culture system provided a large-scale expansion of CD34+ cells giving a mean fold increase of 615. The majority of the expanded cells were interstitial DC precursors, that is, CD14+-positive cells. In vitro generated immature DCs could be matured into functional DCs by appropriate maturation stimuli. DCs generated by the plastic adherence method had a better cytokine profile and strong mixed leukocyte reaction compared to those generated by cell sorting.
CONCLUSION: A two-step culture system provides a large-scale expansion of CD34+ cells with a preferential lineage commitment toward CD14+ cells. Enrichment of these precursors with a simple plastic adherence technique results in generation of large numbers of mature, functional DCs. This method of in vitro DC generation will have applications in cancer immunotherapy.     

High level of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into dendritic cells derived from cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells

Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, can be generated from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and used for generating therapeutic immune responses. To develop immunotherapy protocols based on genetically modified DCs, we have investigated the conditions for high-level transduction of a large amount of CD34+-derived DCs. Thus, we have used an efficient and clinically applicable protocol for the retroviral transduction of cord blood (CB) or mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) CD34+ cells based on infection with gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)-pseudotyped retroviral vectors carrying the nls-LacZ reporter gene. Infected cells have been subsequently cultured under conditions allowing their dendritic differentiation. The results show that using a growth factor combination including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus tumor necrosis factor alpha plus interleukin 4 plus stem cell factor plus Flt3 ligand, more than 70% of DCs derived from CB or MPB CD34+ cells can be transduced. Semiquantitative PCR indicates that at least two proviral copies per cell were detected. Transduced DCs retain normal immunophenotype and potent T cell stimulatory capacity. Finally, by using a semisolid methylcellulose assay for dendritic progenitors (CFU-DCs), we show that more than 90% of CFU-DCs can be transduced. Such a highly efficient retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into CD34+-derived DCs makes it possible to envision the use of this methodology in clinical trials.     

两步法从脐血CD34+细胞获得大量树突细胞的初步研究

目的　探索利用先扩增后诱导的“两步法”从脐血 (CB)CD34 细胞高效大量地获得树突细胞 (DC)。方法　免疫磁珠法从CB分选获得CD34 细胞 ,以干细胞因子 (SCF)、IL 3、Flt 3配体 (FL)、Tpo组合刺激 ,扩增 7d、10d和 14d(依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组 )后以GM CSF IL 4 TNF α诱导 8d或 5d获得DC ,通过相差显微镜、电镜观察形态 ,流式细胞仪检测表型 ,混合淋巴细胞培养、ELISA法检测培养液上清IL 12含量评价其功能。结果　CBCD34 细胞经SCF IL 3 FL Tpo刺激扩增 7d、10d和 14d后细胞总数分别扩增了 (5 3.39± 2 0 .5 9)倍、(30 7.17± 119.5 9)倍和 (1117.2 5± 335 .4 9)倍。经GM CSF IL 4 TNF α诱导 8d后所得CD1a 细胞是扩增前细胞数的 (2 1.4 0± 16 .70 )倍、(14 3.2 0± 6 0 .35 )倍和(15 0 .80± 4 2 .16 )倍 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显多于Ⅰ组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ组间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。所得DC的形态、表型及刺激异基因T细胞增殖能力、IL 12分泌量 ,三组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。当诱导时间缩短至 5d时 ,各组DC功能均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CBCD34 细胞扩增 7～ 10d再诱导 8d可以高效大量获得具有正常功能的DC ,而扩增时间超过 10d并不能显著增加DC产量 ,诱导时间少于8d将降低所得DC     

