乌鲁木齐市新生儿出生体重10年趋势及相关因素分析

目的 根据乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院近十年的住院分娩记录,分析新生儿出生体重十年变化趋势,了解低出生体重儿、巨大儿发生情况及相关因素。 方法 对2002年1月-2011年12月在乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院住院分娩的5 421例新生儿的出生体重进行回顾性调查,分析孕周、孕母年龄、孕母族别等因素与低出生体重、巨大儿的关系。 结果 1)5 421例新生儿平均出生体重为(3 399.95±475.94)g,男婴平均出生体重为(3 457.05±475.94)g,女婴平均出生体重为(3 335.43±467.72)g。2)低出生体重儿发生率为2.60%,与早产、孕母族别、新生儿性别有关,差异有统计学意义。3)巨大儿发生率为10.20%,与孕周、孕母年龄、新生儿性别有关,差异有统计学意义。 结论 近十年新生儿的出生体重平稳增加; 预防早产是降低低出生体重儿发生率的重要措施,巨大儿的发生率较高,应引起重视;新生儿的出生体重有必要逐年观察。     

无锡市77484例新生儿出生体重现状分析

【目的】了解无锡市新生儿出生体重现状,并对妇幼保健工作提供一些科学依据。【方法】对无锡市2003~2005年住院分娩的活产新生儿的出生体重进行分析。【结果】①77 484例新生儿中,早产儿2.07%,低出生体重儿1.54%,巨大儿5.72%;②平均出生体重为(3 370.32±427.84)g,37~42周出生的新生儿出生体重随胎龄增长而增长;③婴儿低出生体重发生率随胎龄增加而显著减少,足月低体重儿比例较早产儿明显少。【结论】无锡市新生儿出生体重超过了WHO的国际参照值;各胎龄新生儿出生体重均高于我国15个城市同胎龄新生儿出生体重;巨大儿及低出生体重儿发生率较低;新生儿平均出生体重及低体重儿、巨大儿发生率在性别方面存在显著差异。     

3232例婴儿出生体重分析

目的:分析新生儿出生体重,了解低出生体重儿、巨大儿发生情况及相关因素。方法:对2002年1月~2004年12月在我院住院分娩的3 232例新生婴儿的出生体重进行回顾性分析。结果:3 232例婴儿平均出生体重为3 236.33 g,男婴平均出生体重为3 297.22 g,女婴平均出生体重为3 160.69 g。新生儿中早产发生率为3.16%,低出生体重发生率为2.17%,巨大儿发生率为3.84%。结论:预防早产是降低低出生体重儿发生率的重要措施,巨大儿出生体重有必要逐年观察。     

北京市海淀区海淀街道2004～2008年新生儿出生体重情况及相关因素分析

[目的]了解海淀街道新生儿出生体重情况及影响因素,对妇幼保健工作提供科学依据.[方法]对海淀街道2004～2008年活产1 337例新生儿体重及相关因素进行统计分析.[结果]①1 337例新生儿中,平均出生体重为(3 376.50±464.27)g,男婴为(3 426.7±459.71)g,女婴为(3 320.1±463.26)g,均超过了WHO的国际参考值(男婴3 300g,女婴3 200g),正常体重儿男婴出生体重明显高于女婴.②早产儿发生率4.41%,低体重出生儿发生率2.39%,早产儿低体重发生率37.29%;巨大儿发生率7.18%.③孕母平均分娩年龄为(29.79±3.47)岁,不同年龄组新生儿出生体重差异无显著性;孕母平均受教育年限为(15.95±2.59)年,不同学历组新生儿出生体重差异无显著性.④37～42周出生的新生儿出生体重随孕周增长而增长.⑤多元回归显示孕妇的年龄、学历和性别对新生儿出生体重的影响无显著性.分娩方式和母孕期危险因素对新生儿出生体重的影响有显著性.[结论]重视新生儿体重变化的研究,加强孕产妇系统管理,降低低出生体重发生率和巨大儿发生率,降低剖宫产率.     

