小肠原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨原发性小肠恶性淋巴瘤的CT诊断价值。方法 11例均行CT平扫,8例加做增强扫描,扫描层厚、层距均为10mm。结果 11例肿瘤,发病部位以回肠最常见,占10例。肠壁环形增厚型7例,其中5例见肠腔呈动脉瘤样扩张;肠腔内息肉样肿块型4例,3例继发肠套叠。该2型同时伴有肠系膜淋巴结多发肿在7例,其中1例见“夹心面包征”;受累肠段显著较长或呈多发节段性分布4例。CT初诊肿瘤检出9例,定性诊断准确7例。结论 肠壁增厚型和肠腔内息肉样肿块型是小肠原发性淋巴瘤的2种主要CT表现类型,伴有肠系膜淋巴结多发肿大的肠壁增厚或肠腔内分叶状肿块、“动脉瘤样肠腔扩张征”、“夹心面包征”、受累肠段较长及呈多发节段性分布是小肠原发性淋巴瘤的主要特征性CT表现,具有较可靠的定性诊断价值。     

升结肠癌性肠梗阻误诊为阑尾炎术后粘连性肠梗阻15例CT诊断分析

目的探讨CT诊断阑尾炎术后升结肠癌性肠梗阻的价值。方法回顾性分析15例阑尾炎术后经病理证实的升结肠癌性肠梗阻的CT表现。结果 15例升结肠肠壁增厚、肠腔肿块,肠腔狭窄;9例表现梗阻近段肠腔扩张、积液;6例表现为小肠肠腔少量积气积液、轻度扩张;2例见腹膜后淋巴结肿大,2例见肝脏多发转移灶。结论 CT能快速准确诊断升结肠癌性肠梗阻,对于阑尾炎术后肠梗阻的梗阻部位和原因有较高的诊断价值,可作为首选的影像学检查方法。     

以消化道症状首发的狼疮性肠炎的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:总结以消化道症状首发的狼疮性肠炎的CT表现,以提高其CT诊断水平.材料和方法:收集本院以消化道症状首次就诊最终诊断为LE的8例病人资料.8例均行全腹部CT平扫、动脉期和静脉期增强扫描.分析其CT表现,包括病变部位、肠壁厚度和肠腔宽度(小肠壁厚度＞4mm及结肠壁厚度＞5mm被认为肠壁增厚,小肠肠腔宽度＞25mm及结肠肠腔宽度＞50mm被认为扩张)、肠壁强化方式、肠系膜血管及腹部其他改变.结果:CT表现为8例(8/8例)均有空肠及回肠肠壁水肿、增厚并分层强化,呈环形的"靶征"和"双晕征"06例空、回肠肠壁最厚达8～12mm,其中4例(4/6例)空肠壁厚达9～12mm,平均11mm,回肠壁厚达5～10mm,平均7mm,并且空肠肠壁多个节段或全部增厚,而回肠肠壁增厚仅1个或2个节段,长度仅3～14cm.十二指肠、结肠、直肠和胃窦壁增厚分别为6例、5例、3例和3例.7例(7/8例)/b肠、2例结肠广泛扩张,积气积液,形成假性肠梗阻.伴有肾盂、输尿管积水6例.累及膀胱3例(2例膀胱壁增厚,1例膀胱扩张).肠系膜小血管扩张充血呈梳征、腹水及肠系膜淋巴结增大均为8例.结论:LE的CT表现为小肠和结肠广泛肠壁水肿、增厚,空肠常较回肠肠壁增厚严重而广泛,小肠广泛扩张,肠系膜充血,并多伴有腹水和泌尿系受累.     

