孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的影像学诊断和治疗

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层是临床上的少见病,该病的治疗目前尚无统一方案.本研究回顾性分析2011年4月至2012年1月扬州大学临床医学院收治的3例孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者的临床资料,旨在探讨该病的影像诊断和治疗效果.3例患者经过保守治疗后腹痛症状缓解不明显甚至加重,行血管腔内裸支架植入术治疗,术后继续给予抗凝、抗血小板治疗.3例患者支架腔内重建术均获成功,共植入7个裸支架;植入支架后患者的腹痛症状有不同程度减轻,3d后腹痛均消失.复查CT血管重建肠系膜上动脉内支架位置良好,支架腔内血流通畅,夹层及假腔消失.     

腔内支架技术治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层

目的探讨腔内支架技术治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（spontaneous isolated dissection of superior mesenteric artery,SIDSMA）的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2011年4月16例接受血管腔内支架治疗的SIDSMA的临床资料。结果均手术顺利,12例行单层裸支架释放,4例行双层裸支架释放。术后腹痛症状改善15例,无变化1例。术后6个月CTA复查,16例均支架通畅,14例假腔消失,2例支架外造影剂显影。结论对于未合并夹层破裂出血、肠坏死的症状性SIDSMA,腔内支架治疗是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗选择。     

急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层并灌注不良的腔内治疗

目的 总结急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层并内脏或下肢动脉灌注不良的腔内治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2001年7月至2012年12月收治的23例急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层并内脏或下肢动脉灌注不良患者的临床资料,其中男20例,女3例,年龄42～ 75岁,平均(52±9)岁.5例(21.7％)肾动脉缺血,9例(39.1％)肠系膜上动脉缺血,3例(13％)腹腔干缺血,6例(20.1％)下肢缺血(左下肢坏死1例).其中2例同时有肾动脉及下肢动脉缺血.分别采用不同的腔内技术治疗.结果 23例支架人工血管成功覆盖近端第一破口.11例(47.8％)其他分支动脉植入了支架.23例患者灌注不良得到改善,手术技术成功率100％.1例合并右髂动脉闭塞致下肢缺血者,支架人工血管覆盖第一破口并右髂动脉内植入支架后治愈.1例合并下肢动脉缺血坏死者支架人工血管植入术后一期行大腿中上段截肢术.23例患者均获随访,随访6 ～72个月,平均(21±11)个月,无移植物移位及器官缺血.本组无截瘫病例.结论 腔内支架人工血管植入覆盖主动脉夹层第1破口是首选的治疗手段.部分患者尚需结合分支动脉支架植入等方法来进一步治疗.     

血管腔内裸支架成形术治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层

目的探讨血管腔内裸支架成形术治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SIDSMA)的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析经CTA及DSA确诊的15例SIDSMA患者的临床资料。按照Yun分型将SIDSMA分为4型。所有患者均接受SMA腔内裸支架成形术,术后予抗凝治疗2天及抗血小板治疗6个月。术后1、6、12个月及以后每年1次进行临床症状及CTA随访。结果15例患者中Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱa型11例,Ⅱb型3例。技术成功率100%,共植入裸支架22枚,其中行单个裸支架植入8例,双层裸支架重叠植入7例。随访时间5～51个月,平均(30.0±14.5)个月。随访期间未出现症状复发及与支架植入相关并发症;CTA提示SMA支架通畅,夹层重塑。1例患者于术后7个月死于急性心脏疾病。结论血管腔内裸支架成形术治疗SIDSMA是一种安全、有效的方法。     

介入治疗63例自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者临床效果及应用CT诊断的意义

目的探讨自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者采用介入治疗临床效果,并观察其采用CT诊断临床表现。方法回顾性分析医院2010年2月至2016年11月63例自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者临床诊治情况。所有患者均采用介入治疗,并应用CT进行检查,观察患者CT表现。随访6个月,观察患者术后治疗结果及影像学诊断情况。结果所有患者均采用介入术治疗,其中支架联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗者21例、单纯支架植入42例;本次治疗均成功,技术成功率为100.0%,术后均未发生并发症。术后随访6个月,52例症状性患者于术后3周内症状消失;经CTA检查显示其动脉瘤腔不显影,且支架腔内血流畅通,夹层愈合。63例自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者中,经CT检查提示病灶清楚,且图像均可显示患者夹层真假双腔和假腔内血栓及内膜破裂口等。结论应用介入术治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层患者可取得较好效果,且具有较高安全性;然采用CT诊断可有利于显示患者病灶,更好的为临床诊断及治疗方案选择提供参考。     