正常新生儿出生体重与分娩方式的关系

目的:了解苏州大学附属第一医院10年正常新生儿出生体重现状及分娩方式,为临床及孕期保健提供理论依据。方法:分析该院2004年~2013年住院分娩的孕37周~41+6周单胎活产新生儿出生情况,计算10年间足月活产新生儿平均剖宫产率、低出生体重儿及巨大儿发生率,计算足月各孕周出生体重情况,并进行统计学分析。结果:1近10年间足月单胎活产新生儿20 909例,男婴10 995例,女婴9 914例,男女比例为1.11∶1。阴道分娩12 629例,剖宫产8 280例,平均剖宫产率39.60%。低出生体重儿430例,平均发生率2.06%;巨大儿1 654例,平均发生率7.91%。2新生儿平均出生体重(3 344.46±450.10)g,新生儿体重呈上升趋势。3低出生体重儿总体呈下降趋势,巨大儿总体呈增长趋势。4各年份剖宫产率明显低于于阴道分娩率,剖宫产总体呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5各年份剖宫产平均出生体重高于阴道分娩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);阴道分娩平均出生体重(3 316.24±401.45)g,低于10年间平均出生体重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);剖宫产平均出生体重(3 388.15±498.69)g,高于10年间平均出生体重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6 39~39+6为分娩高峰孕周,平均出生体重为(3 352.86±405.99)g,与10年间平均出生体重[(3 344.46±450.10)g]相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);孕37~37+6、38~38+6周新生儿出生体重小于10年间平均出生体重(P<0.05);40~40+6、41~41+6周新生儿出生体重大于10年间平均出生体重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。7新生儿出生体重随孕周增加逐渐增长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:近年来足月活产新生儿体重呈上升趋势,剖宫产率也有所增长,说明加强孕期合理营养指导及保健具有重要的临床意义。     

2 311例新生儿出生体重分析

目的分析新生儿出生体重,了解低出生体重儿、巨大儿发生情况,以指导产科和妇幼保健工作,提高母婴健康水平.方法对2005年8月～2006年7月在我院住院分娩的2 311例活产新生儿的出生体重进行回顾性分析.结果2 311例新生儿平均体重3 397.17 g,早产儿发生率4.41%,巨大儿发生率10.99%,剖宫产率55.73%.结论应加强产前保健工作,采取有效措施,进一步降低早产儿发生率,控制巨大儿发生率,降低剖宫产率.     

2013 - 2017年河北省新生儿出生体重变化趋势分析

目的 了解河北省2013 - 2017年新生儿的出生体重变化趋势,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,选取河北省2013 - 2017年22个监测点（医院）孕产妇及新生儿的相关数据,了解河北省2013 - 2017年新生儿的出生体重趋势特征,并分析其影响因素。结果 共有新生儿258 433例,平均出生体重约为（3347±496） g,低出生体重儿、巨大儿的发生率分别为3.73%、6.30%。孕产妇高龄、高受教育程度、高危妊娠是发生低出生体重儿发生的危险因素,OR值（95%CI）分别为1.153(1.072～1.240)、1.149(1.091～1.211)、2.460(2.359～2.565);母亲的年龄＜25岁、高受教育程度、夏季出生是巨大儿发生的保护因素,而女性高危妊娠是巨大儿发生的危险因素,OR值（95%CI）为1.195(1.157～1.234)。结论 河北省2013 - 2017年新生儿出生体重总体呈上升趋势,其中低出生体重儿呈下降趋势,而巨大儿呈上升趋势。应切实做好孕期保健工作,适当提前分娩年龄、提高全民受教育水平,针对高危人群增加产前检查次数,积极治疗妊娠合并症/并发症, 改善围生儿出生结局。     

