Tripartite Model of Depression and Anxiety in Youth Psychiatric Inpatients: Relations With Diagnostic Status and Future Symptoms

Examined the relation of the depression aspect of the tripartite model of depression and anxiety to the diagnostic status and future symptoms of two samples that included 74 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients, ages 7 to 17 years (M = 13.57, SD = 2.39), some with either internalizing or externalizing diagnoses. The tripartite model suggests that anhedonia (low positive affect, or PA) differentiates depression from other conditions, whereas generalized negative affect (NA) also characterizes depression but is not specific to it. In this study, differences among children in PA and NA were associated with depressive versus externalizing diagnostic status and with future symptoms of depression. Depressive disorder diagnoses were associated with the combination of low levels of PA and high levels of NA. Changes over time in depression, but not in anxiety, also were associated with the combination of low PA and high NA. Results provide support for the applicability, clinical utility, and extension of the tripartite model with children.     

不育症女性患者焦虑、抑郁与个性特征关系的对照研究

目的：探讨不育妇女焦虑、抑郁与个性特征的关系.方法：采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）,抑郁自评量表（SDS）和特质焦虑问卷（STAI）对170名不育妇女进行问卷调查,同时选择正常育龄妇女88名作对照.结果：不育症妇女状态焦虑分与特质焦虑分明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）,不育症妇女SDS总分高于对照组（P＜0.01）,不育症妇女EPQ的N得分高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论：不育症妇女存在焦虑、抑郁情绪及高神经质的人格特点.     

脑梗死患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪与A型行为的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪以及与A型行为的关系.方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)及A型行为问卷(TABQ)对86例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)及86名健康人(对照组)进行问卷调查,并将调查结果加以比较.结果 脑梗死组SAS及SDS评分均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01):其TABQ总分及TH、CH因子分亦均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).脑梗死组SAS及SDS评分与TABQ总分及TH因子分均呈显著性正相关,其SAS评分与CH因子分亦呈显著性正相关.结论 脑梗死患者存在明显的焦虑及抑郁情绪,并与A型行为有关.     

40例抑郁症患者心身症状及抑郁焦虑共病情况调查

目的分析抑郁症患者的心身症状及与焦虑共病情况。方法对40例抑郁症患者进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)和汉密顿抑郁(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑(HAMA)量表评定,将SCL-90得分与中国成人常模比较,对汉密顿量表焦虑、抑郁得分进行分级,分析共病情况。结果 40例抑郁症SCL-90的9个症状因子得分均明显高于常模(t=4.91～9.75,P<0.01),HAMD得分分级:重度29例(72.5%)、轻中度11例(27.5%),HAMA得分分级:中度焦虑3例(7.5%)、有肯定焦虑症状30例(75%)、没有明显焦虑7例(17.5%),抑郁焦虑共病率82.5%。结论抑郁症患者心身症状突出,抑郁焦虑共病率较高。     

Type D Personality Is Associated with Social Anxiety in the General Population

Background

Research on the emotional processes associated with Type D personality is important for its further conceptualization. We examined the associations of Type D personality with social and general anxiety symptoms in a large community sample.

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to disentangle the associations of Type D personality and its components with social anxiety and general anxiety in a large sample from the general population.

Methods

A random sample of 2,475 adults from the general population filled out questionnaires to assess Type D personality (DS-14), social anxiety (SIAS¹⁰, SPS¹¹, BFNE-II), and general anxiety (HADS-A, GAD-7).

Results

Type D individuals were characterized by increased levels of both social and general anxiety. The social inhibition (SI) component of Type D personality was most strongly associated with social interaction anxiety (r?=?.63), while negative affectivity (NA) was strongly associated with general anxiety (GAD-7: r?=?.70; HADS-A: r?=?.66). Within social anxiety, SI was more strongly associated with facets of social interaction anxiety than with social phobia. Multiple regression analysis showed that the synergistic interaction of NA and SI was a predictor of social anxiety (SIAS¹⁰: β?=?.32, p?<?.0005; SPS¹¹: β?=?.27, p?<?.0005; BFNE-II: β?=?.11, p?=?.007) independent of demographics and the scores on the individual Type D components. This interaction was not a significant predictor of general anxiety. Logistic regression using the dichotomous Type D classification demonstrated a 9.1-fold (95%CI, 7.0?11.8) increased odds of a score in the highest quartile of social interaction anxiety and a 7.6-fold (95%CI, 5.8–9.8) increased odds of high social phobia. Odds ratios for clinically relevant levels of general anxiety were 8.3 (95%CI, 5.5–12.5) for GAD-7 and 6.5 (95%CI, 3.4–12.6) for HADS-A.

