90名铅职业接触者血铅和尿铅含量结果分析

目的 通过测定职业接触者血铅和尿铅的含量,评价血铅和尿铅在职业病诊断方面的实用性和可靠性. 方法 用石墨炉原子吸收法对职业接触者的血铅、尿铅及铅标准物质进行检测,对检验结果进行统计分析.结果 职业接触者血铅和尿铅的检测结果具有较高的符合度.结论 血铅与空气铅浓度密切相关,但血铅采样不方便,尤其不为儿童接受,同时因易受污...     

某冶炼厂铅职业接触者血铅水平的影响因素分析

目的分析某冶炼厂影响铅职业接触者血铅水平的因素。方法采集观察对象静脉血,用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅浓度,用SPSS16.0统计软件进行血铅影响因素的分析。结果铅职业接触者的血铅水平显著高于非职业接触者;不同年龄、性别、工龄、工作车间和岗位的职业接触者血铅水平差异均有统计学意义。结论该冶炼厂铅职业接触者血液中铅水平显著升高;铅职业接触者的年龄、性别、工龄、作业车间和岗位均为影响血铅水平的因素。     

职业性铅接触者与非接触者的血铅含量分析

职业性铅接触者与非接触者的血铅含量分析广东省职业病防治院（广州市怡乐路，５１０２６０）刘焕珍血铅是反映近期铅接触的敏感指标，血铅含量与空气中铅浓度有密切相关。地理环境、劳动条件和生活习惯等因素也影响血铅含量的变化。为了解职业性铅接触者与非接触者的血铅...     

苏州工业园区职业性铅接触者血铅含量调查分析

铅是一种严重危害人类健康的重金属元素,各类人群都有明确的负荷指标。测量人体中铅含量的方法很多,而血铅则是反映近期铅接触的敏感指标。苏州工业园区近十几年工业迅猛发展,为了解职业性铅接触者的健康状况,对2008年底本中心进行的大范围人群健康普查中血铅指标进行分析比较,旨在了解职业性铅接触对人体血铅水平的影响。     

职业性接触铅引起血铅变化和肾损害及其关系的研究

目的 研究职业性铅接触的肾脏毒性,探讨血铅浓度变化和肾脏损害指标之间的关系.方法 车间空气中铅烟、铅尘的短时间接触浓度用石墨炉原子吸收法检测.选择一般情况可比的无铅接触史的石棉厂个人作为对照,根据接触铅的浓度是否超过职业限值将233名铅接触工人分为职业限值内组及超职业限值组.选择尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)作为肾脏损伤的效应指标,分析不同血铅水平肾损伤效应指标的变化.结果 ①车间空气中铅烟、铅尘的短时间接触浓度分别迭0.15 mg/m3和0.14 ms/m3,超标率分别为71.67%和44.51%;②接铅超职业限值组血铅浓度达(3.46±0.07)μmol/L、尿NAG为(1.82±0.12)U/mmolCr,均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);③血铅浓度的变化和尿NAG、β2-MG的异常率存在一致的变化趋势,趋势χ2分别为96.27和7.18(P＜0.01);④Logistic回归分析发现接铅水平引起尿NAG和β2-MG改变的OR(95%CI)分别为2.77(1.70～4.52)和1.68(1.08～3.17).结论 职业性铅接触引起血铅浓度升高和肾脏损伤,且血铅浓度越高,肾脏损伤的程度越大.     

血铅检测的质量控制报告

目的报告血铅检测过程的质量控制效果。方法运用石墨炉原子吸收法,采用空白实验和标准物质对实验过程进行质量控制。结果方法检出限为5μg/L,变异系数(RSD)为6.7%,冻干牛血铅标准物质的参考值为110±20μg/L,在准确度实验时实测116.1±4.3μg/L,在对15批样品检测的同时测得的平均值为115.9μg/L。结论严格质控下的血铅测定,是获得准确结果的有效方法。     

铅接触工人血铅水平与风险决策的关系探讨

以往研究发现,血铅水平与个体的运算速度、学习和记忆能力等测试的结果密切相关[1,2],职业性铅接触可能对个体的认知功能有很大影响.近年有研究表明,血铅水平高的个体更容易出现危险行为——物质滥用或危险性行为(传染性病)[3].提示铅中毒可能会影响个体对危险的认知,促使个体选择更为冒险的行为策略.本研究以某船厂职业性铅接触...     