CT平扫对Bouveret综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT平扫对Bouveret综合征的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术证实的Bouveret综合征患者的CT表现及临床资料。结果 7例CT平扫均见肠腔内异位结石,结石上方肠梗阻,梗阻以下肠管空虚;胆道及胆囊积气2例,胆囊窝结构紊乱伴积气5例。结石位于空肠1例,位于回肠6例。1例随访可见胆石梗阻部位移动。结石呈圆形或类圆形,直径3～5 cm,高密度阳性结石4例,低密度阴性结石3例。7例术前CT平扫确诊为Bouveret综合征,准确率为100%。结论单纯CT平扫能对Bouveret综合征进行确诊,"肠袢扩张、胆系积气、异位结石"为Bouveret综合征三大重要的CT平扫表现。     

The Imaging Manifestations of Direct lymphangiography and CT Findings after lymphangiography of Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

目的 探讨小肠淋巴管扩张症在直接淋巴管造影和造影后CT检查中的影像表现,提高对此病的认识.资料与方法 回顾性分析21例临床诊断为小肠淋巴管扩张症患者的临床和影像资料,所有病例均先行直接淋巴管造影后再行腹盆部CT平扫,5例在淋巴管造影前做过CT平扫加增强,3例淋巴管造影、CT平扫后进行了增强扫描,分析所有病例影像学表现.结果 直接淋巴管造影显示腹膜后、髂部淋巴管走行迂曲,不同程度扩张,结构紊乱,动态观察向肠系膜反流4例,3例可见对比剂直接进入肠腔内.直接淋巴管造影后行CT平扫,21例均可见向对侧腰干反流,9例向肠干反流.15例患者有节段性肠壁增厚,8例增强扫描,显示5例小肠壁分层强化呈“晕轮征”,2例增厚肠壁呈均匀性强化,1例肠壁未见增厚.结论 直接淋巴管造影与造影后CT联合检查是诊断小肠淋巴管扩张症的重要方法.     

急性肠缺血的CT征象分析

目的:分析急性肠缺血的CT征象,提高CT对急性肠缺血诊断的准确性.材料和方法:2004～2005年间经急诊CT平扫及增强扫描,53例被诊断为急性肠缺血,分析其CT征象并与临床治疗和手术结果相对照.结果:CT平扫及增强图像显示:①肠腔扩张及积液53例次.②肠壁增厚伴密度改变39例次,其中平扫时肠壁内见散在点状高密度影7例次,肠壁密度降低22例次.增强扫描肠壁黏膜层异常强化15例次.③肠系膜血管走行异常并血管增粗(漩涡征)10例.④肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征)26例.⑤肠系膜动脉钙化斑26例;其中有5例可见肠系膜动脉内等密度无强化的血栓影;另3例经手术证实肠系膜上动脉近肠小血管襻内血栓形成,但CT未能显示.⑥肠系膜静脉血栓形成4例.全部53例病人中,39例内科保守治疗后好转,14例症状未缓解者,经外科手术治疗,证实10例为肠系膜动脉血栓形成(其中3例CT未显示血栓),4例为门静脉血栓形成.结论:肠腔扩张和积液、肠壁增厚、肠系膜血管缆绳征及腹水是急性肠缺血的CT间接征象.CT平扫结合MDCT增强和CTA图像显示肠壁内密度改变、肠系膜血管内血栓形成或血管硬化导致管腔狭窄、漩涡征,即可确诊.     

小肠缺血性肠病的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的：分析小肠缺血性肠病的多层螺旋CT表现，以提高其CT诊断水平。材料和方法：收集本院19例最终诊断为小肠缺血性肠病并行CT检查的患者，分析其CT表现及病因。除4例急诊检查外，其余15例检查前均口服2．5％等渗甘露醇1000—1500ml作为肠道对比剂，每一例均行平扫、动脉期和静脉期增强扫描，15例行冠状面最大密度投影（MIP）和多平面重组（MPR）后处理。结果：CT表现为肠壁增厚16例（84％），分层强化呈靶征14例（占增厚肠壁87．5％），肠壁菲薄、无强化2例，肠腔扩张、积气、积液14例（73．7％），肠系膜浑浊15例（78．9％），腹水13例，肠壁积气3例，门静脉积气、肠系膜上动脉（SMA）充盈缺损、僵硬狭窄及肠系膜上静脉（SMV）闭塞各1例，肠系膜小血管充血（增粗、密集呈“梳征”）16例，缺血（变细、稀疏、强化减弱）3例。病因为系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）引起的血管炎7例，肠梗阻4例，SMA栓塞（均为房颤患者）、肠系膜扭转和外伤分别为2例，动脉粥样硬化、SMV血栓形成各1例。7例SLE均广泛累及十二指肠、空肠及回肠，其中5例同时累及结肠。结论：小肠缺血性肠病的多层螺旋CT表现为：①肠壁和肠系膜缺血：肠壁水肿、增厚、分层强化呈靶征，肠系膜浑浊，血管炎所致缺血性肠病常累及整个小肠及结肠；②肠系膜血管异常：SMA及SMV狭窄或闭塞，肠系膜小血管充血或缺血。     

