老年肺部感染患者发生中重度日常生活能力受损的危险因素分析

目的探讨老年肺部感染患者发生日常生活能力(ADL)中重度受损的危险因素。方法收集我院老年病区肺部感染患者186例,根据ADL受损情况,分为对照组(ADL正常或轻度受损)及ADL中重度受损组。比较两组患者的年龄、既往病史、血清学指标、痰培养结果及预后情况。应用logistic回归分析老年肺部感染患者发生ADL中重度受损的危险因素。结果ADL正常28例,轻度受损99例,中度受损37例,重度受损22例,ADL受损率84.9%(158/186)。与对照组相比,ADL中重度受损组患者年龄较高,患有冠心病、脑梗死后遗症的比例较高,合并贫血、血清Pro-BNP升高的比例较高,降钙素原升高的比例较高(P均<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄>83.2岁、伴有脑梗死后遗症是老年肺部感染患者发生ADL受损的危险因素(P均=0.001)。结论高龄、伴有脑梗死后遗症是老年肺部感染患者发生ADL受损的危险因素。     

急性冠脉综合征患者入院时心率对住院期间全因死亡的预测价值

目的研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者入院时心率和住院期间全因死亡之间的相关性。方法采集ACS患者628例临床基线资料、住院期间的治疗及住院期间的全因死亡。按入院时心率五分位值将患者分为5组,分别是HRQ1(60次/min)、HRQ2(60~75次/min)、HRQ3(76~85次/min)、HRQ4(86~100次/min)、HRQ5(100次/min)。分析各组患者基线资料、住院期间治疗及全因死亡率之间的差异。Logistic回归分析影响ACS患者住院期间全因死亡的变量,计算OR值及95%CI。结果入院心率较高者女性比例较高,年龄较大,既往有糖尿病、高血压、心力衰竭病史的比例较高。入院时平均血压较高,Killip分级Ⅰ级的比例高于其他组。心率较高组溶栓和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)使用率均较其他组低。入院时心率与住院期间全因死亡率呈"U"型曲线,过低或过高的心率全因死亡率均较高。Logistic回归分析显示,调整了影响心肌梗死预后的相关因素后,入院时心率仍然是影响心肌梗死住院期间全因死亡的独立因素。以HRQ2(60~75次/min)为参考,心率较高组(HRQ4和HRQ5)和心率较低组(HRQ1)住院期间死亡风险均增加,尤其是心率增加组死亡风险增加更明显。结论入院心率是ACS患者住院期间全因死亡的独立危险因素,对住院期间全因死亡具有重要的预测价值。入院时心率与住院期间全因死亡之间呈"U"型曲线,过高或过低的心率均增加住院期间的死亡风险。     

住院扩张型心肌病患者低钠血症的发生率及其对预后的判断价值

目的:调查住院扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者低钠血症的发生率及其对预后的判断价值。方法:连续入选2008-10至2013-10于阜外心血管病医院心衰监护病房住院的DCM患者。以患者首次入院时血清钠浓度135 mmol/L定义为低钠血症,调查住院DCM患者低钠血症的发生率,评价其与预后的关系,包括住院时间和院内死亡风险,以及出院后全因死亡率和心衰加重死亡率。存活出院患者由门诊或电话随访至2014-11或全因死亡。结果:共有515例DCM患者纳入本研究,其中134例患者入院时存在低钠血症,发生率为26.0%。入院血钠浓度与入院时心衰病史、纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级Ⅱ~Ⅳ级、收缩压水平、左心房前后径及总胆红素水平显著相关(P均0.05)。与非低钠血症患者相比,低钠血症患者平均住院时间长[(14.8±11.1)d vs(11.2±5.8)d,P0.01],院内死亡风险高(18.7%vs 1.8%,P0.01)。483例存活出院患者平均随访(30.7±19.5)月后全因死亡率为26.5%,心衰加重死亡率为21.9%。低钠血症患者全因死亡率(47.7%vs 20.3%,P0.01)及心衰加重死亡率(44.0%vs 15.5%,P0.01)均显著高于非低钠血症患者。多变量Cox回归分析结果显示,校正入院时心衰病史(6个月vs≤6个月)、NYHA心功能分级Ⅱ~Ⅳ级、收缩压水平(每升高10 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)、总胆红素水平(每变化1 mg/dl)及左心室舒张末期内径(每变化5 mm)后,入院低钠血症仍是存活出院DCM患者全因死亡[危险比(HR)=1.836,95%(可信区间)CI:1.248~2.702,P0.01]及心衰加重死亡(HR=2.139,95%CI:1.406~3.253,P0.01)的重要独立预测因素之一。结论:低钠血症是我国住院DCM患者常见的电解质紊乱类型之一,与患者住院时间长、院内死亡风险高,以及出院后全因死亡及心衰加重死亡显著相关。     