接触低浓度铅作业工人血铅检测结果分析

对某铅酸蓄电池厂工作场所铅烟(尘)浓度进行检测,测定工人血铅含量。结果显示作业环境中铅烟(尘)浓度未超标,但工人血铅值却明显增高。提示定期对接触低浓度铅作业工人进行血铅检测,有助于预测可能产生的职业健康损害,预防铅危害的发生。     

铅接触工人职业健康情况的调查分析

通过对2017-2018年连续2 a职业卫生调查结果及2018-2019年341名工人连续2 a的血铅、血常规、血压、肝功能、尿常规、心电图检查结果进行分析,了解某铅蓄电池厂作业场所铅对接触工人血铅浓度和其他健康指标的影响,为职业健康监护提供科学依据。结果显示,该铅蓄电池厂作业场所极板车间2017年铅烟暴露不合格率为67%,较2018年高（P<0.05）;连续2 a男性血铅异常率分别为20.27%、5.86%,均高于女性（P<0.05）。经χ²检验,该企业2019年与2018年比较血铅异常率降低,收缩压异常率、谷丙转氨酶异常率升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01或P<0.05）。提示,该企业目前采取工程防护、个体防护措施及管理措施有效;但应加强对男性作业工人血铅水平和员工血压、肝功能健康指标的监测。     

大批量全血铅检测的质量控制

目的保证石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法大批量测定全血铅的结果准确,具有量质溯源性。方法按卫生部文件（卫医发[2006]10号）附件《血铅临床检验技术规范》进行。结果该实验室测定血铅时方法线性关系好,相关系数为0．9997,检出限为5μ/L,定量检出浓度为15μg/L,加标回收率在90％-110％,平行双样RSD（％）为1．1％-8．9％,平均值质控图对标准物质的质控贯穿于整个实验过程中,控制效果良好。结论大批量全血铅的测定时,采用几种质控方法控制检测过程效果良好,对保证检测结果的准确至关重要。     

某蓄电池厂632名铅作业工人血铅水平的分析

对某蓄电池厂632名铅作业工人进行职业健康检查和血铅含量测定。结果显示, 632名铅作业工人中血铅＞600 μg/L者68人（10.76%）,血铅400~600 μg/L者201人（31.80%）。男性血铅异常率明显高于女性（P＜0.05）;男性心电图、血红蛋白、血常规各项异常率均高于女性（P＞0.05）;尿常规异常率女性高于男性（P＜0.05）。提示该蓄电池厂铅作业工人职业危害现状较为严峻,应采取有效地防治措施,控制铅中毒的发生。     

Effect of exposure to lead on postural control in workers

OBJECTIVES—To examine the effect of lead on postural control of workers who have been exposed to lead.
METHODS—63 Male, lead battery workers mean (SD) age 41.0 (7.4) were compared with 48 age matched male controls after excluding those with acute or chronic diseases. Exposed workers had mean (SD) past blood lead concentrations of 37.5 (9.2) µg/dl and 11.2 (5.7) years of employment. Postural control was measured with a computerised postural sway measurement system which measured both sway and total movements.
RESULTS—Workers standing straight with eyes open on the bare plates had sway and total movements which were not notably different from controls. On the other hand increased movements were needed in the exposed workers to maintain stability (the general stability quotient 18.2 (5.4) v 15.4 (4.4) in controls, p<0.01) when standing directly on the footplates with closed eyes,, and with the head tilted (15.0 (3.8) v 11.5 (3.0) in controls, p<0.001). Exposed workers also had a trend for less ability to synchronise anterior posterior and lateral sway in the stress positions (0.0625) than had non-exposed workers . Significant but low correlations were found between the estimate of the chronic internal dose of lead and three of 10 of the postural control measurements, and present lead blood concentrations and only one of the 10 measurements and (r values ranged from 0.21 to 0.31, p0.03).
CONCLUSIONS—These findings suggest that lead affects postural control in asymptomatic workers. Further studies are warranted to find whether workers with decreased postural control are at increased risk of accidents and the relation, if any, of these measurements with subsequent morbidity.


Keywords: postural stability; equilibrium; exposure to lead     

铜冶炼铅暴露工人599名尿铅水平

目的探讨铜冶炼业铅危害程度,评价健康损害与危害因素的关系,为目标干预提供依据。方法对两个生产工艺相同的铜冶炼厂的599人涉铅作业人员进行职业健康检查,按照《职业健康监护技术规范》要求,599人均检测了尿铅。结果两铜冶炼厂工人尿铅超标率为36.39%,其中甲厂工人超标率为45.34%,乙厂工人超标率为30.11%,两厂工人比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论铜冶炼业铅职业危害严重,不同铜冶炼业工人尿铅超标率不同。     

铅接触对工人神经行为功能的影响

目的评价铅接触对工人精神及神经行为功能的改变及其接触水平-效应关系.方法采用 SCL-90症状自评量表和计算机化神经行为评价系统(NES-C)对65名铅接触工人和65名对照工人进行精神及神经行为功能状况调查,同时测定铅接触工人血铅、尿铅浓度.结果 SCL-90症状自评量表结果显示,铅作业工人阳性项目数平均57.2,对照工人为15.0,两者差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.001);神经行为功能测试结果显示,与对照组相比,信息感知、记忆能力差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.001);尿铅浓度与躯体化、强迫、焦虑和偏执因子分间存在正相关.结论职业性铅接触可影响工人的精神和神经行为功能,尿铅浓度与心理卫生状态存在一定接触水平-效应关系.     

