三叉神经痛:MRI序列选择及MRI诊断价值

目的 探讨三叉神经痛患者的MRI影像表现及最佳成像序列和方法，评价MRI对三叉神经痛的诊断价值。资料与方法 应用三维稳态构成干扰序列（constructive interference in steady state,CISS)和三维稳态旋进快速成像序列（fast imaging with steady state precession,FISP)结合三维预磁化快速梯度回波序列（magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo imaging,MPRAGE or 3D-MPR),并采用三维多平面或曲面重建技术对25例（50条）正常对照组及50例（50条，单发）三叉神经痛患者行MR成像，观察MRI图像中神经、血管显示情况和三叉神经痛在MRI中的表现形式。结果 （1）正常对照组神经血管压迫或接触为30％，三叉神经痛患者病侧为96％，血管包绕神经及神经变形，对照组没有出现，病例组5例。（2）50例三叉神经痛患者中病例MRI诊断为血管压迫或接触的为38例，手术证实有血管压迫为18例，另有10例行γ－刀治疗，术后症状消失；桥小脑角肿瘤7例，均为手术证实；血管病变5例，均由微血管减压术或手术证实。（3）正常对照组与病例组神经血管压迫或接触的阳性率差异有显著意义（P＜0．005），诊断敏感性为96％，特异性为79％。结论 磁共振3D－CISS和3D－FISP序列结合3D－MPR序列能够清晰显示三叉神经与邻近血管、肿瘤性病变和血管性病变之间的关系，对临床提供术前评估和指导治疗有极其重要的意义。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

磁共振成像技术已成为诊断子宫腺肌症的重要手段，全面认识该病的MRI征象及病理基础，有利于鉴别诊断水平的提高。就子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断、鉴别诊断及MR检查的临床价值作一综述。     

血管压迫性三叉神经痛的MRI研究

目的 采用MR断层血管成像术对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的责任血管作深入研究。方法 235侧正常三叉神经及147侧有三叉神经痛症状的三叉神经MR三维时间飞跃（3D-TOF）扫描图像由2名医师以盲法读片，评判所见三叉神经周围有无血管及其与血管的关系，并记录所见血管的直径、血管至脑干的距离及血管的走行方向。分别进行团体t检验和卡方检验以明确有无统计学意义。结果 共有242侧三叉神经周围可以见到关系密切的血管，其中111侧为无症状组，131侧为有症状组，经统计表明有症状组三又神经所见责任血管距脑干的距离中位数为2mm，明显较无症状组（中位数为4mm）短（P〈0．01），有症状组三叉神经所见责任血管与血管夹角（89．3％，117／131）〉45。（P〈0．01）。无症状组中仅有1例（0．4％，1／235）发现三叉神经受血管推压移位，而在有症状组中有45例（30．6％，45／147），因此有症状组三叉神经受压推移率明显高于无症状组（P〈0．01）。结论 MRI对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的责任血管的评估非常有价值。责任血管距脑干的最短距离及走行与血管压迫性三叉神经痛的发病非常有关。     

三叉神经受压位置的MRI与三叉神经痛的相关研究

目的：探讨三叉神经痛与血管压迫神经的位置关系。方法：回顾性分析50例有神经血管压迫症状患者的临床和MRI表现，其中40例有三叉神经痛，10例无三叉神经痛。结果：40例有三叉神经痛患者的MRI表现中35例（87．5％）显示血管压迫三叉神经根进入区（REZ）处，5例（12．5％）显示压迫三叉神经节前段（PGS）处；10例无三叉神经痛患者的MRI表现中4例（40％）显示压迫REZ处，3例（30％）显示压迫PGS处，3例（30％）显示压迫三叉神经门进入区（PEZ）处。结论：大部分三叉神经痛患者的神经血管压迫位于REZ处。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

磁共振成像技术已成为诊断子宫腺肌症的重要手段,全面认识该病的MRI征象及病理基础,有利于鉴别诊断水平的提高.就子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断、鉴别诊断及MR检查的临床价值作一综述.     