衰弱综合征与老年心力衰竭预后相关性的Meta分析

目的系统评价衰弱综合征对老年心力衰竭(心衰)病人预后的影响。方法检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane、中国期刊全文数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库,筛选文献、提取资料后,评价纳入文献的质量,并采用Stata软件进行Meta分析,评价衰弱综合征与老年心衰病人1年内再入院率、全因死亡的关系。结果总共纳入2944例病人,Meta分析纳入6项研究评价全因死亡风险,结果显示与非衰弱病人相比,衰弱增加老年心衰病人全因死亡风险(HR=1.712,95%CI:1.405～2.085)。纳入5项研究评价再入院风险,结果显示,与非衰弱病人相比,衰弱增加老年心衰病人1年内再入院风险(HR=1.751,95%CI:1.451～2.114)。结论衰弱综合征可作为评价老年心衰病人不良预后的指标。     

住院老年患者社会支持与住院情况的相关性分析

目的 探讨社会支持与住院老人入院一般情况和结局事件(好转、自动出院或死亡)的相关性。方法 纳入我院老年医学科2018年1月至2019年1月入院的1 457例患者,分析患者家庭人均收入、居住环境、家庭照护情况、与家属的亲密程度等社会支持情况对患者近1年内住院次数、入院时日常生活能力(Bathel ADL)以及结局事件(死亡或自动出院)的影响。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析,单因素相关性分析采用 Spearman 相关分析,多因素相关性分析采用 logistic 回归分析。结果 纳入患者的年龄、家庭人均收入、入院时Bathel ADL、慢病个数与患者近1年内住院次数相关(r=0.47、0.49、-0.45、0.69,P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示患者近1年内住院次数与年龄、家庭人均收入、入院时Bathel ADL有关(OR=2.73、2.15、3.51,P<0.05)。年龄影响患者入院时的Bathel ADL水平(r=-0.62,P<0.05)。结局事件(死亡或自动出院)与年龄、家庭人均收入、与家属亲密程度、Bathel ADL及慢病个数相关(r=0.70、-0.17、0.56、0.52、0.69,P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示患者结局事件与家庭人均收入、与家属亲密程度及入院时Bathel ADL有关(OR=4.22、1.65、4.81,P<0.05)。结论 年龄、家庭人均收入与入院时Bathel ADL影响患者住院次数及出院转归,提高社会经济水平及加强对老年人的关爱,可改善患者住院相关负性事件的发生。     

内源性促红细胞生成素对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的了解内源性促红细胞生成素(EPO)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后的判定价值。方法选择住院的CHF患者115例,以患者是否存活分为死亡组55例,存活组60例。另选同期住院的年龄、性别相匹配的非CHF患者67例为对照组,以便建立logEPO和血红蛋白(Hb)的回归方程。对CHF患者进行全因死亡和因心力衰竭再次入院的随访观察,测定血EPO,并进行分析。结果与存活组比较,死亡组高龄患者多、心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ级比例低、Hb降低和B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平升高(P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,贫血的CHF患者病死率增高(RR=2.50,95%CI:1.38～4.54,P=0.002)。ROC曲线评估EPO和BNP预测CHF患者死亡的最佳界值分别为44.4 U/L和752 ug/L(P=0.036,=0.000)。年龄、Hb、BNP和NYHA对CHF患者全因死亡有独立预测价值;而男性、BNP和Hb水平对因心力衰竭再次入院有独立预测价值。贫血的CHF患者EPO是独立于Hb的全因死亡的强预测指标(RR=2.86,95%CI:1.18～6.94,P=0.020)。结论贫血是CHF患者不良预后的独立预测因素。EPO是贫血CHF患者全因死亡的独立预测指标。     