Conclusion

In the general population, Type D individuals were characterized by both social and general anxiety. The SI component of Type D is strongly associated with social interaction anxiety and the synergistic interaction of NA and SI was associated with high social anxiety, above and beyond the main NA and SI effects.     

Dissociation,Psychiatric Symptoms,and Personality Traits in a Non-Clinical Population

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between dissociation and psychiatric symptoms as well as between dissociation and personality traits in a student population using the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The results indicate a strong association between dissociation and psychiatric symptoms in general as well as an association between dissociation and neuroticism. Both associations are primarily mediated through more benign forms of dissociation. Additionally, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation from the BSI were found to account for 52.5% of the variance in DES-scores. Two components of dissociation, psychological and somatoform, as well as the relevance of considering both cognitive and affective factors in the dissociative process are discussed.     

Association of Existing and New Candidate Genes for Anxiety,Depression and Personality Traits in Older People

Genetic variants that have previously been associated with personality traits and/or psychological distress, or inflammatory marker levels were investigated for their relationship to self-rated personality traits, anxiety, and depression in two elderly Scottish cohorts. Ten genes (29 SNPs) were investigated in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (~70 years, N = 1,091). Four of these genes and seven others (35 SNPs) were tested in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 who were measured on the same traits and states on two occasions (~80 years, N = 550; 87 years, N = 229). For previously investigated candidate genes, some support (at a nominal significance level of 0.05/0.01) was found for association between NOS1 and personality traits (especially extraversion), PSEN1 and depression/neuroticism, and GRIK3 and depression. Of the inflammatory marker candidate genes, TF showed some association with psychological distress. No SNPs withstood the correction to significance level for multiple testing. Nevertheless, the results will be of importance to future meta-analyses of these candidate genes in relation to psychological distress and personality.     

精神专科医院中层管理者人格特征与心理健康状况的调查

目的探讨精神专科医院中层管理者的人格特征,并了解其心理健康状况。方法采用卡氏16种人格因素测验(16PF)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对精神专科医院中71名中层管理者进行测查,然后对测查数据进行统计学分析。结果在精神专科医院男中层管理者群体中,乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、世故性、自律性得分显著高于中国成人常模得分(t=8.794,P0.001;t=2.215,P0.05;t=18.099,11.183,4.888,7.352;P0.001;t=2.362,P0.05;t=7.070,P0.001);怀疑性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、紧张性得分显著低于中国常模得分(t=-11.020,-8.775;P0.001;t=-2.169,P0.05;t=-4.790,-12.121;P0.001)。女中层管理者群体中,乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、自律性得分显著高于中国常模得分(t=6.905,P0.001;t=3.027,P0.01;t=10.001,8.469,3.956,9.519,5.522;P0.001);怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性得分显著低于中国常模得分(t=-9.010,-12.746,-3.668,-10.763;P0.001)。SCL-90各因子的得分都显著低于中国常模得分(P0.001)。11个人格因素与SCL-90因子均存在不同程度的相关。结论精神专科医院中层管理者中,中层管理者普遍具有外向、热情、富有才识、稳定成熟、轻松兴奋、做事有恒、尽职尽责、冒险敢为、果断、机灵能干、自律严谨、随和自信等优秀的人格特征。中层管理者的心理健康水平相对而言较高。在一些优秀的人格特征基础上,中层管理者们能够进行相对有效地心理调节。     

Coping Mediates the Association Between Type D Personality and Perceived Health in Chinese Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Background  

Increasing evidence show that Type D personality is a risk factor for morbidity, mortality, and quality of life of patients with coronary vascular disease. Few studies examined coping as a potential behavioral mechanism to explain the harmful effect of Type D personality.     