小肠淋巴管扩张症在直接淋巴管造影及造影后CT平扫中的影像表现

目的探讨小肠淋巴管扩张症在直接淋巴管造影和造影后CT检查中的影像表现,提高对此病的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析21例临床诊断为小肠淋巴管扩张症患者的临床和影像资料,所有病例均先行直接淋巴管造影后再行腹盆部CT平扫,5例在淋巴管造影前做过CT平扫加增强,3例淋巴管造影、CT平扫后进行了增强扫描,分析所有病例影像学表现。结果直接淋巴管造影显示腹膜后、髂部淋巴管走行迂曲,不同程度扩张,结构紊乱,动态观察向肠系膜反流4例,3例可见对比剂直接进入肠腔内。直接淋巴管造影后行CT平扫,21例均可见向对侧腰干反流,9例向肠干反流。15例患者有节段性肠壁增厚,8例增强扫描,显示5例小肠壁分层强化呈"晕轮征",2例增厚肠壁呈均匀性强化,1例肠壁未见增厚。结论直接淋巴管造影与造影后CT联合检查是诊断小肠淋巴管扩张症的重要方法。     

肠石性小肠梗阻的CT诊断

目的分析肠石性小肠梗阻的特征性CT表现,评估CT对肠石性肠梗阻的诊断价值。资料与方法对21例手术或临床证实的肠石性小肠梗阻CT表现进行回顾性分析,由2位主治医生盲法对21例患者以及其他17例粘连性肠梗阻图像共同作出诊断。结果 16例胃石性肠梗阻均在梗阻移行处肠腔内见边界清楚的含气致密团块,10例见周边硬化缘,8例伴周围肠壁局部增厚,4例伴胃石,2例伴近端小肠扭转。胆石性肠梗阻5例,异位结石表现为环状钙化或完全钙化影,4例伴有胆囊形态异常及胆道积气。21例肠石性肠梗阻中17例诊断正确,CT对肠石性肠梗阻诊断阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为81.0%,敏感性为81.0%,特异性为100%,准确性为89.5%。结论 CT能明确显示肠石性小肠梗阻的特征表现,是诊断肠石性小肠梗阻的可靠手段。     

空肠多发性腺瘤诱发肠套叠致绞窄性肠梗阻一例

患者　男 ,4 4岁。入院前 12h无诱因突发中上腹持续性剧痛及阵发性绞痛 ,身体蜷曲可略缓解 ,伴恶心、呕吐。体检 :腹略膨隆 ,未见肠形及蠕动波。中上腹压痛 ( ) ,可触及10cm× 8.0cm肿块 ,边界欠清 ,肠鸣音消失。B超诊断 :中上腹部实质性占位。X线腹部立、卧位平片示 :中上腹部中部均匀性密度增高 ,其周围肠管内少量散在之片状积气影 ,未见扩张之肠襻及液 平面 ,两侧腹脂线清晰 (图 1)。腹部CT平扫 :胃高度扩张 ,髂嵴平面以上小肠扩张伴积液 ,脐平面正中线左侧小肠扩张 ,多个平面见肠腔内壁有乳头状壁结节与之相连。近端小肠见局限性肿块…     

