Neuroform EZ支架辅助颅内动脉瘤栓塞后动脉内膜增生的动态演化规律

【摘要】　目的　对接受Neuroform EZ支架辅助栓塞治疗的颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者载瘤动脉直径进行准确测量,以明确载瘤动脉对支架植入的反应。方法　纳入87例患者100枚颅内未破裂动脉瘤,均行Neuroform EZ支架辅助栓塞治疗及高分辨率3D旋转血管造影。采用亚毫米级3D形态测量分析系统Amira成像软件对植入支架前后载瘤动脉直径和横截面积（CSA）进行测量和分析。结果　支架植入即刻与植入前相比,载瘤动脉D点直径（增大0.18 mm或16.0%）、E点直径（增大0.09 mm或3.2%）显著增大（均P＜0.01）。初期血管造影随访中,与支架植入即刻相比,载瘤动脉平均直径在A点（缩小0.21 mm或5.7%）、B点（缩小0.50 mm或14.1%）、D点（缩小0.44 mm或14.0%）、E点（缩小0.29 mm或10.7%）显著缩小（均P＜0.01）。末次血管造影随访中,支架内狭窄自行消失,血管直径恢复到支架植入即刻水平。载瘤动脉CSA百分比变化显示,支架植入4个月时开始下降,6个月时逐渐增大,直至恢复至植入即刻初始水平。结论　Neuroform EZ支架辅助栓塞颅内动脉瘤时支架植入段动脉会发生动态、可逆的内膜增生和再狭窄反应。该发现可用于支架直径选择和抗凝药物应用,以降低支架植入不良反应,提高疗效。     

Neuroform EZ支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤中远期安全性和有效性分析

【摘要】 目的 评价Neuroform EZ支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤的中远期安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2015年4月至2018年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院接受Neuroform EZ支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的连续104例颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤患者临床和影像学资料。重点分析动脉瘤特征、术后即刻和进展性闭塞率、围手术期并发症及临床随访结果。 结果 共104例患者116枚眼动脉段动脉瘤接受治疗,其中16例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血。根据眼动脉段动脉瘤Krisht分型,上侧型36枚,后侧型32枚,内侧型41枚,外侧型7枚。支架辅助弹簧圈填塞治疗均获成功。手术并发症发生率为2.9%,均为小血栓栓塞事件。术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤完全闭塞60枚（51.7%）,近全闭塞54枚（46.6%）,部分闭塞2枚（1.7%）。89例患者93枚动脉瘤接受平均（7.6±5.4）个月造影随访,首次随访造影显示完全闭塞率进展至92.5%（86枚）,未见迟发性支架内狭窄。动脉瘤复发3枚（3.2%）,均再次接受弹簧圈栓塞后达到完全闭塞。96例（92.3%）患者临床随访平均（18.5±11.2）个月,其中95例（99.0%）改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分为0～2分,远期预后良好。 结论 Neuroform EZ支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤安全有效,中远期随访中可提供更稳定闭塞率,且未见支架内再狭窄。     

Neuroform EZ支架治疗颅内动脉瘤安全有效性单中心观察

目的探讨Neuroform EZ支架治疗颅内动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年7月解放军总医院第一医学中心采用Neuroform EZ支架辅助栓塞治疗的39例(41枚)颅内动脉瘤患者临床资料。根据术后即刻和复查DSA造影,评价Neuroform EZ支架在辅助动脉瘤栓塞中的安全有效性。结果 41枚动脉瘤中破裂13枚(31.7%),未破裂28枚(68.3%)。共应用Neuroform EZ支架47枚,均准确释放(100%)。其中单枚支架辅助栓塞35枚,双支架辅助栓塞6枚(双支架套叠4枚,Y形支架2枚)。栓塞后即刻mRaymond分级1级19枚(46.3%),2级7枚(17.0%),3a级11个枚(26.8%),3b级4枚(9.6%),其中破裂、未破裂动脉瘤分别为1级10枚(76.9%)、9枚(32.1%)。术中发生血栓事件1枚(2.4%)。术后6个月复查造影显示,mRaymond分级改善13枚,变差2枚,发现载瘤动脉再狭窄1枚(2.4%)。结论 Neuroform ZE支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤安全有效,仍需多中心研究和远期随访验证。     

