门脉高压性结肠病

门脉高压性结肠病霍丽娟，徐大毅门脉高压症（Ｐｏｒｔａｉｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ，ＰＨＴ）系１９９２年Ｇｉｌｂｅｔ采用。ＰＨＴ系由肝脏病变或肝内、外血管病变，使门静脉（ＰＶ）受阻或ＰＶ血流量增加。而致ＰＶ压力超过２５ｃｍ水柱。门脉高压性肠病（ｐｏｒｔａ...     

Caroli病Ⅱ型伴门脉高压2例

Caroli病是一种临床少见的先天性疾病,临床表现多样,易漏诊、误诊。本文通过2例Caroli病Ⅱ型伴门脉高压病例分析并复习相关文献,以提高临床医师对本病的认识,及时作出正确的诊断治疗。     

门脉高压性胃病研究进展

门脉高压性胃病（portal hypertensive gastropathy,PHG）是各种原因引起门静脉高压导致的胃黏膜非炎性病变,常见于肝硬化门脉高压症,可并发消化道出血,是肝脏疾病中除食管胃底静脉曲张引起消化道出血的第二大原因,严重者可危及生命。近年来,国内外对有关PHG的发病机制、诊断和治疗进行了相关研究,本文对研究进展进行了综述。     

门脉高压性胃病临床研究进展

肝硬化患者常常发生门脉高压症,继发胃肠道血流动力学和黏膜改变,导致门脉高压性胃病（PHG）。近年来,PHG引起的上消化道出血逐渐受到重视,在肝硬化上消化道出血病因中仅次于食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血,对其研究也越来越多。     

门脉高压性胃病40例临床分析

肝硬化门脉高压患引起胃粘膜损伤，发生消化道出血等症状，这种因门脉高压产生的胃粘膜病变称门脉高压性胃病(portal hypertensire gastropathy，PHG)。随着急诊胃镜检查的广泛开展，发现肝硬化门脉高压合并上消化道出血病例中有相当部分是由PHG所致。我院自1990年1月～1997年底共收治40例经胃镜、B超检查确诊为PHG出血患，结合献报告如下。     

门脉高压性结肠病68例

近年来,肝硬化门脉高压性结肠病(Ｐｏｒｔａｌｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｃｏｌｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＨＣ)的研究日益受到人们的重视。1995年1月～1999年8月间我科共收治肝硬化门脉高压患者108例,并发ＰＨＣ者68例,报告于下。1　对象和方法全部病例符合1984年南宁会议制订的肝硬化门脉高压的诊断标准。ＰＨＣ诊断主要依据结肠内镜特征。68例中,男48例,女20例,年龄22～73岁,平均44.3±6.2岁。其中肝炎后肝硬化40例,血吸虫性肝硬化12例,酒精性肝硬化8例,胆汁性肝硬化4例,隐源性肝硬化4例。门脉高压病程1～10年,平均3.5±1.2年。除肝硬化的一般临床表…     

门脉高压性结肠病36例

2002年1月～2004年1月我科共收治肝硬化门脉高压症患者68例，发现门脉高压性结肠病（PHC）36例。现报告如下。     

门脉高压性结肠病38例分析

本文收集我院1985—1994年间,收治的肝硬化门脉高压62例,其中并发门脉性结肠病38例,报告如下。 1 对象和方法 本组病例全部符合1984年南宁会议制订的肝硬化门脉高压之诊断标准。门脉性结肠病主要依据结肠内镜特征。并发结肠病的38例中,男29例,女9例,男女之比为3.2:1,年龄23—72(平均46±5)岁。便血23例,大便潜血阳性26例,钡气造影疑结肠息肉13例。肝炎后肝硬化48例,并发结肠病29例;酒精性肝硬化9例,结肠病6例;原发性胆汁     

门脉高压性肠病及其相关因素的前瞻性研究

目前关于门脉高压性胃病的发病机理及相关因子研究较多而且系统,但有关门脉高压性肠病的研究则较少。我们通过前瞻性研究观察门脉高压症时结肠、直肠肛管病变并初步探讨其与食管静脉曲张的程度、肝功能分级、门脉高压性胃病、门脉内径的大小、直肠肛管静脉曲张和内痔的关系,以期探讨门脉高压性肠病的临床特征。　　一、资料和方法　　自 1990年 9月至 1997年 10月,在本院就诊的由不同原因行大肠镜检查的门脉高压症患者 46例列入本研究,其中 8例因下消化道出血、 38例因肠功能紊乱等原因而行肠镜检查。同期因肠功能紊乱而行肠镜检查且检…     

