全主动脉弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤

2004年1月至2005年5月,我们对12例DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤病人应用全主动脉弓置换加支架象鼻技术行主动脉弓全弓置换,现报道如下.     

主动脉弓替换加支架“象鼻”术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的护理

对8例Stanford A型主动脉夹层累及主动脉弓部的患者采取主动脉弓替换加支架“象鼻”术治疗，术前注意心理疏导，控制血压和疼痛；术后加强血流动力学、肾功能和体温监测，严密观察引流量，预防感染，加强脑部并发症的观察。结果8例均痊愈出院。提示充足的术前准备和术后细致周到的护理是亍术获得满意效果的重要保证。     

主动脉弓替换加支架"象鼻"术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的护理

时8例Stanford A型主动脉夹层累及主动脉弓部的患者采取主动脉弓替换加支架"象鼻"术治疗,术前注意心理疏导,控制血压和疼痛;术后加强血流动力学、肾功能和体温监测,严密观察引流量,预防感染,加强脑部并发症的观察.结果8例均痊愈出院.提示充足的术前准备和术后细致周到的护理是手术获得满意效果的重要保证.     

“改良”次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的总结和评价"改良"次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床疗效。方法 2009年12月至2011年1月,中国医科大学附属第一医院接收47例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行"改良"次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术,其中男35例,女12例;年龄29～86(57.9±16.0)岁。患者均依据术前主动脉计算机断层扫描动脉成像诊断分型,在深低温停循环选择性脑灌注下施行手术;近心端采用升主动脉置换术29例,Bentall手术11例,Wheat手术4例,David手术3例;同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)5例。结果体外循环时间(136±32)min,主动脉阻断时间(97±28)min,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(27±11)min。47例患者中住院期间死亡2例(4.25%,2/47),术后一过性精神障碍2例(4.25%,2/47),术后出现截瘫1例(2.12%,1/47),二次开胸止血4例。生存的45例患者均于出院前及术后6个月行主动脉3维CT血管造影(3D CTA)检查显示,降主动脉内支架血管膨胀良好,气管隆突及腹腔干平面真腔较术前明显扩大(P0.05);术后随访1～13个月,无因夹层进展需二次手术及动脉瘤破裂患者。结论 "改良"次全弓置换术加支架象鼻手术是治疗弓部三分支血管无破口的Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的方法,改良之处在于简化手术,缩短了手术时间、体外循环和深低温停循环时间,减少了手术相关并发症的发生;近期效果良好。     

全主动脉弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗DeBakeyI型主动脉夹层五例分析

急性主动脉夹层特别是DeBakeyⅠ型,起病急,病情凶猛,48h内病死率高达50%,两周内高达90%.近年来对外科手术治疗主动脉夹层日趋成熟,手术方式也多种多样,如何选择一种安全有效的方式以提高治愈率,降低手术死亡率是心血管外科领域的研究热点.2006年12月至2007年10月,我院对5例DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层患者行全弓置换同期行远端血管内覆膜支架置入术（杂交手术）取得满意疗效,报道如下.     

三分支全主动脉弓覆膜支架在治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的总结应用三分支全主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法河南省胸科医院心血管外科2008年12月至2012年12月施行三分支全主动脉弓覆膜支架植入术治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者46例,其中男37例、女9例,年龄65～75（68．2±5．0）岁。行改良David术6例,Bentall术1例,Wheat术2例,升主动脉置换术37例。结果全组无手术死亡病例。体外循环时间135～183（131．1±10．5）min,主动脉阻断时间8l～100（61．5±1813）min,选择性脑灌注时间19～28（24．4±5．6）min。术后出现低心排血量综合征3例,急性肾功能衰竭2例,胸腔积液5例,肺部感染2例,胸骨哆开1例,经治疗均痊愈出院。全部病例随访3～12个月,未发生支架相关并发症。结论应用三分支全主动脉弓覆膜支架植入治疗StanfordA型主动脉夹层操作简单,成功率高,并发症少,尤其适合不能耐受传统手术的老年患者。     

支架象鼻手术治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的 总结深低温停循环下支架象鼻手术治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 对146例急性Stanford B 型主动脉夹层患者行支架象鼻手术.结果 平均体外循环时间(155±30)min,平均心肌阻断时间(32±3)min,停循环时间(20±3)min.住院死亡3例(2.05 %,3/146),术后脑栓塞及脑出血各1例.随访138例,随访时间4～98个月,平均57.3个月,1年生存率为97.16%(137/141),1例11个月后死于广泛性肠坏死.无截瘫及再次手术者.结论 支架象鼻植入术治疗急性Stanford B 型主动脉夹层简单、安全、有效.     

全主动脉弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层五例分析

急性主动脉夹层特别是DeBakeyⅠ型,起病急,病情凶猛,48h内病死率高达50%,两周内高达90%.近年来对外科手术治疗主动脉夹层日趋成熟,手术方式也多种多样,如何选择一种安全有效的方式以提高治愈率,降低手术死亡率是心血管外科领域的研究热点.2006年12月至2007年10月,我院对5例DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层患者行全弓置换同期行远端血管内覆膜支架置入术（杂交手术）取得满意疗效,报道如下.     