支架与药物治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄远期疗效对比

目的 对比分析支架植入与药物治疗症状性中重度颅内动脉狭窄的远期随访疗效.方法 采用回顾性研究、Kaplan-Meier法生存分析、Cox回归模型等统计方法,对199例症状性中重度颅内动脉狭窄患者经支架植入与单纯药物治疗的临床资料进行对比分析,比较两种治疗方式的安全有效性及近、远期获益差异.结果 Apollo、Wingspan、Solitaire支架植入成功率分别为100％、97.4％、98.5％,即刻残余狭窄分别由术前(70.20±12.02)％、(78.61±12.15)％、(78.44±11.82)％下降至术后(18.00±6.33)％、(23.65±10.71)％、(17.21±8.02)％.支架植入组9例(8.5％)发生围手术期并发症,其中术中栓子脱落、穿支闭塞4例,急性血栓形成1例,血管迷走神经反射2例,再灌注脑出血1例,术后第5天动脉-动脉栓塞事件1例.支架植入组与药物治疗组患者间主要终点事件发生率和累积发生率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.824,P=0.867).结论 Solitaire支架和Wingspan支架植入治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄均具有良好的安全有效性,远期获益与药物治疗相比无显著差异.     

癌性食管狭窄内支架植入治疗研究现况

对于食管癌引起的严重狭窄或闭塞的处理 ,传统的手段主要为食管扩张、胃造瘘、鼻饲插管、静脉营养等疗法 ,但效果均欠佳。 1983年Ｆｒｉｍｂｅｒｇｅｒ报道采用金属内支架治疗食管癌狭窄获得成功 ,为癌性食管狭窄或瘘的治疗开辟了新的途径 ,本文就近几年国内癌性食管狭窄内支架植入治疗研究现况进行概述。1　内支架的选择及植入方法1 1　内支架的基础研究　目前治疗癌性食管狭窄的内支架主要有两类 :镍钛记忆合金支架和带膜不锈钢支架 ,对于这两类金属支架的基础研究证实 ,在动物体内埋植后 ,对局部组织无损害 ,炎症反应轻 ,组织修复时间短 …     

Neuroform3支架在急诊血管内栓塞破裂性颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的应用

目的 评价急诊血管内Neuroform3支架辅助下可解脱弹簧圈栓塞破裂的颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效和中期随访.方法 回顾性分析最近18个月急诊介入栓塞治疗的破裂出血性颅内动脉瘤48例,其中26例在72 h内实施Neuroform3支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞术.其中3例动脉瘤位于大脑前动脉A1段,3例位于大脑中动脉M1和M2段,13例位于后交通,2例位于颈内动脉眼动脉段,2例位于基底动脉顶端,2例位于椎动脉V2和V4段,1例位于小脑后下动脉;3例在第1枚弹簧圈释放后植入支架,1例在第2枚弹簧圈释放后植入支架,2例在第4枚弹簧圈释放后植入支架,10例在第1枚弹簧圈无法在瘤腔内成篮后植入支架,其余10例先植入支架再进行弹簧圈栓塞,所有微导管均通过支架网眼进入动脉瘤.结果 所有病例均成功释放支架(100%),覆盖了瘤颈,同期行弹簧圈填塞动脉瘤.术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞23例(88.5%),次全栓塞3例(11.5%);术中1例支架轻度回撤,无血栓事件和动脉瘤再破裂出血发生,所有患者均恢复良好出院.栓塞术后随访到23例,至少复查1次脑血管造影,最多复查3次;完全致密栓塞14例(60.8%)动脉瘤均末显影,6例瘤颈少许显影病例中3例(11.5%)存在血栓形成,次全栓塞1例(3.3%)瘤体再通,另外2例始终稳定,所有病例载瘤动脉通畅,狭窄2例(7.7%),临床上无任何症状,术后所有患者均无再出血.结论 急症血管内应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞破裂出血的颅内宽颈动脉瘤足方便的、安全的和有效的.     

Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效

目的评价Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效。方法2007年至2011年应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞118例脑动脉瘤,其中86例为破裂出血性动脉瘤,32例为未破裂动脉瘤,76例在出血72 h内实施了治疗。术后对患者进行脑血管造影和临床随访。结果支架准确释放115例(97.5%),因为血管扭曲和痉挛失败植入支架1例,支架移位2例。实施单纯支架植入2例,采用微导管经支架网眼技术66例,支架后释放技术49例。术后即刻造影示动脉瘤完全栓塞87例(74.4%),次全栓塞30例(25.6%)。术中无动脉瘤破裂出血事件发生,术后症状性脑梗死3例,无症状性脑梗死5例。术后随访6～60个月,平均26.8个月,共随访到105例,复查1～5次脑血管造影,完全栓塞99例(84.6%),次全栓塞病例中11例(36.7%)存在血栓形成;9例(7.7%)瘤体复发,其中5例进行了再次治疗达到完全栓塞,术后所有患者均无再出血,除3例外,所有患者支架内无明显狭窄。结论 Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效,仍需更长期的随访和多中心研究。     

腔内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄

目的　研究腔内支架成形术治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的安全性及有效性。方法　对 11例症状性椎动脉狭窄的患者行腔内支架成形术治疗。 11例患者成功地植入 12枚球囊扩张支架 ,无一例发生严重并发症。结果　术后见狭窄程度明显改善 ,<2 0 %。在 6个月的临床随访中 ,11例患者均无脑缺血发作及再狭窄发生。TCD示血流通畅 ,未见内膜过度增生。结论　腔内支架成形术是治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法 ,其长期的效果还需进一步随访研究     

药物洗脱支架治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄

目的 探讨药物洗脱支架治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄的手术安全性和短中期疗效.方法 从2006年7月至2009年6月间采用药物洗脱支架对26例因椎动脉狭窄引发卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)的患者行血管成形术,并记录患者影像学结果,围手术期并发症和临床随访.结果 26例患者手术均获成功,术后狭窄明显改善,平均随访时间(22±2)个月,其中仅2例有轻度的支架再狭窄.结论 药物洗脱支架治疗症状性椎动脉狭窄安全、有效.     

内支架治疗贲门癌性狭窄或闭锁的初步研究

目的：探讨内支架治疗贲门癌性狭窄或闭锁的可能性。方法：利用介入放射学方法，以被膜自膨胀式金属内支架植入术，治疗进展期食管下段癌、贲门癌和胃底癌或术后胃—食管吻合口复发癌所引起的严重贲门狭窄或闭锁８例。结果：８例病人８个内支架植入成功，进食困难得到迅速改善。结论：内支架植入治疗贲门癌性狭窄安全而有效，是一项值得推广的新技术。若配合化疗或放疗，将明显改善病人预后。     

药物涂层球囊治疗椎基底动脉支架内再狭窄的应用研究

目的:探讨药物涂层球囊（DCB）治疗椎基底动脉支架内再狭窄（ISR）的安全性、可行性和有效性。方法:回顾性纳入2018年1月至2020年12月在郑州大学人民医院接受DCB治疗的椎基底动脉支架内再狭窄（ISR）患者21例。ISR共22处,椎动脉起始段8处、椎动脉V4段12处、基底动脉2处。采用改良Rankin量表（mRS...     

球囊扩张支架治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄的围手术期风险和短期预后

目的探讨采用球囊扩张支架治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄的围手术期风险及短期预后。方法 2010年1月-2011年9月收治27例后循环缺血患者,29处症状性椎动脉起始部狭窄率≥70%,因常规药物治疗无效,采用球囊扩张支架进行治疗。术后1、3、6、9、12个月进行随访,监测血脂、血糖、血压。术后6个月复查动脉超声,12个月时复查DSA。结果 27例患者的29处重度狭窄均成功置入球囊扩张支架,技术成功率100%。术前狭窄率80%～99%,平均92.55%±5.26%,中位狭窄率95%;术后狭窄率0%～15%,平均3.27%±4.60%,中位狭窄率0%,手术并发症0。术后随访12个月时,无后循环缺血事件发生。12个月时随访DSA,支架内内膜增生1例,再狭窄0例。结论应用球囊扩张支架治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄围手术期并发症发生率低,短期预后良好。     