以下消化道大出血为主要表现的门脉高压性结肠病

门脉高压性肠病主要包括门脉高压性小肠病变(PHE)和门脉高压性结肠病变(PHC)。PHC所致下消化道大出血极为少见，现将我们遇到的1例继发于乙型肝炎肝硬化的PHC导致的下消化道大出血病例报告如下。     

Portal hypertensive enteropathy

Portal hypertensive enteropathy(PHE) is a condition that describes the pathologic changes and mucosal abnormalities observed in the small intestine of patients with portal hypertension. This entity is being increasingly recognized and better understood over the past decade due to increased accessibility of the small intestine made possible by the introduction of video capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy. Though challenged by its diverse endoscopic appearance, multiple scoring systems have been proposed to classify the endoscopic presentationand grade its severity. Endoscopic findings can be broadly categorized into vascular and non-vascular lesions with many subtypes of both categories. Clinical manifestations of PHE can range from asymptomatic incidental findings to fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Classic endoscopic findings in the setting of portal hypertension may lead to a prompt diagnosis. Occasionally histopathology and cross sectional imaging like computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Management of overt bleeding requires multidisciplinary approach involving hepatologists, endoscopists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists. Adequate resuscitation, reduction of portal pressure, and endoscopic therapeutic intervention remain the main principles of the initial treatment. This article reviews the existing evidence on PHE with emphasis on its classification, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, endoscopic appearance, pathological findings, and clinical management. A new schematic management of ectopic variceal bleed is also proposed.     

Portal hypertensive duodenal polyp： A case report

Abnormalities of gastric mucosa in patients with portal hypertension are well documented. Manifestations of portal hypertension in small bowel and colon are less common. Colonic polypoid lesions microscopically consisting of a normal mucosa, with dilatation of submucosal vessels, have been described. We here report the first case of portal hypertensive duodenal polyp, responsible for gastro-intestinal bleeding. Endoscopic treatment turned out to be successful.     

门静脉高压性胃肠病的诊治进展

门静脉高压性胃病和肠病通常指继发于门静脉高压的胃肠道黏膜病变,可导致消化道出血。其发病机制不明,可能与血流动力学改变及其分子机制有关,药物治疗、内镜治疗、手术治疗是主要的治疗手段。本文就门静脉高压性胃肠病的发病机制、内镜表现、治疗方案等方面进行文献回顾,以期为临床诊治提供参考。     

门静脉高压性胃病

门静脉高压症所致消化道疾病除食管和胃底静脉曲张外,还有非静脉曲张疾病,如消化性溃疡、门静脉高压性胃病(PHG)等.1985年McCormack等[1]总结了127例门静脉高压患者的内镜表现,发现胃黏膜有特征性胃炎样表现,其显微镜下的特征是胃黏膜组织内小血管扩张,而无明显炎症,作者将这种门静脉高压胃黏膜的淤血性改变称为"充血性胃病".     

Characteristic endoscopic features of portal hypertensive enteropathy

BACKGROUND: Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) and capsule endoscopy have opened up a new field of investigation regarding the small intestine. Although DBE has been widely used for diagnosis and treatment of different lesions in the small intestine, there is a paucity of information regarding endoscopic features of the small intestine in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: Endoscopic images of the small intestine were taken in 21 patients with LC by DBE (EN-450P5/20 or EN-450T5/W). Biopsy specimens were taken from various parts of the small intestine and examined microscopically. Different endoscopic features of the small intestine were compared in relation to the clinical parameters of these patients. RESULTS: Erythema and telangiectasia were observed in five patients (24%) and one patient (5%), respectively. In eight patients (38%), the small intestinal mucosa was edematous, and the intestinal villi of these patients were swollen and rounded, resembling herring roe. The patients with a herring roe appearance in the small intestine had advanced LC (Child's classification B and C), and all of them also had portal hypertensive gastropathy and portal hypertensive colopathy. In comparison with patients without a herring roe appearance in the small intestine, patients with a herring roe appearance had a significantly increased spleen volume (P<0.05) and decreased platelet counts (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary, this study indicated that DBE may be useful for detecting different types of endoscopic lesions in patients with LC. A herring roe appearance seems to be one of the characteristic features of portal hypertensive enteropathy. However, further study will be required to develop insights about its pathogenesis.     

