甲状腺结节268例临床及病理分析

目的对268例因甲状腺结节住院手术治疗的患者资料进行回顾性分析。方法本组共研究268例于2003年8月至2008年8月在我院外科因甲状腺结节住院手术治疗且甲状腺功能正常的患者,对所有患者的临床、实验室检查及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果268例中222例为结节性甲状腺肿（83.8%）,其中121例为单纯性结节性甲状腺肿,101例为结节性甲状腺肿伴出血、囊性变或腺瘤样增生。恶性肿瘤17例,其中甲状腺乳头状腺癌14例（5.2%）,甲状腺滤泡癌2例,甲状腺髓样癌1例。恶性肿瘤患者年龄多在30～49岁,均为查体发现。14例恶性肿瘤超声为低回声实性单结节,6例扫描冷结节。其余病例分别为甲状腺腺瘤、桥本氏病。结论本组甲状腺结节手术病例以良性疾病,尤其结节性甲状腺肿占多数。B超为低回声实性单发结节且扫描为冷结节者恶性可能性大。对无症状且甲状腺功能正常的甲状腺结节,应结合多种辅助检查综合判断结节性质,争取行甲状腺细针抽吸细胞学检查明确诊断,减少良性结节患者不必要的手术。     

甲状腺结节细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查的对比研究

目的对比细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查,探讨其对甲状腺结节性质的诊断意义及其临床应用价值。方法选取我院64例甲状腺结节患者行细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查,以术后病理为金标准,对比研究64例甲状腺结节患者细胞学、组织病理学结果与术后病理结果。结果细针抽吸细胞学检查结果的准确率为84.4%;粗针穿刺组织学检查结果的准确率为90.6%;细针抽吸细胞学检查结果与粗针穿刺组织学检查结果经配对χ2检验,P=0.125>0.05,无统计学意义,细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查无显著性差异。结论细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查在诊断甲状腺结节性质方面均具有较高的准确性,但粗针穿刺组织学检查在临床实践中应用更为广泛。     

甲状腺结节60例细针抽吸细胞学与病理检查的对照分析

目的 :探讨细针抽吸细胞学检查对甲状腺结节性质的诊断价值。方法 :对 6 0例甲状腺结节患者均行细针抽吸细胞学检查 ,而后行手术治疗及病理检查 ,并将两种方法进行对照分析。结果 :6 0例甲状腺结节中 ,细针抽吸结果 :良性 86 .7% ,恶性 13.3% ;手术病理结果 :良性 81.7% ,恶性 18.3%。二者相对照 ,诊断符合者 5 5例 ,诊断符合率为 91.7% ,不符合者 5例 ,其中 3例甲状腺恶性肿瘤误为良性病变。结论 :细针抽吸细胞学检查对甲状腺结节的诊断有一定的参考价值     

甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查的临床应用和价值

目的　总结 143 2例甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查 (FNAC)的经验 ,评价其临床应用价值。方法　对甲状腺细针穿刺标本进行细胞病理学诊断。结果　成功作出细胞学诊断者 12 41例 ,成功率 86 66%。其中 ,甲状腺功能亢进症 2 2 0例 ,桥本甲状腺炎 5 0 4例 ,桥本甲状腺毒症 2 5例 ,亚急性甲状腺炎 40例 ,甲状腺肿 12 2例 ,甲状腺肿囊性变 41例 ,滤泡细胞腺瘤 64例 ,腺瘤囊性变 65例 ,余为个别少见的疾病 ( 160例 )。可疑恶性病变 13例 ,无法诊断 178例。结论　甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查对甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别有重要意义 ;对桥本甲状腺炎有确诊意义 ;能鉴别甲状腺功能亢进和桥本甲状腺功能亢进、亚急性甲状腺炎和桥本甲状腺炎 ;FNAC的诊断快速安全、费用低、准确率较好、近于无损伤性 ,如能正确掌握可以提高甲状腺常见疾病的确诊率     