三叉神经痛患者血管压迫MRI表现与手术结果对照研究

目的 分析三叉神经痛患者ＭＲＩ表现,探讨ＭＲＩ对三叉神经痛神经血管压迫的诊断价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析８５例三叉神经痛患者ＭＲＩ表现及手术结果。结果 ８５例三叉神经痛患者共１７０侧脑池段三叉神经ＭＲＩ检查中,５９侧存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,可疑接触３５侧,其中症状侧有神经血管压迫、接触或可疑接触者为７５例,经统计学分析,三叉神经痛患者症状有无与是否存在血管压迫或接触有显著意义（Ｐ〈０．００１）     

血管压迫性三叉神经痛的MRI

血管压迫三叉神经是导致三叉神经痛的主要原因之一,本文收集了近期有关血管压迫性三叉神经痛的MRI研究文献,对三叉神经与血管的解剖关系、三又神经痛的MRI检查技术、MRI表现及MRI的敏感度和特异度进行了综述。     

三维时间飞跃对三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的 探讨三叉神经痛神经患者的ＭＲ表现为其诊断价值。方法 应用三维时间飞跃（３Ｄ－ＴＯＦ）序列,结合ＳＥ及快速液体衰减反转恢复（ＦＬＡＩＲ）序列,回顾性分析了１０４例三叉神经痛患者ＭＲ表现及手术结果。结果 （１）１０４例三叉神经痛患者中ＭＲＩ诊断为血管压迫或接触的为７５例,术中证实有血管压迫或接触的为６９例;桥小脑角肿瘤共１４例,ＭＲＩ确诊１３例,另１例由手术确诊;血管性病变的为５例,均由微血管减     

精神分裂症电抽搐治疗的头颅MRI研究进展

电抽搐治疗(EC T)是精神分裂症(SZ)物理治疗的重要方法之一,尤其是EC T联合抗精神病药物对难治性SZ具有良好的治疗效果.然而,由于EC T的作用机制暂未明确、受益人群尚不十分清楚,其在许多国家的临床实践中并未得到充分使用.因此,运用M RI等神经影像学方法,从脑结构、功能和代谢等角度探究EC T联合药物治疗对S...     

三叉神经痛神经血管压迫的MRI研究

目的探索三能（ＴＮ）神经血管压迫（ＮＶＣ）的最佳扫描序列和扫描方法。试图发现正常人和人之间神经血管在接触上的差异。评价ＭＲＩ对ＴＮ的诊断价值。方法 对２具福尔马林罪恶的头颅,按照ＭＲＩ扫描平面切层,观察三叉神经的走行及与邻近血管的关系。且２０例,原发性ＴＮ１５例,使用ＳＥＴ１Ｗ少三维时间飞跃破坏性稳态梯度回聚回波（３Ｄ－ＴＤＦ－ＳＰＧＲ）序列。１１例病人做了增强扫描。盲法观察３个平面血管神经关系。     

3D-VIBE序列对血管压迫性三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛诊断价值

目的探讨3.0 T磁共振3D扰相梯度回波(3D-VIBE)序列对于三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛责任血管的诊断价值。方法利用3D-VIBE的原始图像重建,从不同的角度观察神经与血管的走行关系,发现责任血管,并与临床微血管减压术(MVD)进行比对。结果进行3D-VIBE序列扫描后发现责任血管,与术中所见基本符合。血管呈高信号,神经呈等信号,对比良好,能够直观显示血管与神经的解剖结构。三叉神经痛的症状侧的血管压迫阳性符合率为90.6%(29/32),面肌痉挛的症状侧的血管压迫阳性符合率为89.4%(17/19)。结论 3D-VIBE序列对于发现血管压迫性三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛责任血管,明确血管与神经的关系有诊断价值。     

MRI在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛病因诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MRI在诊断三叉神经痛与半侧面肌痉挛中的价值.方法 将51例三叉神经痛与23例半侧面肌痉挛患者的术前MRI资料与手术结果进行对照分析.结果 ①74例患者中,MRI诊断患侧桥小脑角胆脂瘤8例,听神经瘤7例,三叉神经瘤4例,脑膜瘤3例,患侧神经微血管压迫49例(66.21％),MRI未见异常者3例(4.05％);②手术病理结果:胆脂瘤8例,听神经瘤7例,三叉神经瘤4例,脑膜瘤3例,三叉神经或面神经根部异常血管压迫者46例(62.16％),术中未见异常者6例(8.11％).结论 MRI在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛病因诊断中具有很高价值,是术前首选的检查方法.     