经皮腔内介入治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层16例

目的探讨经皮腔内介入治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection,SISMAD)的效果和安全性。方法 2009年3月~2016年3月16例SISMAD(Yun血管影像学分型,Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱa型5例,Ⅱb型9例)经多穿刺入路,导丝通过病变段,然后行球囊扩张及支架植入。结果 16例接受介入治疗,其中2例保守治疗无效后采用介入治疗,手术技术成功率100%。16例共植入21枚自膨式裸支架,其中植入单层支架11例,双支架重叠术5例,术中造影显示肠系膜上动脉(superior mesenteric artery,SMA)真腔血流通畅。16例随访3~36个月(平均18.8月),均无腹痛症状发生,肠系膜上动脉CTA显示夹层动脉瘤不显影,支架内血流通畅。结论经皮腔内介入治疗SISMAD是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层胸主动脉腔内修复术术后内脏动脉血供改善情况分析

目的探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者覆膜支架腔内修复术后受累内脏动脉血供改善情况。方法回顾性分析绵阳市中心医院2013年1月至2014年3月35例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)的临床资料,其中男30例、女5例,年龄45~82(62.5±10.0)岁。35例共140支腹部主要内脏动脉(腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉、双肾动脉)中79支血流受影响,其中完全真腔供血但狭窄36支,真假腔供血18支,假腔供血18支,无供血7支。分析腹部主要内脏动脉供血情况的改变情况。结果全组手术均成功,无死亡病例;手术时间97.8(68~147)min,住ICU时间12~34 h,住院时间10~21 d。术后无脑梗塞、急性肾功能衰竭、夹层破裂、支架移位等并发症发生。受累血管血流情况均有不同程度改善。结论 TEVAR治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层能成功封堵夹层破口,改善腹部主要内脏动脉血供情况,杜绝或有效减少动脉血运减少和内脏缺血并发症发生。     

主动脉夹层TEVAR术后远端破口的临床分型及手术时机的选择

目的 探讨主动脉夹层TEVAR术后远端破口的治疗方法.方法 对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2006年1月-2012年4月168例行TEVAR的Stamford B型主动脉夹层患者的病例资料进行同顾性分析,根据远端破口位置的不同将其分为4型:Ⅰ型:破口位于支架尾部;Ⅱ型:破口位于胸腹主动脉,距离内脏动脉较近或累及内脏动脉;Ⅲ型:破口位于肾下腹主动脉,破口未累及内脏动脉;Ⅳ型:破口位于髂动脉.据此分型标准,对主动脉夹层TEVAR术后发生远端破口的82例患者制定相应的治疗策略并决定手术时机.结果 有82例患者支架远端仍有破口,临床分型为Ⅰ型:12例出现支架尾部破口,均行支架远端破口腔内隔绝术;Ⅱ型:47例破口位于腹主动脉并累计内脏动脉,经随访,其中4例在随访中发现假腔持续扩大或伴有症状,行“杂交”手术,即先行内脏动脉重建(髂动脉-双肾动脉,髂动脉-肠系膜上动脉,髂动脉-腹腔干人工血管搭桥术),二期行胸腹主动脉腔内隔绝术.43例患者随访发现假腔无扩大,目前继续随访.Ⅲ型:13例破口位于肾下腹主动脉,均行腔内隔绝术.Ⅳ型:10例破口位于髂动脉,均行腔内隔绝术.术后围手术期无死亡.82例患者获得随访,随访时间10 ～36个月,平均随访时间(25.6±8.4)个月,在随访过程中未发现并发症.结论 对于TEVAR术后远端破口,应根据个体情况,结合临床分型选择适宜的手术时机和手术方式,从而达到满意的治疗效果.     