超声对结节性甲状腺肿的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的分析结节性甲状腺肿的声像图特征及相应的病理学基础,探讨结节性甲状腺肿的超声诊断要点及鉴别诊断。方法对经手术病理证实的203例结节性甲状腺肿、97例甲状腺腺瘤及56例甲状腺癌的声像图特点进行回顾性分析。结果结节性甲状腺肿的超声诊断符合率最高,占91.1%(185/203);甲状腺双叶不规则肿大、病灶多发、结节内部回声复杂以及结节之间无正常甲状腺组织是诊断结节性甲状腺肿的重要指标。结论超声对结节性甲状腺肿的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

147例甲状腺结节性病变彩色多普勒超声诊断的临床分析

江省是地方性甲状腺肿的高发地区之一,由于病史较长,常形成结节样病变.同时甲状腺腺瘤和甲状腺癌早期也表现为结节,因而对其良恶性质的判断,对手术及预后有重要的临床意义.由于这些疾病的病理基础不同,彩色多普勒超声表现也不同.本文回顾性分析了手术病例对照的147例甲状腺结节性病变的二维超声、彩色多普勒显像特征,旨为探讨超声对甲状腺结节性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.     

高频彩超对甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的 探讨运用高频彩超对甲状腺结节的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.方法 对2001-2007年间来我院就诊的80例患者高频彩超结果进行回顾性分析,全部病例均经手术及病理证实.结果 68例良性结节(59例甲状腺腺瘤、7例结节性甲状腺肿、2例甲状腺囊肿)及12例恶性结节(甲状腺癌)中二维超声表现不同,血流动力学差异较显著,其中高频彩超明确诊断的有69例,定性诊断正确率达86.2%.结论 高频彩超对甲状腺结节的诊断与鉴别具有重要价值.     

彩色多普勒血流显像及三维彩色血管能量成像在甲状腺结节性病变的临床应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及三维彩色血管能量成像(3D-CPA)对甲状腺结节性病变的临床诊断价值.方法 2008年1月-2009年5月,在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院超声医学科,选择甲状腺结节患者30例共62个结节,在手术前进行CDFI及3D-CPA检查,根据手术病理结果将结节划分为结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤和甲状腺癌组,分析3组甲状腺结节的血流形态、分布和血流动力学特征的差异.结果 3D-CPA检查结果表明,结节性甲状腺肿血管以外周分布为主,甲状腺腺瘤呈球形网状结构,甲状腺癌血管内径明显增粗,不均匀扭曲.结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤、甲状腺癌组的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)分别为(39.43±11.17)、(46.39±12.98)、(65.17±9.23)cm/s,阻力指数(RI)分别为(0.32±0.08)、(0.41±0.06)、(0.69±0.07),甲状腺癌组的PSV和RI均高于结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤组(P均<0.05),CDFI和3D-CPA检查,甲状腺癌组的血流分级均高于结节性甲状腺肿组和甲状腺腺瘤组(χ2值分别为17.11、12.79,23.05、15.41,P均<0.01).结论 CDFI显像与3D-CPA能直观地反映甲状腺结节性病变的血流分布状况,有助于甲状腺结节性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断.     

甲状腺细针穿刺活检及细胞学检查

细针穿刺活检细胞学检查对许多甲状腺疾病具有可靠的诊断价值。本文简要介绍甲状腺穿刺活检的历史、细针穿刺方法及甲状腺细胞学表现的组织病理基础，详细介绍各种甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能亢进症、甲状腺肿、甲状腺囊性病变、甲状腺腺瘤、各种甲状腺癌及甲状腺髓样癌的细胞学特点。     

甲状腺细针穿刺活检及细胞学检查

细针穿剌活检细胞学检查对许多甲状腺疾病具有可靠的诊断价值。本文简要介绍甲状腺穿刺活检的历 史、细针穿刺方法及甲状腺细胞学表现的组织病理基础,详细介绍各种甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能亢进症、甲状腺肿、甲 状腺囊性病变、甲状腺腺瘤、各种甲状腺癌及甲状腺髓样癌的细胞学特点。     

结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺瘤的临床病理分析

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺瘤的临床病理特点。方法对426例结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺瘤的病变特点进行分析研究。结果结节性甲状腺肿伴有乳头状增生为10.3%(34/330);伴有非典型增生为5.42%(18/330),原16例甲状腺肿误诊为甲状腺瘤。结论结节性甲状腺肿与多发性甲状腺瘤的鉴别有一定难度,结节性甲状腺肿伴有乳头状增生与非典型增生病例应加强随访。     