磁共振3D-TSE序列和3D-VIBE序列在诊断血管压迫性三叉神经痛中的价值

目的探讨磁共振3 D-TSE序列和3 D-VIBE序列对于血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法采用3 DTSE序列和3 D-VIBE序列扫描28例临床拟诊为血管压迫性三叉神经痛的患者。经3 DMRP、MIP、min-MIP后处理图像,观察三叉神经与周围血管的关系。结果 28例患者手术证实26例存在血管神经接触或压迫,3 D-VIBE、3 D-TSE序列综合判断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、手术符合率分别为92.0%(23/25)、33.3%(1/3)、92.0%(23/25)、85.7%(24/28)。而且MRI所显示的责任血管与神经的相对位置关系与术中所见具有高度的一致性(K=0.81)。结论 3 D-TSE序列和3 D-VIBE序列结合可以清楚显示脑池内血管和三叉神经的空间关系并辨认责任血管的来源,对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的术前评估具有较高的价值。     

CT在三叉神经痛和半侧面肌痉挛诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨CT在诊断三叉神经痛与半侧面肌痉挛中的价值。方法:将772例经手术治疗的三叉神经痛(326例)与半侧面肌痉挛(446例)患者的术前CT资料与手术结果进行对照分析。结果:①CT表现:772例患者中,CT发现患侧桥小脑角胆脂瘤26例,听神经瘤14例,三叉神经瘤8例,脑膜瘤6例,患侧桥小脑角扩张增粗血管490例(63.47%),CT未见异常者228例(29.6%);②手术病理结果:胆脂瘤27例,听神经瘤14例,三叉神经瘤8例,脑膜瘤6例,三叉神经或面神经根部异常血管压迫者696例(90.15%),术中未见异常者21例。结论:CT在病因诊断方面很有帮助,它既可以发现桥小脑角占位病变,又能显示桥小脑角扩张增粗的血管,是术前有效的检查方法。     

血管压迫性三叉神经痛责任血管的3.0T MRI研究

目的 采用3.0 T MRI显示三叉神经及周围血管的解剖关系,分析产生原发性三叉神经痛(TN)的血管压迫特点.方法 选择50例TN患者(50支TN患侧和50支TN对侧三叉神经;其中23例行微血管解压术)和50名没有面部疼痛的志愿者(100支非TN三叉神经),在3.0TMR采用三维快速稳态梯度回波序列(3D TRU-FISP)及3D 三维时间飞跃(TOF-MRA)扫描.若判断TN患者为静脉病变,并行增强3D快速小角度反转序列(3DFLASH)扫描.以上图像融合重建成虚拟脑池图,评价神经血管压迫程度分级(1级无压迫,2级静脉性压迫,3级神经与动脉接触,4级有动脉压痕,5级动脉压迫导致神经明显移位),以及血管接触神经的方位(三叉神经的上侧或其他侧)、血管神经接触点的位置(近:位于三叉神经脑池段近脑干1/3长度区域,远:位于三叉神经脑池段远脑干2/3长度区域).3D TRU-FISP序列重建的冠、矢状面图像用于测量神经长度、神经横截面及脑池面积.采用卡方检验观察2组的三叉神经:血管压迫神经引起神经切迹或移位(4级和5级)、血管神经压迫点和神经出脑干处距离、血管压迫神经的位置位于神经上侧方的发生率.采用t检验观察测量数值的统计学意义,并用Logisac回归分析三叉神经痛的发病因素.结果 两序列及融合图像可以清晰显示神经血管的关系,与23例微血管解压术中所见吻合度高,术后症状消失或明显减轻21例.血管压迫或接触三叉神经的发生率在志愿者组(1级79支,2级5支,3级8支,4级8支)、TN对侧(1级27支,2级6支,3级9支,4级8支)及TN患侧(1级4支,2级t2支,3级12支,4级7支,5级15支)分别为21.0％(21/100)、46.0％ (23/50)、92.0％ (46/50).TN患侧三叉神经较志愿者三叉神经血管受压迫程度4、5级者差异有统计学意义(x2=27.0,P ＜0.01);血管接触点的位置在TN患侧近32支、远14支,在志愿者近4支、远17支(x2=14.8,p＜0.01);压迫血管位置中,TN患侧位于神经上侧36支、其他侧10支,志愿者中位于神经上侧5支、其他侧16支(x2=18.0,P＜0.01);所在层面脑桥池面积,TN患侧为(183.9+52.5) mm2、对侧为(217.8±58.8)mm2(t=-3.04,P＜0.01);脑池段神经中点截面积,TN患侧为(6.3±1.3)mm2、对侧为(7.7±1.6) mm2(t=-4.8,P＜0.01);脑池段神经长度,TN患侧为(8.0±1.9)mm、对侧为(9.0±2.0)mm(t=-2.64,P＜0.05),差异均有统计学意义.结论 MR可以清楚显示TN患者血管与三叉神经的关系,受压迫神经位置更靠神经近端及头侧、神经所在层面脑桥池面积较小者,均是较强的手术指征.     