B型利钠肽动态变化对老年心衰患者心脏事件的预测价值

目的 评价动态多点血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)水平对老年慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后的预测价值.方法 顺序前瞻性选择选取94例心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)老年CHF住院患者,测定入院时血浆BNP水平(BNPI)、出院时BNP水平(BNP2)及出院后2 w门诊随访时测定BNP水平(BNP3),超声检测左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)和左室射血分数(LVEF),并随访.主要观察终点为心源性死亡和心衰恶化再入院.统计学分析采用双变量相关分析、多元逐步回归及COX回归分析.结果 引入变量:年龄、LVEDD、LVEF、BNP1、BNP2、BNP3,双变量相关分析与多元逐步回归分析显示,仅BNP1与心源性死亡时间及心衰再入院时间独立相关,COX回归分析同样只有BNP1(偏回归系数=0.005;P=0.000)是心脏不良事件的独立相关影响因素.结论 对老年CHF患者BNP1可作为预测心衰预后的重要、可靠指标,是心脏不良事件的独立相关影响因素.     

血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后的关系

目的 探究血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平与老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后的关系.方法 回顾性收集105例老年CHF患者的临床、实验室和影像学资料.所有患者随访,随访终点为心力衰竭再入院和全因死亡组成的复合终点.根据GGT水平将患者分为GGT正常组(n=47)和GGT升高组(n=58).通过单因素和多因素Cox回...     

住院心力衰竭患者院内收缩压变化与预后的相关性

目的:探讨入院收缩压偏低(120mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa)的心力衰竭(心衰)患者院内收缩压变化与出院后预后的相关性。方法:回顾性入选2009-04-2015-01月于阜外医院心力衰竭中心住院且入院时收缩压低于120mmHg的心衰患者。采用出院收缩压减去入院收缩压的差值作为院内收缩压变化值(△SBP),随访1年及3年全因死亡事件,比较不同△SBP水平之间终点事件的发生率是否存在差异,并采用多因素Cox回归模型分析临床结局风险与△SBP水平的相关性。结果:共有592例患者纳入分析,以-10mmHg为界值将△SBP分为两组:△SBP-10mmHg组,118例(19.9%);△SBP≥-10mmHg组,474例(80.1%)。△SBP-10mmHg组1年全因死亡率高于△SBP≥-10mmHg组(29.7%∶16%,P0.01)。两组3年全因死亡率差异无统计学意义(41.5%∶34.4%,P0.05)。在校正年龄、NYHA心功能分级、出院心率、肾功能不全等因素后,△SBP-10mmHg组患者的1年全因死亡风险高于△SBP≥-10mmHg组患者全因死亡风险(HR=1.805,95%CI:1.200～2.714,P0.01)。结论:入院收缩压偏低的心衰患者,院内血压下降程度具有重要的临床意义。出院时收缩压水平较入院时下降超过10mmHg与出院后预后不良有相关性。     

老年心房颤动伴二尖瓣反流患者的临床特点和预后

目的:探讨老年心房颤动(房颤)伴功能性二尖瓣反流(MR)患者的临床特点和预后。方法:回顾性分析2012年8月—2019年12月于北京大学第一医院老年病内科住院并接受超声心动图检查的年龄≥65岁、房颤伴左房增大、二尖瓣运动及形态正常、MR患者的临床资料。根据MR程度,分为轻度、中度、重度3组,分析组间临床指标及超声心动图指标差异。随访记录全因死亡及因心力衰竭(心衰)再住院的事件,进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析和多因素Cox回归分析。结果:入选120例患者,中位年龄86岁。重度MR组女性、NYHAⅣ级占比明显高于轻度和中度MR,重度MR组左室射血分数明显低于轻度和中度MR组;重度MR组BMI明显低于轻度MR组;重度MR组脑钠肽、收缩期三尖瓣反流峰值速度、肺动脉收缩压明显高于轻度MR组。在中位时间为26个月的随访中,44例(38.9%)发生全因死亡,37例(32.7%)因心衰再住院。3组间全因死亡率、因心衰住院率有显著差异(Log Rank P=0.042、0.006)。随着MR程度增加,全因死亡率、因心衰再住院率增加(P0.05)。多因素COX回归分析显示,NHYA分级(HR:1.924,95%CI:1.293～2.863,P=0.001)、MR程度(HR:1.717,95%CI:1.032～2.856,P=0.037)与因心衰再住院相关。结论:老年房颤伴功能性MR患者,随着MR程度增加,全因死亡率、因心衰再住院率增加。NYHA分级、MR程度是老年房颤患者因心衰再住院的危险因素。     

