伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病一例

1病例简介先证者,男性,57岁,因“行走不稳、记忆力减退8年,加重伴尿失禁6个月”,收入北京天坛医院神经内科。患者8年前无明显诱因突发走路向一侧偏,即就诊于当地医院,诊断为“脑梗死”,给予活血化淤等治疗,当日恢复正常。     

伴有皮质下梗死及白质脑病的常染色体隐性遗传性脑动脉病

1985年福武敏夫报告一个家族性青年起病,临床以秃头、腰痛、白质脑病为特征的新的综合征(伴有皮质下梗死及白质脑病的常染色体隐性遗传性脑动脉病,CARASIL)。CARASIL,具有与Binswanger病十分相似的血管性白质脑病的临床影像及病理学改变。但CARASIL有几点有别于典型的Binswanger病:①家族史;②青少年起病;③缺乏脑血管病的危险因子(尤其是高血压);④弥漫性秃头;⑤骨骼系统疾病。MRI T2加权及FLARI序列可见皮质深部白质高信号和基底节、丘脑腔隙梗死灶。CARASIL病因迄今不明,但文献资料已经证明不仅归属动脉硬化性脑病,而且为遗传性脑病的小血管病。     

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病机制研究进展

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病（CADASIL）是一种中年发病的遗传性脑小动脉病,典型临床表现是偏头痛发作、频发性皮质下短暂性脑缺血发作或缺血性脑卒中、认知功能下降和精神症状。该病由NOTCH3基因突变所致,但具体发病机制不清,可能与电子致密嗜锇颗粒沉积、NOTCH3蛋白信号通路异常、胶质细胞损伤及自噬功能异常、配体介导的内吞障碍和NOTCH3蛋白胞外区清除障碍有关。该文就近年CADASIL的致病机制研究进展进行了综述。国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(6): 63-67]     

皮肤活检对伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病诊断价值探讨

目的研究皮肤活检在伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)中的诊断价值。方法 12例患者分别来自4个不同的CADASIL家族,均以发作性头晕、头痛、卒中和痴呆为主要表现。基因检查证实均存在Notch3基因突变。12例患者均做皮肤活检,16例同龄的非CADASIL患者作为对照,评估超微结构GOM沉积方法和Notch3N-末端多克隆抗体免疫组化方法的敏感性和特异性。结果 12例患者超微结构GOM沉积的敏感性为58.3%,特异性为93.8%;而用Notch3N-末端多克隆抗体的免疫组化方法的敏感性66.6%,特异性96.9%;将两种方法结合其敏感性为91.7%,特异性为95.4%。结论将皮肤活检中超微结构GOM检查和Notch3N-末端多克隆抗体的免疫组化方法结合起来能有效提高CADASIL确诊率,可运用于CADASIL的诊断。     

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病（附l例报道）

目的 探讨伴有皮层下梗死和白质脑病(Cerebral autonomic dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病的临床特点和诊断方法。方法 对1例CADASIL患者的临床表现、影像学(MRI、CT )特点及皮肤活检等方面进行了探讨。结果 患者临床表现为反复发作的缺血性脑卒中、记忆力减退、假性球麻痹、MRI、CT见皮质下梗死和白质脑病的改变，皮肤活检显示小动脉含糖原颗粒，管腔狭窄，血管内皮下黑色嗜锇颗粒。结论 通过本病的临床特点、影像学和皮肤活检，可在生前进行诊断。     

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病1例

正1病例介绍患者女性,57岁。主因"突发右侧肢体活动不灵、言语不利13 h"于2019年1月21日至潍坊医学院附属医院门诊就诊。患者于13 h前无明显诱因出现右侧肢体活动不灵、言语不利,右上肢抬举费力、持物欠稳,不能自行站立行走,言语含糊不清,可理解他人语言,表达尚可,症状持续不缓解。急诊行头颅CT检查示:右侧基底节区、脑桥腔隙性脑梗死,脑白质疏松改变。为进一步诊治收入神经内科。既往史:否认高血压、糖尿病、冠心病史;     

NOTCH3基因Cys206*无义突变所致的伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病患者二例

目的探讨NOTCH3 Cys206~*无义突变所致的伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)的临床及影像学特征。方法分析河北省邢台市第三医院两例携带有新型NOTCH3基因突变患者的临床资料、家系发病情况、影像资料及基因检测情况。结果两例患者既往有卒中病史且伴有进行性认知功能减退,但没有常见的血管危险因素,头颅MRI提示脑室周围、外囊及颞极存在广泛的白质病变。NOTCH3基因检测结果提示两例均为c.618CA p.(Cys206~*)突变,该突变位点在CADASIL病例中尚未被报道。结论本文两例提示Noth3基因的无义突变(4号外显子,c.618CA,p.Cys206~*)患者也可表现出典型CADASIL的临床症状和影像学特点。     