Distant and lymph node metastases of thyroid nodules with no pathological evidence of malignancy: a limitation of pathological examination

Among thyroid nodules arising from follicular cells, benign nodular goiter is thought not to metastasize to regional or distant organs. However, we encountered five cases that were pathologically diagnosed as benign nodular goiter but showed metastasis. The prevalence of benign nodular goiter showing metastasis was 0.17% (5 of 2978 patients). On pathology, there were no detectable signs of carcinoma or follicular adenoma lesions. Two patients showed lymph node metastasis that was pathologically confirmed as metastasis of nodular goiter. One was preoperatively and another was postoperatively detected by ultrasonography. These patients also showed distant metastases that could be ablated by radioiodine. One patient preoperatively showed lung metastasis and the remaining two showed lung and bone metastases and bone metastasis postoperatively. Pathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules has limitations, and cases diagnosed as benign nodular goiter should still undergo careful follow-up.     

体检发现的甲状腺结节的临床病理研究

目的 探讨体检发现的甲状腺结节甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)检查结果与甲状腺超声检查、组织病理结果之间的关系,分析结节的病因,评估甲状腺癌发生的危险性及FNAC的临床诊断价值.方法 分析体检发现的271例甲状腺结节患者甲状腺FNAC诊断结果,并与甲状腺超声检查、组织病理结果进行比较.结果 (1)FNAC显示,恶性及可疑恶性病变分别为1.48%和5.90%,良性病变占78.60%,以甲状腺肿(29.15%)、桥本甲状腺炎(26.57%)、甲状腺腺瘤(15.13%)多见.(2)FNAC诊断结果与甲状腺超声检查结果比较,96例单发结节FNAC诊断为恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为3.12%、7.29%;137例多发结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为0.73%、6.57%.108例直径≤1.5 cm结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为0.93%、7.41%;125例直径＞1.5 cm结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为2.40%、6.42%.99例实性结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为2.02%、12.12%;85例囊实性或囊性结节恶性、可疑恶性的百分比分别为2.35%、2.35%.仅实性结节可疑恶性的百分比高于囊性或囊实性结节(P=0.013).(3)24例FNAC结果与组织病理学结果比较,FNAC的诊断准确率75.00%,假阳性率25.00%,假阴性率0%.结论 体检发现的甲状腺结节的主要病因是甲状腺肿、桥本甲状腺炎和甲状腺腺瘤;FNAC检查是鉴别良、恶性甲状腺结节的一种高准确率的可靠方法;甲状腺超声检查检出的单发、实性、大结节任何单一因素不足以增加甲状腺癌的预测性.     

Medullary thyroid nodules by measurement of calcitonin (Ct) in aspiration needle washout in patients with multinodular goiter and moderately elevated serum Ct

The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is low in medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC). Recently, a few papers analyzed the measurement of calcitonin (Ct) in washout of the needle after aspiration (WO-Ct) suggesting that this approach may be useful in patients with high serum Ct. Here we reported, for the first time in our best knowledge, 3 patients with multinodular goiter, moderately elevated serum Ct, high value of WO-Ct, and medullary outcome. These findings suggest that in presence of high serum Ct, FNAC should be performed in all nodules, and it should be combined with WO-Ct in all cases.     

The clinical "masks" of Hashimoto's goiter (the problems of diagnosis)

Retrospective analysis of 240 case records of patients with histologically verified Hashimoto's disease has shown that in 62% it was masked by some other thyroid diseases, especially by multinodular and nodular euthyroid goiter. The most effective diagnosis before operation was made in patients using fine needle aspiration puncture biopsy whereas other methods were auxiliary.     