Decreased activities of daily living at discharge predict mortality and readmission in elderly patients after cardiac and aortic surgery: A retrospective cohort study

Recently, activities of daily living (ADL) were identified as a prognostic factor among elderly patients with heart disease; however, a specific association between ADL and prognosis after cardiac and aortic surgery is not well established. We aimed to clarify the impact of ADL capacity at discharge on prognosis in elderly patients after cardiac and aortic surgery.This retrospective cohort study included 171 elderly patients who underwent open operation for cardiovascular disease in a single center (median age: 74 years; men: 70%). We used the Barthel Index (BI) as an indicator for ADL. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the BI at discharge, indicating a high (BI ≥ 85) or low (BI < 85) ADL status. All-cause mortality and unplanned readmission events were observed after discharge.Thirteen all-cause mortality and 44 all-cause unplanned readmission events occurred during the median follow-up of 365 days. Using Kaplan–Meier analysis, a low ADL status was determined to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality and unplanned readmission. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, a low ADL status was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and unplanned readmission after adjusting for age, sex, length of hospital stay, and other variables (including preoperative status, surgical parameter, and postoperative course).A low ADL status at discharge predicted all-cause mortality and unplanned readmission in elderly patients after cardiac and aortic surgery. A comprehensive approach from the time of admission to postdischarge to improve ADL capacity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac and aortic surgery may improve patient outcomes.     

血浆N末端原脑利钠肽水平对慢性心力衰竭患者长期预后的预测价值

目的探讨N末端原脑利钠肽（Nt-proBNP）水平对慢性心力衰竭（心衰）患者长期预后的临床价值。方法选择慢性心衰患者,以纽约心脏病心功能分级方法评估心功能,采用双抗体夹心免疫荧光法测定血浆Nt-proBNP水平;并随访2年。结果（1）135例慢性心衰患者平均随访（6404-100）d,发现发生心血管事件组比不发生事件组的Nt-proBNP基线水平明显为高。（2）全模型多元logistic回归分析显示,Nt-proBNP和是否发生事件明显相关,Log Nt-proBNP每变化1个单位,风险增加14倍;Nt-proBNP≤1246ng／L组的生存曲线高于Nt-proBNP〉1246ng／L组。（3）Nt-proBNP水平对预后判定的ROC曲线下面积为0．885,其对心血管事件的阳性预测价值为88．5％,阴性预测价值为11．5％。结论（1）慢性心衰患者中Nt-proBNP水平明显增高,且随着心功能不全级别的增高相应递增;（2）血浆Nt-proBNP水平升高的程度对慢性心衰患者发生心血管事件或死亡的预测具有一定的价值。     

Usefulness of in-hospital change in B-type natriuretic peptide levels in predicting long-term outcome in elderly patients admitted for decompensated heart failure

The usefulness of repeated measures of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in elderly subjects with decompensated heart failure to improve risk stratification remains poorly known. This prospective cohort study included 61 consecutive patients older than 70 years (mean age, 82.7 years) hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. Clinical, radiologic, biologic, and echographic data were collected at admission and at discharge. The median BNP level at admission was 1136 pg/mL and the mean change during the hospitalization was -32%. Cardiac death or readmission were best predicted by the change in BNP levels, with the poorest prognosis in patients who did not achieve a decrease of at least 40% (hazard ratio, 4.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-10.84 in multivariate analysis). Admission of an elderly patient for decompensated heart failure is a daily situation in clinical practice, in which 2 BNP measurements seem to provide reliable information on long-term prognosis.     

Impact of congestive heart failure treatment on peripheral microvascular tissue oxygenation

The authors evaluated peripheral tissue oxygenation during treatment of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) to determine whether differences exist between patients who experienced adverse outcomes (AO), defined as death or readmission within 6 months, and patients who did not (non-AO). This prospective, observational study measured differential absorption spectroscopy-derived tissue hemoglobin oxygenation (S(t) O(2) ) in CHF patients from presentation through hospital discharge to determine whether differences between the AO and non-AO groups exist. Of 52 patients, 6 died and 27 were readmitted. In the non-AO group, S(t) O(2) increased from admission to discharge by 5.2% (?P<.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.7%-8.7%). No S(t) O(2) change occurred in the AO group (2.3%; P=.42; 95% CI, -2.2%-6.8%). Tissue oxygenation increased during inpatient treatment in CHF patients without future adverse outcomes, but was unchanged for those who later died or were readmitted. Lack of improvement may be associated with higher rates of death and readmission.     