启东市2006-2017年新生儿出生身长、体重变化趋势分析

目的：分析该地区新生儿出生身长、体重变化趋势，探讨其与分娩结局的关系。方法：利用启东市出生医学证明信息系统，获得70 723例新生儿出生身长、体重资料和数据，分析新生儿身长、体重变化及不同出生体重与分娩方式关系。结果：该地区新生儿出生身长平均值为（49.87 ± 1.44）cm、体重平均值为（3 450.38 ± 436.54）g；其中男婴出生身长平均值为（49.94 ± 1.43）cm、体重平均值为（3 499.47 ± 441.59）g；女婴出生身长平均值为（49.81 ± 1.43）cm、体重平均值为（3 398.56 ± 425.06）g，新生儿出生身长、体重呈逐年增加趋势，2015年最高。低出生体重儿总数745例（1.05%），巨大胎儿5 828例（8.24%）。低出生体重儿呈递减趋势、巨大儿发生率递增并趋于稳定于一水平。随出生体重增加，剖宫产率明显上升。结论：启东市新生儿出生体重呈逐年递增趋势，但于2015年后递减。应加强孕期营养指导和孕产期保健，控制巨大儿的发生，降低剖宫产率。     

舟山市2002-2015年出生体重变化与不良出生结局及影响因素分析

目的 描述舟山市2002-2015年新生儿出生体重变化,分析不良出生结局的发生率及影响因素。方法 利用舟山市电子医疗数据库,收集孕产妇及新生儿的相关信息,描述新生儿出生体重和不良出生结局发生率的变化趋势,采用多元Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 37 141例新生儿的平均出生体重为（3 388±462） g,低出生体重儿、巨大儿、早产的发生率分别为2.34%,9.42%和3.61%;高危妊娠（OR=1.80,95%CI:1.42~2.28）是低出生体重儿的危险因素;出生季节为夏季、秋季、母亲年龄<25岁、孕前消瘦等是巨大儿的保护因素。母亲孕前超重和肥胖是巨大儿的危险因素;母亲年龄<25岁是早产发生的保护因素。母亲年龄>30岁（OR=1.38,95%CI:1.19~1.60）、冬季出生（OR=1.24,95%CI:1.06~1.45）、母亲孕前超重和肥胖、高危妊娠（OR=1.95,95%CI:1.66~2.29）等是早产的危险因素。结论 舟山市2002-2015年新生儿出生体重呈下降趋势,低出生体重儿和早产儿发生率呈上升趋势。新生儿性别、出生季节,母亲年龄、孕前体质指数（body mass index,BMI）、高危妊娠等因素影响低出生体重儿、巨大儿或早产儿的发生。     

32003例新生儿出生体重分析与对策

[目的]分析我院近3年来新生儿出生体重与有关因素的关系,了解低出生体重儿（LBW）、早产儿、巨大儿和剖宫产率的发生状况,提高围产保健质量,提升母婴健康水平。[方法]根据我院SQL2000数据库管理系统提供的2005—2007年在我院住院分娩的32003例活产新生儿出生体重进行分析。[结果]新生儿平均体重3336.3g,男婴高于女婴101.3g;新生儿出生体重与孕周有直接联系,孕周增长新生儿体重也增加;与母亲年龄无明显关系。LBW发生率与多胎妊娠有关,胎数越多发生率越高。早产儿发生率为6.1%,3年间下降0.9%;巨大儿发生率6.4%,3年间下降0.3%;早产儿低出生体重儿发生率51.5%;剖宫产率39.7%,3年间上升4.8%。[结论]要减少过期妊娠经阴道难产发生率,产前要及时预测新生儿出生体重,选择最佳的分娩方式和分娩时机,以降低母婴并发症,确保母婴安全。同时要发挥健康教育作用,加强围产期保健及有效干预,是降低LBW、早产儿和巨大儿的发生率,控制剖宫产率,提高阴道分娩率的关键。     

The National Weight Control Registry: a critique

This article is a critique of the claim that the National Weight Control Registry provides data showing that a significant number of adults in the United States have achieved permanent weight loss. We believe that promoting calorie-restricted dieting for the purpose of weight loss is misleading and futile. We advocate the adoption of a health-at-every-size (HAES) approach to weight management, focusing on the achievement and maintenance of lifestyle changes that improve metabolic indicators of health.     