金属裸支架与药物洗脱支架在治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞中的应用

目的评价金属裸支架(bare metal stent,BMS)与药物洗脱支架(drug eluting stent,DES)治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效并作初步比较。方法对2005年3月至2008年1月收治的25例症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞患者行血管内球囊支架成形治疗。结果25例患者成功植入28枚球囊支架,其中BMS15枚,DES13枚。植入椎动脉支架25枚,基底动脉支架3枚(其中2枚为基底动脉急性闭塞经溶栓后植入)。血管平均狭窄程度从治疗前的平均81.4%(50%～95%)降低到6.3%(0%～15%)。22例经2～36个月临床随访,平均随访23个月,3例失访。1例患者植入1枚BMS后9个月症状复发,DSA复查发现支架再狭窄达50%,患者拒绝继续治疗;1例患者植入1枚DES后35d出现急性血栓闭塞,经急诊再植入1枚DES后血管开通良好。余20例超声复查支架通畅,未见明确狭窄,未见卒中及脑缺血发作。随访22例中19例(86.4%)症状明显缓解或消失,3例(13.6%)部分缓解。结论BMS与DES治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄安全、有效,中短期效果令人满意。DES降低手术后支架内再狭窄发生率具有一定的预防作用,优于BMS金属裸支架。     

Stent fracture in revascularization for symptomatic ostial vertebral artery stenosis

Introduction We assessed the long-term follow-up examinations and complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for symptomatic ostial vertebral artery (VA) stenosis. Methods A retrospective study was done to evaluate 12 patients with symptomatic ostial VA stenosis who underwent PTAS. Six patients were treated with the Palmaz stent and six with a balloon-expandable coronary stent. Initial angiographic follow-up examination was conducted about 12 months after PTAS in all patients. Simple radiographic, ultrasonographic and clinical follow-up examinations were scheduled every 6 months. Results Excellent dilatation was achieved in all patients without any procedural complications. Initial angiographic follow-up obtained at a mean of 13 months after PTAS detected no restenosis. However, an asymptomatic severe restenosis was detected at 24 months after PTAS in one patient (8%). During a mean follow-up of 31.5 months, three stent fractures were detected in deployed coronary stents (50%). None of the stent fractures was associated with either recurrent stroke or restenosis. No patients developed recurrent symptoms during the follow-up period. Conclusion PTAS for symptomatic ostial VA stenosis is effective in preventing recurrent stroke. As the open-cell single-joint type of stent is associated with the risk of fracture, long-term follow-up examinations including simple radiography are needed.     

39例Surpass Streamline治疗未破裂动脉瘤患者诊疗分析：单中心临床经验

目的探讨单中心血流导向装置Surpass Streamline治疗未破裂动脉瘤的有效性和安全性。 方法回顾性分析2020年12月至2022年8月珠海市人民医院脑血管病诊疗中心采用Surpass Streamline治疗39例未破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。39例患者共45个动脉瘤，其中位于眼段23个、交通段6个、海绵窦段5个、床突段4个、V4段4个、岩段2个、颈段1个。 结果39例患者植入39枚Surpass Streamline，支架释放成功率100%，38例（97.4%）释放效果满意，1例因贴壁不良需桥接支架，38个动脉瘤于术后（3.8 ± 1.4）个月内进行首次随访，OKM分级D级30个（78.9%）、C级7个（18.4%）、B级1个（2.7%），可见6例（18.8%）支架再狭窄（4例轻度，2例中度），但均无明显血流受限。15例患者共16个动脉瘤于术后（12.1 ± 2.3）个月随访，OKM分级D级15个（93.8%），其中2例首次随访再狭窄（1例轻度，1例中度）患者于术后1年复查时，原狭窄基本完全恢复，管腔显示良好。 结论Surpass Streamline治疗未破裂动脉瘤的安全性及有效性良好，支架再狭窄一般不影响血流及动脉瘤的愈合，且有一定的自限性，短期及中期随访较满意，仍有待进一步大样本、多中心、长期的随访研究验证。     