术中支架象鼻技术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的 总结术中支架象鼻技术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床效果和经验.方法 2009年3月至2011年12月,24例锚定区不足或左锁骨下动脉受累及合并升主动脉或心脏病变的Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者在北京安贞医院接受手术.其中男20例,女4例,年龄(50.6±9.8)岁.合并高血压20例,主动脉瓣关闭不全2例,主动脉根部瘤1例,二尖瓣关闭不全1例,主动脉缩窄1例.14例有吸烟史.4例为胸降主动脉覆膜支架术后内漏.结果 24例患者均行直视下支架象鼻术,同期左锁骨下动脉左颈总动脉转流5例,主动脉瓣替换+升主动脉成形3例,左锁骨下动脉重建2例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣置换1例,升主动脉降主动脉人工血管转流1例.体外循环(163.1±48.6) min,低流量选择性脑灌时间(29.1 ±12.4) min.无围手术期死亡.二次开胸止血1例;呼吸功能不全气管切开1例;无截瘫及卒中发生.无住院死亡,并发症发生率8.3％(2/24例).1例失访;随访23例,随防率95.8％(23/24),平均随访24个月,随访期间2例因Ⅰ型内漏行修补术,1例因支架远端假性动脉瘤行主动脉覆膜支架修复.20例(86.4％)患者支架附近可见血栓形成.结论 对锚定区不足或左锁骨下动脉受累及合并升主动脉或心脏病变的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行直视下支架象鼻手术是一种有效的外科治疗手段,可以获得满意的临床效果.远期结果需进一步随访.     

改良全主动脉弓置换治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的总结改良全主动脉弓置换治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验,并探讨其疗效。方法 39例老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环、双侧顺行脑灌注下行外科手术。根部处理根据不同病变情况,选择不同术式,包括单纯升主动脉置换、Bentall、Wheat手术。主动脉弓部采用四分支血管行全主动脉弓置换,降主动脉内置入硬象鼻支架,并行支架开窗,完成左锁骨下动脉重建。结果全组平均体外循环时间为(180.49±30.46)min,平均停循环时间(27.22±10.58)min,平均脑灌注时间(32.42±12.36)min,平均心肌阻断时间(94.84±24.83)min。升主动脉置换17例,Wheat手术10例,Bentall手术12例。全组无术中死亡,术后住院死亡2例,脑梗塞1例,短暂性神经功能障碍3例,行肾脏透析治疗3例。全组无出血再次开胸、声音嘶哑、左上肢感觉运动功能障碍等情况。术后复查主动脉CTA弓部分支血管血流通畅,象鼻支架无内漏。无术后死亡及二次手术者。结论选择合适的手术时机及手术方式,老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者仍能获得满意的外科手术效果。     

Total Arch Replacement with Stented Elephant Trunk Technique: A Proposed Treatment for Complicated Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection

Abstract   Objectives : The treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissections involving the arch or associated with proximal aortic aneurysms remains a surgical challenge. We report our results with total arch replacement with the stented elephant trunk (SET) procedure for these complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections. Methods: Between December 2003 and June 2008, 31 patients were admitted for complicated type B dissection (12 acute, 19 chronic). The mean age at operation was 44.3 ± 10.6 years (range: 22-68 years). The surgeries were performed by using total arch replacement combined with SET implantation. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed before discharge as well as 3 months and annually to evaluate the condition of the graft and the residual false lumen. Results: The procedure was successful in all but two patients; two patients died of multiple organ failure following surgery. No paraplegia was observed after surgery. Follow-up was completed in 27 of 29 patients and the mean follow-up period was 18.4 ± 12.3 months (range: 6-54 months). During follow-up CT scans, thrombus formation was observed in the descending aortic false lumen excluded by the stented graft in most patients. One patient died during follow-up while two patients with Marfan syndrome underwent successful operations for replacement of the remaining descending and abdominal aorta. Conclusion: Total arch replacement with the SET procedure has emerged as a viable option for complicated type B dissections and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. At mid-term follow-up, most patients have either thrombosed or have had no further increase in the false lumen of the descending aorta.     

Treatment of Aortic Arch Dissection Using the Elephant Trunk Technique

n = 7) or thoracoabdominal (n= 15) aorta. Procedures were performed under hypothermic circulatory arrest at between 15° and 20°C. Antegrade cerebral perfusion was used in three cases. The procedure was associated with aortic valve replacement and/or coronary bypass in 6 cases and bypass of one or more supraaortic vessels in 13. In two patients the distal end of the elephant trunk was attached with an endovascular prosthesis during the same procedure. The ensuing results in these patients indicate that the elephant trunk technique can be highly effective for treatment of complex aortic arch dissection.     

Total Aortic Arch Replacement and Frozen Elephant Trunk

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Application of Aortic Balloon Occlusion in Total Aortic Arch Replacement with Frozen Elephant Trunk on Clinical Endpoints for Aortic Dissection Patients

Purpose: Total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with frozen elephant trunk (FET) is the standard operation for treating aortic dissection (AD) patients involving aortic arch with high operative risk due to long circulatory arrest (CA). We used aortic balloon occlusion technique that safely reduced the CA time to 5 min in average and investigated whether it can improve the clinical endpoints.Methods: All patients diagnosed with AD and underwent TAR with FET operation (123 with aortic balloon occlusion and 221 with conventional method) in Fuwai Hospital during August 2017 and February 2019 was reviewed in this retrospective observational study.Results: After propensity score matching, the 30-day mortality of aortic balloon occlusion group and conventional group was 4.88% and 11.38% (P = 0.062), respectively. In multivariate analysis, aortic balloon occlusion is one of the factors that reduced the risk for renal and hepatic injury, shortened postoperative conscious revival time, and reduced red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during operation.Conclusions: The aortic balloon occlusion technique, as a perfusion strategy during operation, could alleviate postoperative complication. This method deserves further attention in future clinical practice for its value in treating patients with higher operative risks.     

The Elephant Trunk Technique for Type A Dissection

A modified elephant trunk technique that was used to treat acute type A dissection is described. This technique prevents leaks at the distal anastomosis and facilitates surgery on the aneurysmatic downstream aorta following total arch replacement. In addition, it allows closure of the primary intimal tear in patients with DeBakey type III retrograde dissection.