抑郁症患者焦虑症状、应付方式与人格的相关研究

目的：探讨有无焦虑症状抑郁症患者的应付方式与人格的关系。方法：对88名抑郁症患者及与之匹配的90名正常对照组进行SDS、SAS、EPQ和应付方式问卷评定。结果：与正常对照组相比，抑郁症患者SDS、SAS、EPQ的N、P两个维度的得分高于正常对照组，而EPQ的E维度、积极应付方式得分低于对照组。相对于无焦虑症状组，有焦虑症状组SDS、SAS、EPQ的N、P两个维度的得分明显较高，积极应付方式得分明显较低。相关、回归分析表明抑郁症状的严重程度与SAS、EPQ的E维度及积极应付方式的关系更为密切，三者可解释抑郁症状严重程度方差的52．0％。结论：抑郁症患者发病期有较高的N、P两个维度的得分，较低的E维度得分，较少采用积极的应付方式。相对于无焦虑症状组，有焦虑症状组的抑郁症患者抑郁症状较严重，神经质、精神质比较明显，较少采用积极的应付方式。且较少采用积极的应付方式似乎可纳入人格特质的E维度之中。     

Combined Linkage and Association Analyses of the 124-bp Allele of Marker D2S2944 with Anxiety, Depression, Neuroticism and Major Depression

A central issue in psychiatric genetics is whether positive findings replicate. Zubenko et al. (2002b, Mol. Psychiatry 7:460–467) reported an association of the 124-bp allele of D2S2944 with recurrent early-onset major depression for females. We tested for association of this allele to continuous measures of anxiety, depression and neuroticism in a Dutch sample of 347 males and 448 females, and to DSM-IV major depression in a subsample of 210 males and 295 females. The association of the 124-bp allele to depression in females was not replicated, but there were significant associations (not significant after correction for multiple testing) with anxiety and anxious depression in males. However, the association occurred in the absence of evidence for linkage in this region on chromosome 2.     

Type D Personality, Temperament, and Mental Health in Military Personnel Awaiting Deployment

Background

The Type D (distressed) personality refers to a general propensity to psychological distress defined by the combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition. Type D personality predicts poor mental and physical health in cardiac patients, but it has been argued that its assessment is affected by the state of illness. Therefore, validation of the Type D construct in healthy adults remains essential.

Purpose

The objectives of this study were (1) to validate Type D personality against temperament and character dimensions in young, healthy adults and (2) to investigate the association between Type D personality and pre-deployment mental health.

Method

Type D personality, temperament, and questionnaires on mental health were filled out by 86 healthy male Dutch military personnel before UN deployment to Afghanistan.

Results

Type D personality was present in 16% of healthy military personnel before deployment. The Type D components social inhibition (α?=?0.89) and negative affectivity (α?=?0.85) correlated positively with harm avoidant temperament (r?=?0.66 and 0.46) and negatively with self-directed character (r?=??0.33 and ?0.57). In addition, these four traits loaded on the same broad personality dimension. Military men with a Type D personality not only reported significantly less self-directedness and more harm avoidance as compared to non-Type D men (p?<?0.001) but also more symptoms of PTSD, general emotional distress, and hostility (all p?<?0.012).

Conclusions

Type D personality was associated with harm avoidance, low self-directedness, and increased symptoms of PTSD and hostility in men awaiting deployment. This association was not caused by any somatic confounding in these young, healthy men.     

The Association of Sensory Responsiveness with Somatic Symptoms and Illness Anxiety

Background

Somatoform Disorders or Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders are a major public health problem.The pathophysiology underlying these disorders is not yet understood.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore if sensory responsiveness could contribute to a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying two key symptoms of Somatoform Disorders, namely somatic symptoms and illness anxiety.

Methods

We measured vibrotactile perception thresholds with the HVLab Perception Meter and examined their association with somatic symptoms, illness anxiety and trait anxiety. A sample of 205 volunteers participated in the study.

Results

Sensory responsiveness was neither associated with somatic symptoms (β?=??0.01; 95 % confidence interval (CI), ?0.37, 0.39) nor trait anxiety (β?=??0.07; 95 % CI, ?0.30, 0.07). However, lower vibrotactile perception thresholds were associated with increased scores of the overall illness anxiety scale (β?=??0.65; 95 % CI, ?1.21, ?0.14) and its constituent subscale disease conviction (β?=??2.07; 95 % CI, ?3.94, ?0.43).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that increased sensory responsiveness is associated with illness anxiety and hence should be examined further as potential target within the etiopathology of somatoform disorders.