Elimination of early rehospitalization in a randomized, controlled trial of multidisciplinary care in a high-risk, elderly heart failure population: the potential contributions of specialist care, clinical stability and optimal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dose at discharge

BACKGROUND: Despite a growing body of data demonstrating the benefits of multidisciplinary care in heart failure, persistently high rates of readmission, especially within the first month of discharge, continue to be documented. AIMS: As part of an ongoing randomized study on the value of multidisciplinary care in a high risk (NYHA Class IV), elderly (mean age 69 years) heart failure population, we examined the effects of this intervention on previously high (20%) 1-month readmission rates. METHODS: Unlike previous studies of this approach, both multidisciplinary (MC) and routine care (RC) populations were cared for by the cardiology service, complied with adherence to clinical stability criteria prior to discharge (100% of patients) and received at least target dose angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with perindopril prior to discharge (94% of indicated patients). We analysed death and unplanned readmission for heart failure at 1 month. RESULTS: This early report from the first 70 patients (67% male, 71% systolic dysfunction with a mean ejection fraction of 31.0+/-6.7%) enrolled in this study demonstrates elimination of 1-month hospital readmission in both RC and MC groups. This unexpected result represents a dramatic improvement both for this patient cohort (20% 30-day readmission rate prior to enrollment reduced to 0% following the index admission in both care groups) and in comparison with available data. CONCLUSIONS: Critical contributors to this improvement appear to be specialist cardiology care, adherence to clinical stability criteria prior to discharge and routine use of target or high-dose ACE inhibitor therapy prior to discharge. Widespread application of this approach may have a dramatic improvement in morbidity of CHF while limiting the escalating costs of this condition.     

Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and bilirubin levels in the readmission of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundTh aim of this study was to analyze acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) readmission events and to determine whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and bilirubin levels were associated with readmission after discharge due to AECOPD.MethodsA total of 170 patients with AECOPD were included. Patients were stratified into the readmission group if patients had two or more readmissions within 2 years of the previous discharge, and the non-readmission group with one readmission or none within 2 years of the last discharge. Data were collected and compared between groups. The patients were separated by the cutoffs of NLR and bilirubin level. The number of all-cause readmissions within 2 years, time to first COPD-related readmission, 1-year/2-year COPD-related readmission, 1-year/2-year all-cause mortality were compared between groups, respectively.ResultsCompared with the readmission group, patients of the non-readmission group had a shorter length of hospital stay, more systemic corticosteroid use, higher NLR, higher bilirubin levels, and lower eosinophils counts (p < 0.05). NLR and bilirubin levels on admission had significant association with the number of all-cause readmissions (p < 0.05). Lower bilirubin was associated with an increased risk of 1-year COPD-related readmission (OR 5.063) and 2-year COPD-related readmission (OR 4.699).ConclusionsFor patients with AECOPD, longer hospital stay, and less use of systemic corticosteroids may be associated with a higher risk of readmission. NLR and bilirubin levels on admission may be related to the number of all-cause readmissions. Bilirubin can be regarded as a biomarker to predict readmission rates within 2 years after discharged throughout the course of the disease.     

Characteristics of Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Impact on Activities of Daily Living: A Registry Report from Super-Aged Society

BackgroundTo assess the health care burden of elderly patients with heart failure (HF) in an aging Japanese community-based hospital, we investigated the outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled all patients with HF aged ≥65 years admitted to 3 hospitals in the Niigata Prefecture. We prospectively collected data on their hospital stays and for 2 years postdischarge. The cohort comprised 617 patients (46.5% men; mean age 84.7 years), 76.2% of whom were aged ≥80 years. Among these patients, 15.6% were nursing home residents, 57.7% required long-term care insurance, only 37.6% could walk unaided at the time of admission, and 70.5% required cardiac rehabilitation; age had no significant rehabilitative effect on the degree of improvement in activities of daily living (ADLs). Two years postdischarge, all-cause mortality, and HF rehospitalization were 41.1% and 38.6%, respectively. The ADL score at discharge was an independent prognostic factor for mortality. The incidence of mortality and rehospitalization was lower in elderly patients with preserved ADLs at discharge.ConclusionsElderly patients with HF in our super-aged society were mainly octogenarians who required disease management and personalized care support. Although their ADL scores increased with comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation, improved scores at discharge were closely associated with prognosis.     