Smoking,weight standards and “ideal” weight

DIET AND DOMESTIC LIFE IN SOCIETY. Anne Sharman, Janet Theophano, Karen Curtis and Ellen Messer, Eds. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1991, viii +287 pp., $34.85

WITH BITTER HERBS THEY SHALL EAT IT: Chemical Ecology and the Origins of Human Diet and Medicine by Timothy Johns. Arizona Studies in Human Ecology, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA. US$40.00 clothbound, 356 pages.

MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT: Pre‐erythrocytic stages. S.L. Hoffmann and L.J. Martinez Eds. Proceedings of a conference held in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Supplement to Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 68, 1990. 196 pages, English only. Sw.fr.35.‐/US$31.50. In developing countries Sw.fr.24.50.

STOP THE NONSENSE: HEALTH WITHOUT FADS Ezra Sohar, M.D. Shapolsky Publishers, Inc., New York, 159 pps. $16.95     

博山地区4780名成年人身高、体重调查及体重指数、肥胖发生率的统计分析(人群肥胖症研究之一)

作者采用较准确的方法,对博山地区20岁以上不同职业的4780人(男3216,女1564),进行了年龄、身高和体重的调查,并对调查结果作了性别、年龄、身高与体重之问关系的相关、回归分析,得出推算标准体重的回归方程式、“正常成年男女身高与体重表”。按公式计算出体重指数,并拟定了20岁以上男女体重指数的正常范围(男0.1933～0.2525,女0.1951～0.2563)和体重超重、肥胖的体重指数界限值。按这个体重指数标准,本次调查结果男性属超重者占7.71％,肥胖占5.22％;女性超重占6.96％,肥胖占4.73％。本调查资料所载博山地区20岁以上人群年龄、身高与体重之间的关系及推算标准体重的方法,对国内其它地区也会有一定参考价值。     

Maternal anthropometric measurements and other factors: relation with birth weight of neonates

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of anthropometric measurements of pregnant women, gestational weight gain, fundal height, and maternal factors, namely age, education, family income, parity along with maternal hemoglobin, on birth weight of neonates. A cross sectional study was performed in Khoy City in north west of Iran. Four hundred and fifty healthy pregnant women in the age between 16-40 years were selected for this study from seven health urban centers and one referral hospital. Findings showed that the mean age, height, fundal height, maternal weight, and gestational weight gain during pregnancy were 26.1 years, 159.1 cm, 32.9 cm, 72.0 kg, 11.8 kg respectively. The mean birth weight of neonates was 3.2 kg and 11% of neonates showed low birth weight. Age, family income, maternal height, weight, gestational weight gain and fundal height were significantly associated with birth weight of neonates. Using binary logistic regression analysis, fundal height, maternal hemoglobin, family income and gestational weight gain of pregnant women could be considered as predictive factors of birth weight of neonates.     

An exploration of the experiences and perceptions of people who have maintained weight loss

Background: In clinical weight‐loss trials, the majority of those who lose weight will regain almost all of it within 5 years, yet there is limited evidence about effective strategies to support weight maintenance. The present study aimed to increase understanding of the experiences of those who have been successful at weight maintenance. Methods: This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 10 participants who had maintained a minimum of 10% weight loss for at least 1 year. Interviews were transcribed and then analysed using a foundational thematic approach based on the Colaizzi method. Results: Participants believed that a more relaxed approach to weight management with realistic, long‐term goals was more appropriate for long‐term control. They had a strong reason to lose weight often with a medical trigger and had elicited support to help them. Most described the presence of saboteurs. Participants took personal responsibility for their weight management and were in tune with their nutrition and activity needs. Self‐monitoring was a strategy commonly used to support this. They described the lack of positive reinforcement in the maintenance phase as a major difficulty. Conclusions: This small‐scale study provides evidence to suggest the importance of a medical prompt to lose weight; planning for how to manage saboteurs and identifying methods of minimising the impact of a reduction in positive reinforcement. It reinforces the importance of many of the strategies known to support the weight‐loss phase.     