腔内介入治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的短中期疗效

目的:探讨腔内介入治疗自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)的短中期临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2009年3月—2016年8月收治的16例SISMAD患者资料,根据Sakamoto分型,其中I型3例(18.75%),II型3例(18.75%),III型10例(62.5%)。结果:1例I型患者经保守治疗效果满意,2例I型患者、3例II型患者、5例III型患者行单支架植入术,5例III型患者行双支架植入术(其中1例III型患者真腔狭窄约95%,行球囊扩张后植入2枚支架)。所用支架均为自膨式裸支架。随访1~34个月,中位时间16个月,均未再发相关性腹痛等症状,腹部CTA显示夹层假腔不显影,支架无移位、变形,支架腔内无狭窄、闭塞。结论:腔内介入治疗SISMAD的短中期效果好,但其长期效果需进一步观察。     

复合手术在主动脉夹层二期手术中的应用

目的探讨复合手术在主动脉夹层二期手术治疗中的效果。方法分析2010年5月至2018年5月宜昌市第一人民医院收治的累及腹腔内脏动脉的主动脉夹层进行二期手术中接受复合手术的6例患者的临床资料。结果 6例患者手术均获得成功,术中造影显示所有患者腹主动脉破口完全隔绝,2例假腔延迟显影,破口位于髂动脉,其余假腔不显影。术后无截瘫、内漏、出血、血栓形成和感染等并发症。二期手术后随访0.5～3年,患者人工血管及支架内血流均通畅,5例患者假腔完全血栓化,1例患者因髂总动脉远端有破口假腔未完全血栓化,因假腔未见增大,未做处理,继续观察。结论复合手术能简化传统手术治疗方法,扩大覆膜支架腔内治疗的适应证范围,值得在临床中推广。     

Endovascular treatment of isolated spontaneous celiac artery dissection

This report presents the case of a patient with isolated spontaneous celiac artery dissection. The patient developed acute abdominal pain that was induced by eating. Computed tomography and selective angiography revealed an intimal flap that separated the true and false lumens located 3 cm from the origin of the celiac artery. We treated the patient with a stent that was deployed endovascularly into the celiac artery to seal the entry site. Postoperative angiography revealed that the graft was patent and the follow-up period was uneventful. The etiology, clinical features, diagnostic modalities and treatment options of isolated spontaneous celiac artery dissection are reported.     

自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊断及腔内支架治疗

目的:探讨自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SIDSMA)的诊断及治疗策略。方法:回顾分析2008—2010年期间15例接受血管腔内支架治疗的SIDSMA患者的临床资料。结果:15例均未合并夹层破裂出血或肠坏死。其中,12例行单层支架释放,3例行重叠支架释放,共释放支架18个(球扩式2个,自膨式16个)。术后及随访过程中,症状改善14例(93.3%),症状无变化1例(6.7%),无死亡,无肠坏死、腹腔出血、心肌梗死、脑血管意外、肾功能衰竭、消化道出血、肺炎等严重并发症发生。平均住院4(2~7)d。平均随访时间11(6~23)个月。15例患者术后6个月均行CTA复查,支架通畅率为100%,支架远端新发夹层1例(6.7%)。结论:对于未合并夹层破裂出血、肠坏死的SIDSMA患者,腔内支架治疗是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗选择。     

急诊腔内修复术治疗合并灌注不良综合征的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的：探讨急诊行腔内修复术治疗合并灌注不良综合征的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层的疗效及安全性。 方法：2006年1月—2013年12月,共收治23例合并灌注不良综合征的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,患者治疗前均经全主动脉CT血管造影确诊。其中男16例,女7例,年龄42~68岁;合并肾动脉灌注不良8例（单侧6例）,肠系膜上动脉灌注不良9例,单侧下肢动脉灌注不良5例,脊髓灌注不良1例;17例患者急诊行腔内修复术及相关辅助治疗,6例患者拒绝手术,予保守治疗。 结果：6例保守治疗患者均在2周内死亡。17例接受急诊手术患者均予覆膜支架封堵主动脉第一破口,其中13例封堵第一破口后,分支动脉灌注不良改善;1例第一破口位于降主动脉中段,先植入裸支架,扩张主动脉真腔后,再植入覆膜支架封堵第一破口;3例封堵第一破口后,尚需再植入单侧肾动脉或肠系膜上动脉裸支架。术后30 d无死亡病例。17例均随访3~36个月,1例术后半年死于心肌梗死,余均存活且未出现支架相关并发症。 结论：对于合并器官灌注不良的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,急诊行腔内修复术,恢复脏器供血,是挽救生命的重要方法。     