MRI volumetry for the preoperative diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia

To assess whether quantitative measuring methods can help improve the reliability of MRI-based evaluations of the pathological role of a neurovascular conflict between an artery and the trigeminal nerve. In a prospective study, magnetic resonance images were obtained from 62 patients with unilateral facial pain and 50 healthy test subjects. In coronal T1- and T2-weighted sequences volume measurements were performed by regions of interest and compared intraindividually (healthy versus affected side in the patient populations and right versus left side in the group of test subjects) and on the basis of the different clinical pictures (t test for dependent and independent samples, p<0.05). In patients with trigeminal neuralgia, the affected nerve showed a smaller volume than the trigeminal nerve on the healthy side (p<0.001). Such a volume difference was noted neither in the other patients nor in the healthy test subjects. Quantitative MRI measurements allow a pathological neurovascular conflict to be distinguished from a nonpathological condition where an artery is in close proximity to the trigeminal nerve. The measured volume difference between the healthy and the affected nerve in patients with neuralgia is indicative of trigeminal nerve atrophy resulting from damage to the nerve.     

Sensitivity and specificity of MRA in the diagnosis of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

The published rates of operatively confirmed neurovascular compression as the cause for trigeminal neuralgia range from 10 % to nearly 100 %. High-definition magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 27 consecutive patients (in 6 cases with 3D reconstructions) to show neurovascular compression preoperatively. The MRA findings were compared with the relationship between the Vth nerve and the surrounding vessels at surgery. In 23 patients MRA showed present neurovascular compression in accordance with surgical findings (18/27 in complete accordance of type and side of vessel, site and direction of compression). One woman had no neurovascular compression either on MRA or intraoperatively. One MRA prediction of neurovascular compression was false, and two results were false negative. The sensitivity of MRA was therefore 88.5 % but the specificity only 50 %, if surgical findings are the reference. In one patient with right trigeminal neuralgia MRA revealed bilateral neurovascular compression of the Vth nerves. Therefore, the overall specificity of MRA might be below 50 %. In one patient with multiple sclerosis, the decision to operate was markedly influenced by the clear finding of neurovascular compression on MRA. The patient has been free from trigeminal pain for 149 weeks after microvascular decompression. In 6 patients, 3D reconstructions of the MRA data were performed. The images helped in 3D visualisation of the operation, but did not yield new information about the nature of the vessels revealed, or the site, direction or side of the neurovascular compression. Received: 15 May 1997 Accepted: 18 June 1997     

A single-blinded pilot study assessing neurovascular contact by using high-resolution MR imaging in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

Objective

To assess the feasibility and utility of high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (3D MRA) and contrast-enhanced 3D spoiled gradient-recalled imaging (3D SPGRI) for the purpose of visualization of neurovascular contact in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients.

Methods

Forty-five patients (25 males, 20 females; age range, 23–82 years; and mean age, 55.67 ± 18.23 years) with unilateral typical TN and 36 control subjects (21 males, 15 females; age range, 25–85 years; mean age, 57.53 ± 19.25 years) underwent high-resolution 3D MRA and contrast-enhanced 3D SPGRI assessment. The images were reviewed by two experienced neuroradiologists who were blinded to the clinical details. The imaging results were compared with the operative findings in all the patients; additionally, the degree of neurovascular contact was compared between the two groups based on MR imaging.

Results

In 45 patients with unilateral typical TN, the use of 3D MRA in conjunction with the contrast-enhanced 3D SPGRI identified neurovascular contact in 40 of the 42 symptomatic nerves; the contact was verified surgically. Based on the surgical findings, the sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging were 95.20% and 100%, respectively. Based on MRI, the compressing vessel (artery, vein) was correctly identified in 32 of the 39 cases verified by microvascular decompression. There was good agreement (K = 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.99) between the position (medial, lateral, superior, and inferior) of the compressing vessel relative to the trigeminal nerve as defined by MR imaging and the surgical findings. The rates of vascular contact with the trigeminal nerve as observed on MRI were 31.94%, 48.89%, and 88.9% in the control subjects, asymptomatic, and symptomatic side of patients, respectively.

Conclusion

The combined use of high-resolution 3D MRA and contrast-enhanced 3D SPGRI is an extremely sensitive and specific technique for demonstrating vascular contact with the trigeminal nerve in TN patients.