Postpartum Weight Change in Relation to Pre-Pregnancy Weight and Gestational Weight Gain in Women in Low-Income Setting: Data from the KITE Cohort in the Northern Part of Ethiopia

(1) Background: Postpartum weight may increase compared to pre-pregnancy due to weight retention or decrease due to weight loss. Both changes could pose deleterious effects on maternal health and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess postpartum weight change and its associated factors. (2) Methods: A total of 585 women from the KIlte-Awlaelo Tigray Ethiopia (KITE) cohort were included in the analysis. (3) Results: The mean pre-pregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were 19.7 kg/m² and 10.8 kg, respectively. At 18 to 24 months postpartum, the weight change ranged from −3.2 to 5.5 kg (mean = 0.42 kg [SD = 1.5]). In addition, 17.8% of women shifted to normal weight and 5.1% to underweight compared to the pre-pregnancy period. A unit increase in weight during pregnancy was associated with higher weight change (β = 0.56 kg, 95% CI [0.52, 0.60]) and increased probability to achieve normal weight (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.37, 2.00]). Food insecurity (AOR = 5.26, 95% CI [1.68, 16.50]), however, was associated with a shift to underweight postpartum. Interestingly, high symptoms of distress (AOR = 0.13, 95% CI [0.03, 0.48]) also negatively impacted a change in weight category. (4) Conclusions: In low-income settings such as northern Ethiopia, higher weight gain and better mental health during pregnancy may help women achieve a better nutritional status after pregnancy and before a possible subsequent pregnancy.     

664例低出生体重儿分析

本文分析１２６２５围产儿中６６４例低出生体重儿（ＬｏｗＢｉｒｔｈＷｅｉｇｈｔＩｎｆａｎｔ，ＬＢＷＩ）的出生体重及产妇情况。     

Self-reported weight and height: implications for obesity research

BACKGROUND: Self-reported weight and height are under- and over-reported, respectively, in epidemiologic studies. This tendency, which may adversely affect study operations, has not been evaluated among subjects being enrolled into a weight-loss program. METHODS: Self-reported weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were compared to measured values in 97 overweight or obese (BMI>27.3) women being enrolled into a randomized, controlled trial of two behavioral interventions for weight loss. The effects of demographic factors, baseline weight, baseline height, and baseline BMI on weight and height reporting were assessed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between measured and reported weight (mean difference=-3.75 lb, p=0.0001) and height (mean difference=+0.35 in., p=0.0007). The mean difference between measured and reported BMI was -1.14 kg/m(2) (p=0.0001). Unemployed, retired, or disabled women were more likely to under-report their BMI than employed women (p=0.001). Six percent of subjects who were initially considered eligible for the study on the basis of the self-report were eventually excluded from the study because they did not meet the inclusion criterion for BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Obese women who seek weight-loss assistance tend to under-report their weight and over-report their height, suggesting that self-reported data are likely to be inaccurate. Misreporting is apparently influenced by employment and disability and has the potential to complicate recruitment of subjects for research studies.     

Pregnancy-Associated Obesity in Black Women in New York City

Objective: To determine weight gain during pregnancy and weight changes postpartum in first-time mothers delivering at or near term. Methods: At about 2 weeks after delivery, 47 adult, Black and Hispanic women provided information on their prepregnancy weight and height and maximum pregnancy weight. Women reinterviewed at 2 and 6 months after delivery reported their most recent weight measurement and the date of that measurement. This information was used to compute each woman's prepregnancy body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, and weight loss postpartum. Information on infant feeding was also collected at each postpartum visit. Results: About 2/3 of the women and 100% of the overweight and obese women gained excessive weight during pregnancy. Weight gain was most marked in women who started pregnancy overweight or obese. At 2 months postpartum, women were on average almost 18 lb above their prepregnancy weight. No additional maternal weight was lost by 6 months postpartum. Most infants were started on formula by 2 weeks of age. At 2 months of age, 85% were fed formula only and 91% of the infants were on WIC. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a need for interventions to help women avoid obesity by regulating their pregnancy weight gain, losing weight for a longer period postpartum, and initiating and maintaining exclusive breast-feeding.