甲状腺癌的CT诊断

目的:总结甲状腺癌的CT表现,提高其诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析63例经手术或穿刺活检后病理证实的甲状腺癌的CT表现。结果:63例甲状腺癌,肿瘤最大径0.5 cm～8.5 cm,其中2 cm～5 cm者40例(63.5%)。全部肿瘤内均有不同程度的低密度区。肿瘤边缘模糊不规则56例(88.9%)。肿瘤内有颗粒样钙化29例(46.0%),其中直径≤2 mm的细颗粒钙化17例,8例兼有粗细混合性钙化,直径>2 mm的粗钙化4例。腺体边缘出现包膜/假包膜连续性中断的"残圈"征20例(31.8%),肿瘤周边出现"半岛状"瘤结节17例(27.0%),肿瘤囊变伴囊壁明显强化的乳头状结节8例(12.7%)。颈部出现淋巴结转移40例(63.5%),其中增强后明显强化22例,密度接近于正常甲状腺组织,10例转移淋巴结有囊性变伴囊壁明显强化的乳头状结节,7例淋巴结最大短径<0.8 cm,7例乳头状癌的颈部转移淋巴结内有颗粒样钙化(5例为细颗粒状钙化,2例为混合性钙化)。结论:甲状腺癌具有特异性的CT表现:细颗粒样钙化、囊变伴囊壁乳头状强化结节、半岛状瘤结节及残圈征,同时颈部淋巴结转移也具有原发病灶的特征性表现。CT薄层扫描可提高甲状腺细颗粒钙化的检出率。平扫加增强对甲状腺癌的定性和术前分期、制定手术方案十分重要。     

甲状腺癌的CT表现及诊断价值

目的：探讨甲状隙癌的CT表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的35例甲状腺癌患者的CT表现。结果：肿瘤的大小、肜态不规则，密度为不均匀的低密度。边缘不清晰者31例（88．5％），肿瘤内见沙砾状、斑点状钙化者10例（28．6％）．见囊变区者15例（42．9％）．其囊壁厚薄不均，有壁结节形成。18例增强扫描肿瘤呈不均匀强化。病变呈浸润性生长10例（28．6％）．气管受侵犯3例，食管受侵犯1例，咽喉受侵犯1例，颈部肌肉、血管鞘和皮肤受侵犯4例。颈部淋巴结转移16例（45．7％），其中单侧转移12例，双侧转移4例。结论：甲状腺癌的CT特征性表现对于甲状腺癌术前确诊断和治疗方案的制定有重要意义。     

甲状腺良性及恶性占位病变的CT鉴别诊断

目的分析甲状腺占位痛变的CT表现，探讨甲状腺良、恶性占位病变的CT鉴别诊断要点。方法42例甲状腺良、恶性占位病变均经螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描和手术病理证实，其中甲状腺腺瘤18例，结节性甲状腺肿6倒，甲状腺癌18例。结果甲状腺腺瘤平扫为边界清晰的低密度结节。增强扫描18例中13例显示瘤内强化结节及周边强化环，周围脂肪间隙清晰；6例结节性甲状腺肿痛灶局限，表现为单发或多发低密度影，边缘光滑，伴有囊变。甲状腺癌平扫密度不均匀，边界不清，增强扫描强化不均，并向邻近组织侵犯，56％有颈部淋巴结肿大。12例甲状腺乳头状癌痛变中8例出现囊性变伴有囊壁明显强化的乳头状结节，甲状腺癌出现细颗粒状钙化（39％）明显高于良性痛变（8％）。结论CT对甲状腺占住痛变的臣、恶性鉴别诊断，应从痛变边缘、密度、有无颈淋巴结肿大、周围组织是否受侵及瘤内钙化等5个方面综合分析。     

甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移56例CT增强表现及其意义

目的：探讨甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移者的CT增强表现,评价其增强的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移者56例的CT增强表现,分析淋巴结强化程度及方式,评价其CT特点。结果：本组均行平扫＋增强扫描,平扫CT值33～63 HU,增强后66～184 HU,其强化程度为重度强化,强化方式为均匀强化,部分明显强化背景下见散在小低密度区,囊性变及壁内明显强化的乳头状或菜花状结节。结论：CT增强扫描能更好发现颈部肿大的淋巴结并显示其强化特点。     