高迁移率族蛋白B1对人脐血造血干细胞增殖分化的影响

目的 观察辐射后骨髓基质细胞(MSC)高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)的释放,研究HMGB1对人脐血造血干细胞(HSC)增殖分化的影响.方法 体外培养人骨髓MSC,利用ELISA方法 检测经12 Gy γ射线照射后培养上清中HMGB1含量的变化.HMGB1与CD34~+的人脐血HSC体外液体共培养6 d,通过流式细胞术检测CD34~+细胞分化指标(CD13、CD14、CD11c、CD41、CD71)的变化.集落形成实验观察HMGB1对HSC增殖分化的影响.结果辐射后,骨髓MSC培养上清中HMGBl含量为(4.3±0.9)ng/ml,较对照组HMGB1含量[(0.4±0.2)ng/ml]明显升高(P＜0.01).脐血CD34~+细胞表面表达HMGB1受体RAGE、TLR2和TLR4.HSC与HMGB1共培养6d后,与对照组比较,红系(CD71)和粒单系(CD13、CD14、CD11c)标记的表达明显增强,分别为CD13(18.4±3.8)%和(32.6±5.9)%、CD14(12.6±2.7)%和(25.4±4.4)%、CD11c(9.8±2.1)%和(20.3±3.9)%、CD71(26.6±4.6)%和(47.1±7.4)%,而巨核系标记CD41的表达[(1.1±0.4)%和(1.3±0.5)%]无明显变化.集落形成实验示共培养14 d后,红系集落、粒-巨噬细胞集落和总集落的生成较对照组明显增多(P＜0.05),联用抗-TLR2和抗-TLR4抗体可部分抑制这一作用.结论 辐射促进骨髓MSC释放HMGB1,胞外HMGB1可以促进HSC的增殖分化.辐射后,骨髓MSC释放的HMGB1与造血恢复或造血重建的关系值得进一步研究.     

In vitro clinical-grade generation of red blood cells from human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells

BACKGROUND: There is no appropriate alternative source of red blood cells (RBCs) to relieve the worsening shortage of blood available for transfusion. Therefore, in vitro generation of clinically available RBCs from hematopoietic stem cells could be a promising new source to supplement the blood supply. However, there have been few studies about the generation of clinical‐grade RBCs by coculture on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and various cytokine supplements, even though the production of pure RBCs requires coculture on stromal cells and proper cytokine supplements. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Umbilical cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells were cultured in serum‐free medium supplemented with two cytokine sets of stem cell factor (SCF) plus interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) plus erythropoietin (EPO) and SCF plus IL‐3 plus EPO plus thrombopoietin (TPO) plus Flt‐3 for 1 week, followed by coculture upon MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) or CB for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Almost pure clinical‐grade RBCs could be generated by coculturing with CB‐MSCs but not BM‐MSCs. Expansion fold and enucleation rate were significantly higher in coculture with CB‐MSCs than BM‐MSCs. Despite a 2.5‐fold expansion of erythroblasts in the presence of TPO and Flt‐3 for 8 days, the final RBC count was higher without TPO and Flt‐3. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report on generating clinical‐grade RBCs by in vitro culture with human MSCs and compared effectiveness of several cytokines for RBC production. This provides a useful basis for future production of clinically available RBCs and a model of erythropoiesis that is analogous to the in vivo system.     

脐血CD34+细胞体外扩增诱导成熟树突状细胞实验研究

目的建立体外诱导和扩增人脐血树突状细胞（DC）的方法,并进行生物学鉴定。方法脐血细胞经免疫磁珠法分离纯化为CD34^＋细胞,加入细胞因子（GM-CSF和TNF-α培养约2周,光镜观察培养的DC形态学特征;通过与同种T细胞混合培养,采用MTT比色分析法测定不同浓度的DC激发同种T细胞增殖的能力。结果培养的DC胞浆突起大而长,呈树突状,具有DC的典型形态,并且具有强烈的激发同种异体T细胞增殖的能力。结论从脐血细胞分离纯化CD34^＋细胞,加入细胞因子（GM-CSF和TNF-α培养,能获得大量、较高纯度的DC。DC具有强烈的激发同种异体T细胞增殖的能力。     

培养条件对CD34~+细胞体外诱导分化和扩增红细胞的影响

目的观察培养基以及细胞接种密度对体外诱导CD34+细胞向红细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法将脐血来源的CD34+细胞用无血清培养基或含10%胎牛血清(FCS)的IMDM培养基培养(6孔培养板,3ml/孔),添加的细胞因子为100ng/ml干细胞因子(SCF)、5ng/ml白细胞介素3(IL-3)、3IU/ml促红细胞生成素(EPO),细胞初始接种密度为104/ml或105/ml,并通过间充质干细胞(MSC)的支持培养来诱导其向红系细胞扩增和分化。结果培养23d后,无血清培养基组细胞扩增倍数达到2.54×105倍,其中红系细胞>95%,而IMDM/5%FCS组的最大扩增倍数只有1.84×104倍,其中的红系细胞约占40%。培养8d后初始接种密度为104/ml的CD34+细胞增殖(420±40)倍,而105/ml的CD34+细胞增殖(162±45)倍。结论CD34+细胞在无血清培养基中的扩增倍数以及最终诱导出的红细胞,都明显高于在IMDM/10%FCS培养基中所占比例,104/ml的CD34+细胞接种密度比105/ml更有利于细胞的扩增。