Emergency stent placement after descending aortic replacement with chronic aortic dissection

A 49-year-old man with asymptomatic chronic aneurysmal dissection was admitted to our hospital. He had undergone ascending aortic replacement for type A aortic dissection 7 months before. We performed descending aortic replacement for chronic aneurysmal dissection. Renal dysfunction appeared 1 day after the operation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography indicated that the true lumen was severely compressed by a false lumen, and that the origins of the renal artery were occluded. We performed emergency endovascular stent placement to dilate the true lumen. Immediately after this procedure, renal ischemia improved. The postoperative course was uneventful. An endovascular approach using bare stent can be a treatment option that is less invasive and prompter for a patient with renal ischemia resulting from aortic dissection.     

Case Report of Extensive Isolated Spontaneous Celiac Trunk Dissection After Liver Transplantation

Arterial dissection is a rare complication after liver transplantation (LT). We report a case of extensive isolated spontaneous celiac trunk dissection (ISCTD) up to the proper hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery after living donor liver transplantation. A 48-year-old woman with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis underwent living donor liver transplantation. Intraoperative and postoperative Doppler ultrasound revealed sufficient flow in the hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein. On postoperative day (POD) 10, Doppler ultrasound showed reduction of hepatic arterial flow. On POD 16, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed that the ISCTD extended to the proper hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery with an entry tear on the proximal side of the celiac trunk. Although the computed tomography scan showed ischemia of a small part of the liver, blood flow to the liver was kept to some extent. Because all false lumens were occluded by thrombi and the liver enzyme levels normalized, we chose conservative therapy with antiplatelet agents. The patient was discharged on POD 53. She remains well without any liver dysfunction after 18 months with reduction in all false lumens and a patent hepatic artery. Several cases of ISCTD have been reported apart from LT, most of which were treated with conservative therapy. We conclude that conservative therapy could be the first choice in ISCTD even after LT.     

Endovascular treatment of the descending thoracic aorta.

OBJECTIVES: to report our initial experience with endovascular stent graft repair of a variety of thoracic aortic pathology. DESIGN: retrospective single center study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: between February 2000 and January 2002, endovascular stent graft repair was performed in 26 patients: traumatic aortic isthmus rupture (n=3), Type B dissection (n=11) and descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (n=12). The deployed stent graft systems were AneuRx-Medtronic (n=1), Talent-Medtronic (n=13) and Excluder-Gore (n=12). RESULTS: successful deployment of the stent grafts in the intended position was achieved in all patients. No hospital mortality neither paraplegia were observed. Late, non procedure related, death occurred in four patients (15%). Access artery complications with rupture of the iliac artery occurred in two patients and were managed by iliac-femoral bypass. The left subclavian artery was overstented in seven patients (27%). Only the first patient received a carotido-subclavian bypass. The mean maximal aortic diameter decreased significantly in patients treated for descending thoracic aneurysm. Only one patient had an endoleak type II after 6 months without enlargement of the aneurysm. Complete thrombosis of the thoracic false lumen occurred in all but one patient treated for Type B dissection 6 months postoperatively. Two patients underwent a consecutive stent graft placement, due to a large re-entry tear distal to the first stent graft. CONCLUSIONS: endovascular stent graft repair for Type B dissection, descending thoracic aneurysm and aortic isthmus rupture is a promising less-invasive alternative to surgical repair. Further studies are mandatory to determine its long-term efficacy.     

腔内修复术在复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤中的应用

目的:探讨对于复杂型肾下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)行腔内修复(EVAR)治疗的操作要点和治疗效果。方法:回顾行EVAR治疗的15例复杂型肾下AAA患者的临床资料,分析术中操作要点和临床结局。结果:手术技术成功率为100%,无中转开腹病例,1例(6.67%)术后5 d死于急性心衰。瘤颈成角过大2例患者均使用肱-股双导丝技术完成手术;髂动脉狭窄患者7例,4例利用肱-股双导丝技术及球囊扩张后置入支架,其余经球囊扩张完成操作;1例左髂动脉闭塞的患者采用对侧髂动脉进入导丝通过闭塞段完成手术;8例重度扭曲患者通过超硬导丝将扭曲段纠正后释放支架。术中无瘤体破裂、血管穿孔及医源性血管夹层等严重并发症出现。随访期间,1例患者术后2年出现腰椎结核,死于多脏器功能衰竭;内漏3例,二次手术干预1例。结论:随着经验的积累,技术的进步及支架的不断完善,EVAR治疗复杂型肾下AAA是可行、有效的。     

腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的评价介入技术治疗腹腔动脉（CA）和肠系膜上动脉（SMA）狭窄的安全性和临床疗效。方法对8例CA／SMA局限性狭窄患者进行了经皮穿刺经腔球囊血管成型术（PTA）和支架置入术,单纯CA狭窄2例、单纯SMA狭窄4例、CA和SMA均有狭窄2例。4例患者有典型进餐后腹痛,5例有上腹部血管杂音,8例于发病后均有不同程度的体重下降（平均8kg）。7例患者病因为动脉硬化,1例为膈肌中脚压迫综合征（MALS）所致。结果PTA和支架置人均成功,其中治疗CA狭窄3例、SMA狭窄5例,7例用1个支架,1例用2个支架。治疗结束时复查造影显示置人支架的血管血流通畅,管径接近正常。术后于穿刺侧腹股沟区出现小血肿2例,无须外科处理、自行吸收。术后腹痛完全消失5例、有所减轻2例、无改善1例;术后3个月时,体重恢复至发病前水平者6例。8例患者随访6-72个月（平均42个月,中位值28个月）,复查Doppler超声波无明确再狭窄证据。5例无症状、1例仍然有间歇性腹痛,2例分别于术后14个月、24个月死于其他原因。结论PTA和支架置入术是治疗CA、SMA局限性狭窄的安全有效方法,尤适宜于存在外科治疗高风险的患者。     

自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊治：附3例报告

目的：探讨自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（SISMAD）的诊治策略。 方法：回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院血管外科2012年10月—2013年5月期间收治的3例SISMAD患者的临床资料,总结SISMAD患者的临床表现和影像学特征、治疗策略的选择以及预后情况。 结果：3例SISMAD患者中男2例,女1例;临床症状均表现为腹痛,伴恶心呕吐;治疗前CTA均示肠系膜上动脉内由内膜片分割形成的真假腔,其中Sakamoto II型2例、III型1例;均未合并夹层破裂出血或肠坏死。3例均在低分子肝素钙抗凝治疗的基础上再行腔内支架治疗,术后无严重并发症发生,腹痛症状缓解。随访2~8个月,3例均存活,症状消失,支架通畅。 结论：对有症状的疑似SISMAD的患者,应行CTA检查明确诊断;未合并夹层破裂出血、肠坏死SISMAD的患者,抗凝治疗的基础上腔内支架治疗是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Treatment of spontaneous arterial dissections with stent placement for preservation of the parent artery

Summary Background. A wide variety of treatment regimens have been advocated for dissections involving the intracranial arteries. Recently, the stent can be used to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation and preserve the parent artery. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of stent angioplasty for intracranial arterial dissections.Methods. Ten patients with spontaneous dissections, nine vertebral artery and one internal carotid artery lesions underwent endovascular treatment using stent placement as primary treatment modality. One stent placement was attempted in five patients initially. Three patients were intentionally treated with two overlapping stents which completely covered the aneurysm orifice. Two tandem stents were used in one patient to allow spanning the entire length of the dissection. Stent-assisted coil embolization was performed in one patient.Results. Of the 10 patients in whom stenting was tried, the overall success in reaching the target lesion with stents was 90%. Of the 9 patients treated with stents, stent release and positioning were considered optimal in 7 patients (77.8%) and suboptimal in two. Lesions of 8 patients were improved or stable in angiographic follow-up. However, one pseudo-aneurysm was enlarged, and subsequently, was treated by proximal occlusion using coils. There were no instances of postprocedural ischaemic attacks, new neurological deficits, and no new minor or major strokes prior to patient discharge. All parent arteries of the patient who underwent the successful procedure were preserved. On the modified Rankin scale used for the follow up, all patients were assessed as functionally improved or of stable clinical status.Conclusions. The success in reducing dissection-induced stenosis or pseudo-aneurysm, the patency rate obtained at follow-up, and the lack of strokes (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) suggest that stent placement offers a viable alternative to complex surgical procedures or deconstructive procedures. The long-term efficacy and durability of stent placement for arterial dissection remains to be determined in a large series.