     

重性抑郁症共病焦虑障碍的应对方式、社会支持和人格特征研究

目的:了解重性抑郁症共病焦虑障碍的应对方式、社会支持和人格特征。方法:采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),对共病焦虑障碍的重性抑郁症与非共病焦虑障碍的重性抑郁症患者进行评估。结果:共病组的社会支持总分、主观支持分、客观支持分显著高于抑郁组(P<0.05),对支持的利用度与抑郁组无显著性差异;共病组的消极应对方式分显著高于抑郁组(P<0.01),在积极应对方式上两组无显著差异。两组患者EPQ各维度评分之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:与非共病患者相比,共病焦虑障碍的重性抑郁症患者社会支持较高、应对方式更为消极,未发现共病者与非共病者在人格方面的差异。     

米氮平与舍曲林治疗抑郁症伴有焦虑疗效比较

目的:比较米氮平与舍曲林对抑郁症伴焦虑的疗效及其安全性.方法:111例抑郁症分为两组.米氮平组56例[男性30例,女性26例,年龄39.4±13.7岁,本次抑郁病期(3.4±5.2)mo]予米氮平30～45mg,po,qd;舍曲林组55例[男性29例,女性26例,年龄40.2±12.6岁,本次抑郁病期4.1±3.8mo]予舍曲林50～100mg,po,qd;均6wk为一个疗程.分别于治疗1、2、4、6周用HAMD、HAMA减分率评定.结果:对抑郁症状的治疗,米氮平组显效率73.2%,舍曲林组显效率67.3%,疗效差异无显著意义(P>0.05);对焦虑症状的治疗,米氮平组显效率78.8%,舍曲林组显效率43.6%,疗效差异有显著意义(P<0.05).整体药物不良反应发生率两组相当.结论:米氮平与舍曲林是安全有效的治疗抑郁症的药物,但抗焦虑作用米氮平优于舍曲林.     

卫生系统新职工焦虑、抑郁与人格特质、效能感的关系

目的探讨焦虑、抑郁与人格特质、效能感的关系。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、自评抑郁量表（SDS）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）和一般自我效能感量表（GSES）对卫生系统新职工进行调查。结果焦虑与情绪性、精神质呈正相关,与掩饰性、一般自我效能感呈负相关;抑郁与情绪性、精神质呈正相关,与掩饰性、内外倾、一般自我效能呈负相关;焦虑和抑郁呈显著正相关;回归分析显示影响焦虑和抑郁的主要因素是情绪性和一般自我效能感。结论焦虑、抑郁与人格特征、效能感有密切关系,情绪性和一般效能感对焦虑、抑郁的影响作用突出。     

综合医院门诊病人焦虑、抑郁与躯体症状的关联研究

目的:探讨广州地区综合医院门诊就诊者的焦虑、抑郁症状及与躯体症状的关系.方法:通过随机抽样从广州市卫生局抽取广州15家综合医院,采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和病人健康问卷(PHQ-15)对1842例综合医院普通门诊就诊者进行量表评定.结果:1842例门诊病人中,焦虑、抑郁及焦虑、抑郁合并现患率分别为14.0%、10.2%、17.8%;躯体症状与焦虑、抑郁的相关分析显示,PHQ-15总分、PHQ-15阳性症状数目与HADS总分、HAD-A因子分及HAD-D因子分呈显著正相关;以躯体症状轻微(PHQ-15,0-4分)组作为参考值,计算不同程度躯体症状患者焦虑、抑郁患病相对危险度,结果显示,轻度(PHQ-15,5-9分)、中度(PHQ-15,10-14分)、重度(PHQ-15,15-30分)躯体症状患者焦虑患病的相对危险度RR(95%CI)分别为2.90(1.94-4.33)、8.32(5.40-12.81)、23.05(12.72-41.77);抑郁患病的相对危险度RR(95%CI)分别为2.37(1.52-3.68)、6.98(4.38-11.13)、9.86(5.18-18.77);焦虑、抑郁合并患病的相对危险度RR(95%CI)分别为2.80(1.98-3.96)、8.11(5.53-11.89)、18.12(10.26-32.03).结论:综合医院门诊就诊者焦虑、抑郁常见;躯体症状与焦虑、抑郁密切相关,躯体症状程度越重,躯体症状数目越多,焦虑、抑郁越明显,焦虑、抑郁患病相对危险度越高.