Clinical relevance of thyroid fluorodeoxyglucose-whole body positron emission tomography incidentaloma

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) whole body positron emission tomography (PET) scan is increasingly used in the diagnostic work-up or follow-up of patients. In these conditions, positive PET scans with unexpected hot spots within the thyroid region could be defined as thyroid FDG-PET incidentaloma (in analogy with unexpected sonographic thyroid nodules). We describe eight consecutive patients referred to the endocrine department because of thyroid "hot spots," incidentally detected by whole body FDG-PET scan (September 1999 to March 2001). Using ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and histology reports, we tried to identify the pathology underlying thyroid FDG-PET incidentaloma. FNAC showed an indication for surgery in all patients. Surgery has been performed in 7 patients. Malignancy was correctly identified in five patients: two medullary thyroid carcinomas, one with lymph node invasion, and three papillary thyroid carcinomas with invasion through the thyroid capsule in two of the PTC cases. In two patients with a positive FDG-PET scan, FNAC pointed to follicular neoplasms, and final histology reports showed follicular adenoma. In the remaining patient, FNAC revealed a follicular lesion, but surgery has not yet been performed. In conclusion, a small series of consecutive thyroid FDG-PET incidentaloma cases is presented and suggests a high rate of clinically relevant malignancies.     

恶性黑色素瘤的临床细胞病理学分析

目的：探讨恶性黑色素瘤的细针吸取细胞学（FNAC）特点,以提高诊断水平,避免误诊。方法：回顾性分析经病理组织学证实的38例恶性黑色素瘤的针吸细胞学改变及临床资料,部分病例行免疫组织化学染色。结果：38例经病理组织学证实的恶性黑色素瘤病例中,20例为原发灶,18例为转移灶;FNAC明确诊断者为32例,疑诊3例,误诊为淋巴结转移腺癌3例。FNAC表现以上皮样型多见,共29例,梭形细胞型8例,混合型1例;其中有色素性恶性黑色素瘤28例,无色素性黑色素瘤10例。结论：FNA易于诊断有色素性恶性黑色素瘤,而无色素性恶性黑色素瘤则容易误诊。详尽询问病史,掌握其镜下特征,结合免疫组织化学染色能提高诊断率,避免误诊。     

Familial aggregation of autoimmune thyroiditis in first-degree relatives of patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroid disease.

Several studies have shown aggregation of autoimmune thyroiditis in families by estimation of thyroid antibodies. However, the prevalence by concurrent estimation with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and thyroid antibodies has not been previously reported. We therefore studied 222 first-degree relatives (group 1) of 71 index cases diagnosed as lymphocytic thyroiditis on FNAC and 81 family members (group 2) of 23 goitrous children diagnosed as colloid goiter on FNAC for comparison. Successful FNAC conducted in 122 group 1 subjects revealed lymphocytic thyroiditis in 51 (42%), whereas lymphocytic thyroiditis was diagnosed in only 5 goitrous subjects (13%) in group 2. Among group 1 subjects with FNAC-proven lymphocytic thyroiditis, antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were found in 35 (67%), while in anti-TPO antibody positive goitrous relatives of group 1, lymphocytic thyroiditis was found in 36 (78%). Eight new cases of overt hypothyroidism and 45 new cases of subclinical hypothyroidism were diagnosed among group 1 subjects. Our study suggests: (1). familial clustering of autoimmune thyroiditis; (2). if only FNAC or thyroid antibodies is used for diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in children, 22%-33% of cases are likely to be missed; and (3). serum thyrotropin (TSH) should be offered to all first-degree relatives of patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis.     

Prognostic factors and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma with false negative or nondiagnostic FNAC before surgery. Comparison with a control group

Since the clinical implementation of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to diagnose thyroid carcinoma, few patients remain misdiagnosed and little is known about their clinical outcomes. An observational retrospective study was carried out to analyse prognostic factors and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) not disclosed by FNAC before surgery, compared to a control group. From October 2003 to July 2010, 308 patients underwent surgery as treatment for nodular goitre and 53 had DTC. Cases were 12 subjects with DTC and benign (n?=?7) or nondiagnostic (n?=?5) FNAC. Controls were 39 subjects with DTC and suspicious (n?=?19) or malignant (n?=?20) FNAC. Prognostic factors, recurrence and survival rates were compared. Cases had longer time from FNAC to surgery than the control group (86.8?±?74.1 vs. 16.4?±?23.8?weeks; P?相似文献