Elimination kinetics of blood lead in workers with chronic lead intoxication

Blood lead elimination half-lives were determined for 65 patients with occupational chronic lead intoxication who were removed from exposure, treated with intravenous EDTA, and followed for periods of up to 2,419 days. The median overall blood lead elimination half-life was 619 days in patients with normal renal function and 1,907 days in patients with renal impairment. Slow-phase elimination half-lives in patients followed for longer than 5 years ranged from 1,658 to 7,189 days. Blood lead concentrations declined during periods of chelation with a mean half-life of 7 days and rebounded to near prechelation concentrations following termination of chelation with a mean doubling time of 27 days. The overall blood lead elimination half-life was positively associated with length of follow-up (p less than 0.001), age (p = 0.04), and duration of exposure (p = 0.02), but was not associated with the initial blood lead concentration following cessation of exposure or the total amount of EDTA received.     

The decay of blood lead levels in workers suspended under the control of lead at work regulations

AIMS: To study the rate of decline in blood lead levels post-suspension under Control of Lead at Work Regulations (CLAW) and thereby suggest sampling frequencies for follow-up blood lead measurements. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of lead workers with blood lead levels over the current suspension level were identified from blood lead records. Data on their suspension and follow-up blood lead measurements were obtained. RESULTS: Sixteen per cent of the identified cohort did not appear to return to lead work under CLAW. Twenty-seven suspension cases with an initial mean blood lead of 79 microg/dl (3.82 micromol/l) formed the dataset for analysis of decline in blood lead levels. The mean length of time between the blood sample indicating suspension and the first follow-up blood sample was 32 days. The mean length of suspension under CLAW was 61 days. The mean initial rate of blood lead decay was 0.659 microg/dl per day (0.032 micromol/l per day), although with a wide range. The rate of decline in blood lead after suspension was increased by the blood lead level at suspension, but was decreased by increasing past cumulative exposure. CONCLUSIONS: A follow-up blood lead sample 1 month after suspension should show a mean decrease between 13 and 26 microg/dl (0.63-1.25 micromol/l), which is substantially greater than that due to analytical 'noise' associated with two sequential measurements (approximately 5 microg/dl). Therefore, a follow-up blood sample taken around 3-4 weeks after suspension would seem practical. A decrease in blood lead of 7-8 mug/dl (0.36 micromol/l) or less in the month after suspension may suggest continuing lead exposure.     

The effect of the OSHA lead exposure in construction standard on blood lead levels among iron workers employed in bridge rehabilitation

Over 50,000 workers are at risk of occupational exposure to lead in the course of renovating the nation's deteriorating infrastructure. In mid-1993, to control exposure to lead in the construction setting OSHA promulgated a Lead in Construction Standard. In this study, we assessed the effect of the mandated changes in exposure conditions which followed the introduction of this new standard. We analyzed changes in baseline and maximum blood lead concentrations and in maximum increments in blood lead levels before and after introduction of the standard among iron workers employed in the renovation of a large, lead-painted, steel bridge in New York City. Results indicated that baseline and maximum blood lead levels fell significantly after the implementation of the provisions of the standard, as did maximum increments in blood lead concentrations. Seventy-six percent of the workers maintained blood lead concentrations below 20 μg/dl after the OSHA standard, as compared with 66% prior to its implementation. Increments of 20 μg/dl or more occurred considerably more frequently before introduction of the standard (13% before vs. 4% after; p = 0.01). Evidence of decreased exposure to lead was observed among iron workers who were present both before and after the introduction of the OSHA standard, as well as among iron workers newly hired after the OSHA provisions were put in place. These findings document the effectiveness of the OSHA construction lead standard in controlling exposure to lead in this complex and variable environment. The data indicate the utility of blood lead determinations in assessing the outcome of industrial hygiene interventions to reduce exposures to lead in the construction setting. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:303–309, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

地质勘探行业工人粉尘暴露水平的调查

目的　确定地质勘探行业粉尘危害程度。方法　对地质勘探行业接触粉尘工种 ,采用国产个体呼吸性粉尘采样器采集、测定呼吸性粉尘浓度、总粉尘浓度和粉尘中游离二氧化硅 (FSiO2 )含量 ,并与历年接尘点的呼吸性粉尘浓度测定结果进行比较。结果　 9个省 (自治区 )地质勘探行业的765个接触矽尘作业点中 ,呼吸性粉尘浓度超标率为 47.95 % ;呼吸性粉尘浓度最高的作业和工种是从事地质勘探作业的刻槽取样工种 ,1 996～ 2 0 0 0年其呼吸性粉尘浓度为 (6 .1 5± 3 .2 1 )mg/m3;地质勘探行业工人接触的呼吸性粉尘占总粉尘的比例高 ,粉尘中FSiO2 含量高。结论　地质勘探行业某些工种呼吸性粉尘暴露水平明显高于国家卫生标准 ,尤其是刻槽取样工和凿岩工。