常见坏死性颈部淋巴结病变的MSCT鉴别诊断

目的探讨常见坏死性颈部淋巴结病变的特征性CT表现,以提高对其鉴别诊断水平。方法收集2010年8月一2013年5月在新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院就诊并确诊的常见坏死性颈部淋巴结病变393例患者的资料,淋巴结结核组66例,淋巴结转移瘤组99例,淋巴瘤组228例,分析其术前或放化疗前的CT图像,主要对坏死淋巴结的强化模式及并存无坏死淋巴结的分布、形态学特征、钙化、显著强化壁结节等具有重要鉴别价值的共存征象进行分析。结果淋巴结坏死率以淋巴结结核组最高（880．4）,其次为鳞癌转移淋巴结（51％）、腺癌转移淋巴结（39％）和甲状腺癌转移淋巴结（27％）,淋巴瘤的坏死率较低（14％）。除了“花环状”、“分房样”、“湖形”强化（C型强化模式）主要见于结核以外,其他各型强化模式都可出现在3种病变中。共存征象在淋巴瘤分布广,均伴有典型“鹅卵石”征;淋巴结转移瘤融合现象多见（42／95）且多数患者发现头颈部原发灶（48／95）,甲状腺癌淋巴结转移者尚发现强化幅度与甲状腺类似的淋巴结（5例）、显著强化壁结节（3例）、钙化（5例）等特征性征象;淋巴结结核者发现淋巴结斑点状钙化（9例）、瘘管形成（3例）,9例同时发现肺结核。结论颈部坏死性淋巴结病变的强化模式与某些共存征象相结合对颈部淋巴结结核、转移瘤及淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断具有重要参考价值。     

甲状腺癌的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:分析甲状腺癌的CT表现及鉴别诊断要点。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的83例甲状腺癌和119例甲状腺良性病变的CT表现,归纳总结不同病变的CT特征。结果:83例甲状腺癌中:边界不清62例,不规则坏死59例,囊性变23例,出现“半岛状”强化结节25例,“乳头状”强化结节11例,钙化55例(其中弥漫性钙化27例、局灶钙化28例),侵犯气管15例,颈部或锁骨上淋巴结肿大27例,CT对甲状腺病变的良恶性鉴别诊断符合率93.6%(189/202)。结论:“半岛状”强化结节是甲状腺癌的特征性表现,“乳头状”强化结节及弥漫性钙化可做为甲状腺癌的肯定性征象,掌握各种甲状腺病变的CT表现特点,对病变的定性诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

甲状腺癌的螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨螺旋CT对甲状腺癌的诊断价值。方法对40例手术病理证实为甲状腺癌的患者螺旋CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果40例甲状腺癌中38例表现为低密度区,35例肿瘤密度不均、边界不清,23例肿瘤内出现钙化;其中20例呈细颗粒钙化;增强扫描40例肿瘤呈不均匀强化,其中10例出现瘤周“半岛状”结节,5例出现“强化残圈”征。向周围组织器官浸润19例,颈部淋巴结转移18例,其中6例出现钙化。结论螺旋CT对甲状腺癌的诊断具有重要价值,在评价甲状腺癌向周围组织器官侵犯方面具有明显优势,可为临床制定治疗方案提供重要依据。     

螺旋CT对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的:评价螺旋CT对甲状腺癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析89例经手术和病理证实的甲状腺癌的螺旋CT资料。结果:89例甲状腺癌的主要CT表现为密度不均88例,边界不清68例,不规则坏死67例,囊性变39例,瘤周出现“半岛状”强化结节25例,囊壁“乳头状”强化结节9例,钙化55例,增强强化不均73例,CT判断甲状腺癌侵犯气管、食管、颈动脉鞘和颈部或锁骨上淋巴结肿大转移分别为:29例、21例、16例和26例,手术证实分别为:26例,17例、14例和26例。CT对甲状腺癌诊断正确率94.4%(84/89)。结论:CT对甲状腺癌的诊断可靠,能发现甲状腺癌外侵与否,能帮助临床术前分期,CT检查是必要的。     

CT对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的鉴别诊断作用

目的探讨CT对结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌的鉴别诊断作用。方法回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌患者的CT表现。结果 33例乳头状癌、2例未分化癌,1例髓样癌;18例淋巴结转移。CT平扫35例癌灶形态不规则,29例边缘不清晰,5例突破包膜;23例癌灶纵横比>1;28例癌灶为低密度,癌灶内钙化17例,11例砂砾样钙化,12例钙化位于病灶中心;增强扫描36例癌灶不均匀强化,4例囊变中可见中等强化壁结节,13例癌灶边界较平扫模糊。4例侵犯周围组织,6例发现颈部转移淋巴结>10 mm。结论结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺癌CT征象相比于单纯性甲状腺癌无特异性CT表现,根据结节的边缘、形态、纵横比、钙化、平扫及增强密度、与周围组织关系、淋巴结增大情况综合分析,能提高甲状腺肿疾病中合并甲状腺癌诊断正确率,降低漏诊率。     

甲状腺癌的CT诊断研究

目的探讨甲状腺癌的CT表现特征及其诊断价值以提高其诊断准确性。方法回顾分析78例经手术病理证实的甲状腺癌的CT表现。结果本组78例甲状腺癌,乳头状癌57例,泡状状癌14例、髓样癌5例、未分化癌2例。肿瘤长径0．3～8．5cm,均表现为程度不等的低密度,63例表现为密度不均,肿瘤边界模糊不规则70例,41例出现颗粒状钙化。颈部出现淋巴结转移49例,其中30例增强后明显强化,密度接近正常强化甲状腺组织。结论甲状腺癌的CT表现具有特征性,对诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值;CT对甲状腺肿瘤的定性非常有意义,而且可以显示肿瘤侵犯范围及骨质破坏情况,对临床术式选择、判断疗效和提示预后都具有重要价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.