Predictors of costs of caring for elderly patients discharged with heart failure

BACKGROUND: Investments in programs to improve outcomes and reduce readmissions for patients who survive hospitalization with heart failure will be economically most favorable for those who have the highest risk. Little information is available, however, to stratify the risk of these patients incurring costs after discharge. In this study, we sought to determine correlates of costs in a representative sample of patients with heart failure in the 6 months after discharge. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 2181 patients aged > or = 65 years who were discharged alive from 18 Connecticut hospitals in 1994 and 1995 with a principal discharge diagnosis of heart failure. Outcomes 6 months after discharge, including all-cause readmission and cost, heart failure-related readmission and cost, and death, were obtained from the Medicare administrative database. A 2-stage sample selection model was used to identify the independent correlates of cost. Risk scores were calculated to identify subsets of patients at risk for generating high costs. RESULTS: On average, patients discharged with heart failure incurred costs of $2388 resulting from heart failure-related admissions and $7101 resulting from admissions from any cause during the 6 months after discharge. An average admission for heart failure cost $7174, whereas an admission resulting from any cause cost $8589. The multivariate models explained 7% of the variation in cost, although clinical characteristics such as recent heart failure admissions, kidney failure, and hypertension were significant independent correlates of increased cost. Older age and a history of stroke were independently associated with decreased cost. Patients without any of the risk factors associated with increased costs still incurred $1500 to $5000, on average, in the 6 months after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with heart failure generate substantial hospital costs in the 6 months after discharge. Given the emerging evidence for effective programs to reduce readmission, investments in interventions that produce even modest reductions in risk would be economically favorable.     

Quality of care and hospital readmission in congestive heart failure: An explicit review process

BACKGROUND: The effect of hospital quality of care on hospital readmission for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) has not been widely studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the effects of clinical factors, hospital quality of care, and cardiologist involvement on 3-month readmission rates in patients with CHF by using a 125-item explicit review instrument comprising 3 major domains: admission work-up, evaluation and treatment, and readiness for discharge. During the 3 months after discharge, 59 (30%) of 205 patients were readmitted for CHF. The average evaluation and treatment score was lower for readmitted patients (63% v 58%; P = .04). The specific quality criteria differing between patients readmitted or not readmitted included the performance of any diagnostic evaluation, performance of echocardiography in patients with unknown ejection fraction or suspected valvular disease, and therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on discharge. Patients with 相似文献   

Depressive symptoms and quality of life in elderly patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiac heart failure: preliminary data of a randomized controlled trial

Aim of the study was to evaluate mortality and functional, cognitive, affective status in elderly patients (>or=75 years) with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or acute congestive heart failure (CHF) admitted to the emergency department (ED) of S. Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino and randomly assigned to the geriatric home hospitalization service (GHHS) or to a general medical ward (GMW). All patients were evaluated on admission, on discharge and at 6 months, using a standardized study protocol. We excluded patients with unstable medical conditions. The total sample included 73 patients: 35 with COPD exacerbation (19 GHHS, 16 GMW) and 38 with CHF (19 GHHS, 19 GMW). Mean age was 81.7+/-8.0 years. At baseline, no significant differences in demographic, social and clinical conditions were found between the two groups of patients. 56.7% of COPD patients had a severe exacerbation, according to Anthonisen criteria; 65% of CHF patients were NYHA-III and 35% NYHA-IV (according to the criteria of the New York Heart Association) (FE<35% in 40% of patients). On admission all patients were partially dependent in ADLs and IADLs, with a moderate impairment of depression score and a fairly good quality of life. On discharge depression score and quality of life were significantly better only in GHHS patients. Mortality was similar in the two setting of care. Patients managed at home had a significantly longer length of treatment. At 6-month follow-up we did not observe a difference in mortality, but we observed a higher readmission rate in patients previously treated in hospital. In conclusion, our study indicates that home-treated patients with COPD or CHF have better depressive scores and quality of life and a lower rate of hospital readmission after six months.