The use of hemospray in portal hypertensive bleeding; a case series

Hemospray is a haemostatic agent licensed for endoscopic haemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) in Europe and Canada. Hemospray has been shown to be safe and effective in achieving haemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcers in a prospective clinical study and several further case series have described the use of hemospray in other non-variceal causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Portal hypertensive gastropathy and colopathy are common in patients with portal hypertension. As hemospray is an easy to apply, non-contact method, which can cover large areas of mucosa, it may be of benefit in acute non-variceal portal hypertensive bleeding. We present data from the first four consecutive patients presenting to our institution with acute haemorrhage secondary to non-variceal diffuse portal hypertensive bleeding treated with hemospray.     

Portal hypertensive colopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

AIM: In patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, portal hypertensive colopathy is thought to be an important cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of colonic mucosal changes in patients with liver cirrhosis and its clinical significance. METHODS: We evaluated the colonoscopic findings and liver function of 47 patients with liver cirrhosis over a 6-year period. The main cause of liver cirrhosis was post-viral hepatitis (68%) related to hepatitis B (6%) or C (62%) infection. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to examine the presence of esophageal varices, cardiac varices, and congestive gastropathy, as well as a full colonoscopy to observe changes in colonic mucosa. Portal hypertensive colopathy was defined endoscopically in patients with vascular ectasia, redness, and blue vein. Vascular ectasia was classified into two types: type 1, solitary vascular ectasia; and type 2, diffuse vascular ectasia. RESULTS: Overall portal hypertensive colopathy was present in 31 patients (66%), including solitary vascular ectasia in 17 patients (36%), diffuse vascular ectasia in 20 patients (42%), redness in 10 patients (21%) and blue vein in 6 patients (12%). As the Child-Pugh class increased in severity, the prevalence of portal hypertensive colopathy rose. Child-Pugh class B and C were significantly associated with portal hypertensive colopathy. Portal hypertensive gastropathy, esophageal varices, ascites and hepatocellular carcinoma were not related to occurrence of portal hypertensive colopathy. Platelet count was significantly associated with portal hypertensive colopathy, but prothrombin time, serum albumin level, total bilirubin level and serum ALT level were not related to occurrence of portal hypertensive colopathy. CONCLUSION: As the Child-Pugh class worsens and platelet count decreases, the prevalence of portal hypertensive colopathy increases in patients with liver cirrhosis. A colonoscopic examination in patients with liver cirrhosis is indicated, especially those with worsening Child-Pugh class and/or decreasing platelet count, to prevent complications such as lower gastrointestinal bleeding.     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血相关因素分析

目的 分析乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的相关因素。方法 2014年1月~2015年12月纳入128例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据因素的不同分类,进行单因素分析,对有统计学意义的因素赋值,再行Logistic多因素回归分析,以获得影响乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的独立危险因素。结果 在符合纳入条件的128例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,49例（38.3%）发生门脉高压性胃病出血,其中粘膜炎症性糜烂出血41例（32.0%）,溃疡性出血8例（6.3%）;胃部有基础疾病的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为60.0%,显著高于胃部没有基础疾病的患者（30.1%,P<0.05）,有幽门螺旋杆菌（HP）感染的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为54.8%,显著高于无HP感染的患者（33.0%,P<0.05）,存在腹水的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为46.3%,显著高于无腹水的患者（23.9%,P<0.05）,Child-Pugh C级、B级和A级患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例分别为58.3%、41.5%和15.4%（P<0.05）,重度、中度和轻度食管静脉曲张（EV）患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例分别为51.8%、41.9%和6.9%（P<0.05）,抗病毒治疗不规律的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为55.6%,显著高于抗病毒治疗规律的患者（31.5%,P<0.05）,门静脉内径>14 mm的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为48.3%,显著高于门静脉内径≤14 mm的患者（30.0%,P<0.05）,脾静脉内径>9 mm的患者发生门脉高压性胃病出血的比例为48.4%,显著高于脾静脉内径≤9 mm的（28.8%,P<0.05）;多因素分析显示胃部存在基础疾病、Child-Pugh 分级差、EV程度高和门静脉内径宽为发生门脉高压性胃病出血的独立危险因素。结论 应针对存在出血风险的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者给予风险控制,早期防治。