The erasme study: A multicenter study on the safety and technical results of the palmaz stent used for the treatment of atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis

Purpose: To assess, in a multicenter setting, safety, technical results, and restenosis rate of the Palmaz stent for treatment of atherosclerotic ostial renal artery stenosis. Methods: Ten centers enrolled 106 patients (120 treated renal artery stenoses) in the study. Patient selection was based on unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (residual stenosis ≥ 20%) performed for treatment of ostial stenosis ≥ 50%, in patients with hypertension and/or impaired renal function. Safety was assessed by means of the complication rate, and technical results by the number of successful stent placements and occurrence of restenosis (>50%) at intraarterial angiographic follow-up. Results: Stent placement was successful (n = 112) or partially successful (n = 5) in 117 (98%) arteries. Complications occurred in 19 procedures; seven were of serious clinical significance. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 89 of 117 (76%) cases, at a mean of 8 months (range 2.5–18 months). Fifteen stents (16.9%) showed restenosis (at a mean of 8.5 months), of which 10 were successfully redilated. Conclusion: Renal artery stenting has a high technical success rate, a complication rate comparable to percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, and a low rate of restenosis at 8 months angiographic follow-up.     

Clinical results of carotid artery stenting with a nitinol self-expanding stent (SMART stent)

Our objective was to assess the technical feasibility and the clinical results of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenting using a nitinol self-expanding stent (SMART stent). In 13 patients 13 high-grade stenoses of the internal carotid artery were treated via an implantation of a SMART stent. In all cases a predilation of the stenosis and a postdilation within the stent were performed. Follow-up examinations were carried out in all patients after a period of 6 months. In each case the implantation of the stent was performed without technical complications. In 12 of 13 cases the stent was placed in the patients' internal carotid artery, in 1 case from the internal to the common carotid artery (CCA). The average degree of stenosis of 78% (70-95%) was reduced to an average of 2.8% (0-21%). The 6-month follow-up angiography showed an average degree of restenosis of 11.8% (0-29%) in 8 of 13 patients. Duplex sonography in the remaining 5 patients demonstrated patent stents. One patient showed brief neurological symptoms during the intervention. No further complications occurred during follow-up time. Treatment of internal carotid artery stenosis with the SMART stent seems technically feasible, safe, and promises long-term patency.     

Outcomes of carotid angioplasty and stenting for radiation-associated stenosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In light of their high surgical risk, carotid angioplasty and stent placement may be preferred in patients with radiation-associated carotid stenosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the procedural complication rate, patency, and clinical outcomes after carotid angioplasty and stent placement in this small group of high-risk patients. METHODS: Sixteen patients (mean age, 65 years; 5 women and 11 men) who received radiation therapy for head and/or neck malignancy subsequently developed carotid stenosis (mean, 84%; range, 70%-99%) in a total of 19 carotid arteries, which were treated with angioplasty and stent placement. The patients were followed for a mean time of 28 months (range, 5-78 months) with periodic Doppler studies, angiography, CT angiography, or clinically. RESULTS: In the total 19 stented carotid arteries, 23 procedures were performed (22 stent placement procedures and one repeat angioplasty). The procedural stroke rate was 1/23 (4%). The procedural transient ischemic attack rate was 0/23 (0%). There was one other observed complication: a puncture site hematoma. The 30-day postprocedure complication rate was 0/23 (0%); no neurologic symptoms were reported. Fifteen of the 19 vessels (79%) developed no new stenosis throughout the follow-up period. Two of 19 (11%) vessels had repeat angioplasty and stent placement; 1/19 (5%) had a repeat angioplasty. One restented vessel has remained patent for 50 months. Another restented vessel required a third stent placement 17 months after the second. Two of 19 (11%) vessels occluded per Doppler examination 14 and 22 months postprocedure. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty and stent placement have low rates of complications and restenosis in the treatment of radiation-associated carotid occlusive disease.