1例伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病患者的家系分析及基因检测

目的分析伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)的临床特点。方法对1例先证CADASIL患者的临床表现、实验室检查、家系研究及基因检测进行分析,通过家系分析结合基因检测揭示该家系的遗传特征,结合文献资料探讨CADASIL的诊断和治疗进展。结果先证患者以反复发生缺血性脑卒中为主要临床表现,头颅MRI提示双侧基底节区、半卵圆中心、桥脑多发腔隙性梗死灶。家系分析4代34人中有13例CADASIL患者,症状轻重不等,已有8例患者可能因该病死亡,现患病者5例;另有头晕及一过性肢体无力症状2例,未经诊治。基因检测提示NOTCH3基因的第4号外显子点突变。结论该CADASIL患者及家系中患同病者符合常染色体显性遗传规律,家系分析和基因检测对CADASIL的诊断有重要意义,可揭示该病的遗传特征。     

伴脑出血的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的基因突变及临床特征(附2例报告)

目的探讨伴脑出血的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病(CADASIL)的基因突变、临床及影像学特征等。方法回顾性分析2例伴脑出血的CADASIL患者的临床和发病特征,并通过文献检索总结分析全球报道的所有伴脑出血的CADASIL患者。结果本研究中1例为46岁男性,出现小脑出血及丘脑出血,有高血压病及口服抗血小板药物史,NOTCH3基因突变为p. R544C;另1例为52岁女性,反复基底节、丘脑、放射冠出血,无相关危险因素,NOTCH3基因突变为p.C388Y,该突变是世界首位报道伴脑出血的CADASIL患者。文献检索共76例伴脑出血的CADASIL报道,其中在有基因说明的65位患者中R544C最常见(65.1%),脑出血部位主要为基底节区(29.1%)、丘脑(29.1%),其次为脑叶(19.0%)、小脑(11.4%)、脑干(6.3%)和放射冠(5.1%),部分患者伴高血压或有口服抗栓药物史。结论 CADASIL可能是脑出血的一种危险因素,临床上需要合理控制CADASIL患者的血压,谨慎使用抗栓药物,并可参考脑微出血MRI扫描情况评估出血风险。     

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病1例报告

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy,CADASIL)是一种中年发病的、非动脉硬化性、非淀粉样变性、遗传性脑小血管病.其发病与19号染色体上的Notch3基因突变有关.临床上以反复皮质下缺血性卒中发作、痴呆、假性球麻痹和偏头痛为特征.现将我院收治的1例CADASIL患者的诊治情况报告如下.     

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病的临床特点(附1家系报告)

目的 探讨伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)的临床特点.方法 对1例CADASIL患者及其家系的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 先证者以大脑皮质下梗死起病,伴有渐进性认知功能障碍.头颅MRI示皮质下多发梗死灶,脑白质疏松.NOTHC3基因检测为第3号外显子Arg110Cys突变,家系调查显示为常染色体显性遗传.结论 CADASIL临床表现主要为缺血性卒中、认知障碍、偏头痛及精神症状.MRI特征性改变是颞极白质T2的异常高信号.NOTCH3基因检查发现突变.     

伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病的临床、影像和病理学一例分析

目的探讨伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)的临床特点、影像和病理学特征,提高对CADASIL的认识。方法对一例CADASIL患者的临床表现、影像学表现及皮肤活检进行总结。结果患者妊娠晚期发病,表现为反复的缺血性卒中发作,头颅MRI见皮质下梗死和白质脑病的改变,皮肤活检提示微小动脉的平滑肌细胞表面出现颗粒样嗜锇物质(GOM)。结论有阳性家族史,无常见脑血管病危险因素且发病年龄较早的缺血性脑血管病患者要考虑到CADASIL的可能,同时妊娠可能会对促进本病的发展有一定的影响。     

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy in a Chinese pedigree A case report using brain magnetic resonance imaging and biospy

The present study enrolled a Chinese family that comprised 34 members and spanned three generations. Eight members were diagnosed with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, and disease diagnoses corresponded with autosomal incomplete dominance inheritance. The primary clinical manifestations included paralysis, dysarthria, and mild cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse leukoencephalopathy with involvement of bilateral anterior temporal lobes, in particular the pons. In addition, multiple cerebral infarction was identified in the proband. Sural nerve biopsy findings of the proband revealed granular osmophilic material deposits in the extracellular matrix, which were adjacent to smooth muscle cells of dermal arterioles. Screening exons 2-4 for NOTCH 3 mutations by direct sequencing did not reveal any abnormalities.     

A kindred affected by cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

We report a 2-year prospective neuropsychological study of five asymptomatic subjects with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities from an Italian kindred affected by cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). These subjects completed tests for attention capacities, processing speed, abstract thinking, short-term memory, learning and constructional praxis. Seven normal subjects matched for age and education, belonging to the same pedigree and not having MRI hyperintensities were examined as controls. The results did not show significant differences between asymptomatic subjects and normal controls. Cognitive performance of asymptomatic subjects did not deteriorate during a 2-year follow-up. Our findings suggest that, at this stage of the disease process, the presence of diffuse leukoencephalopathy does not imply subtle cognitive defects. Received: 1 April 1997 Received in revised form: 10 November 1997 Accepted: 18 November 1997     

常染色体隐性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的临床与影像学特点(附1家系报告)

目的研究常染色体隐性遗传性脑动脉病伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病(CARASIL)的临床与影像学特点。方法对1例中国蒙古族CARASIL患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对其家系成员进行调查。结果先证者父母为近亲表兄妹结婚,其兄是CARASIL患者,2例CARASIL患者发病年龄为25岁、23岁,临床表现为脑卒中样发作,进展性运动障碍和痴呆,疒间性发作,均有秃发、眼底动脉硬化等;无常见脑卒中危险因素。头颅MRI示双侧大脑广泛白质病变,伴多发梗死灶,可见双颞极OSullivan征。颈椎MRI示多处椎间盘突出及显著退行性变。结论CARASIL的临床特点为青年发病的脑卒中、脑动脉硬化症,伴脱发、颈椎、腰椎病。MRI显示多发性脑梗死、脑白质病变和椎间盘退行性变。     

A four-generation Dutch family with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), linked to chromosome 19p13

We describe a four-generation Dutch family suffering from cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Of twenty affected family members, ten are still alive. Age at onset of the strokes was between 29 and 52 years, with a mean of 41.8 years. This family has the typical clinical and radiological features of CADASIL (except for the occurrence of ischemic heart disease at a relatively young age in some subjects), and is linked to chromosome 19p13. This disease has so far been described in families from Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United Kingdom, and there is a remarkable clinical and genetical homogeneity among all families reported, including this Dutch family.     

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL): a morphological study of a German family

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is characterized clinically by recurrent cerebral infarcts, subcortical dementia and pseudobulbar palsy, and morphologically by a granular degeneration of cerebral and, to a lesser degree, extracerebral blood vessels. We present morphological findings in a further German family affected by CADASIL. The index case showed the typical periodic acid-Schiff-positive granular degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in cerebral vessels, which did not react with antibodies against various immunoglobulins or complement factors. Ultrastructurally, granular osmiophilic material (GOM) covered the VSMC in different cerebral regions as well as in extracerebral organs (muscle, nerve, skin, small and large intestine, liver, kidney and heart). Skin biopsy samples from other family members of the last two generations also revealed GOM irrespective of the clinical symptomatology (CADASIL, migraine only or asymptomatic). Patients in the third generation had higher amounts of GOM in skin vessels than did asymptomatic or migraine patients in the fourth generation. We conclude that skin biopsy is a useful and less-invasive screening method for the differential diagnosis of CADASIL. Received: 9 February 1996 / Revised, accepted: 24 April 1996     

NOTCH3基因14号外显子基因突变的伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑病的临床特征(附1家系报告)

目的探讨NOTCH3基因14号外显子基因突变的伴皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑病(CADASIL)的临床特征。方法对1例NOTCH3基因14号外显子基因突变的CADASIL患者及其家系的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果先证者20多岁起出现剧烈的偏头痛样发作,近2年来反复出现头晕、双下肢无力,并伴有兴趣减退、焦虑不安,无明显智能减退。头颅MRI显示双侧基底节区、皮质下及脑干多发缺血梗死灶,并在基底节区和丘脑可见多发微出血病灶。皮肤活检见真皮小血管基底膜增厚及嗜锇颗粒物质。NOTCH3基因突变分析发现14号外显子C2182T突变。家族中有类似患者多例,另有4名亲属检出同样位点的基因突变。结论 14号外显子C2182T突变CADASIL的临床表现主要为偏头痛、情感障碍和反复皮质下脑缺血发作,认知功能减退可能出现较晚。MRI特征为颅内多发白质高信号及微出血病灶,皮肤活检可见嗜锇颗粒物质。NOTCH3基因检测可发现突变。