小儿肠梗阻的腹部X线平片和CT诊断价值分析

目的：分析腹部X线平片和CT对小儿肠梗阻的诊断价值，重点探讨小儿绞窄性肠梗阻的CT表现。材料和方法：收集2002年1月-2004年6月复旦大学附属儿科医院手术证实肠梗阻23例，术前24h均拍摄腹部正侧位X线平片，其中14例行腹部CT扫描。结果：23例肠梗阻术前诊断正确率：腹部X线平片为69．6％（16／23）：CT为100％（14／14）。其中，绞窄性肠梗阻术前诊断正确率：腹部X线平片为38．9％（7／18）；CT为90．9％（10／11）。11例绞窄性肠梗阻的主要CT表现包括：小肠壁增厚9例；CT平扫肠壁密度增高7例和“靶征，，2例；CT增强扫描肠壁强化低于正常者6例，3例延迟扫描强化。肠系膜血管增粗水肿5例，4、肠壁积气4例，腹水6例。结论：CT诊断小儿肠梗阻，特别是显示肠绞窄，较腹部X线平片优越。     

Pneumatosis intestinalis in patients with ischemia: correlation of CT findings with viability of the bowel

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to reassess the CT finding of pneumatosis in intestinal ischemia to determine whether it indicates transmural necrosis versus partial mural ischemia and also to determine whether other CT findings can be used to predict which patients with pneumatosis are likely to have viable bowel. CONCLUSION: The CT finding of pneumatosis does not always indicate transmural infarction of the bowel in intestinal ischemia. Patients with associated portomesenteric venous gas are more likely to have transmural infarction than those with pneumatosis alone.     

Intestinal ischemia: comparison of plain radiographic and computed tomographic findings

This article illustrates the radiographic and CT findings in 14 patients with proved intestinal ischemia or infarction. Gaseous bowel distention, thumbprinting and pneumatosis were the most frequent radiographic findings; intestinal distention, thickening of the bowel wall, engorgement of mesenteric vessels, and pneumatosis, the most frequent CT findings. The authors conclude that CT offers major advantages for evaluating patients suspected of having intestinal ischemia or infarction.     

Cecal pneumatosis in patients with obstructive colon cancer: correlation of CT findings with bowel viability

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to reassess CT findings of cecal pneumatosis in patients with acute large-bowel obstruction due to colon cancer to determine whether this condition indicates transmural necrosis versus viable bowel and also whether other CT findings could be used to identify patients with transmural necrosis. CONCLUSION: CT findings of cecal pneumatosis do not always indicate transmural infarction in patients with acute large-bowel obstruction due to colon cancer. Cecal pneumatosis may be related to viable bowel when it displays a bubblelike pattern or when it is not associated with other findings of ischemia.     

粘连性腹内疝及其合并肠缺血坏死的MSCT诊断

目的 探讨粘连性腹内疝及合并绞窄性肠坏死的MSCT特征.方法 回顾性分析21例经手术证实的粘连性腹内疝的CT资料,CT原始数据经多平面重建(MPR)及CT血管造影(CTA),以显示疝环、疝入肠系膜、疝内肠管的特征.结果 19例粘连性腹内疝均显示疝环,小肠扩张积液、聚集并移位,其中17例显示疝环处肠管狭窄与扩张肠管移行;17例显示疝入肠系膜水肿、增厚,肠系膜血管纠集、充血,其中11例显示疝环处肠管及其系膜扭转;15例显示腹水.根据疝入肠管影像表现将粘连性腹内疝分型:Ⅰ型为肠管扩张伴肠壁增厚(7例);Ⅱ型为肠管扩张不伴肠壁增厚(9例);Ⅲ型为肠管不扩张但肠壁增厚(5例).3型腹内疝肠管壁平扫CT值、动脉及门脉期肠壁强化值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅰ和Ⅲ型小于Ⅱ型,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).8例粘连性腹内疝合并绞窄性肠坏死(5例为Ⅰ型,3例为Ⅲ型),CT显示肠扭转伴疝入小肠壁显著水肿增厚,肠壁模糊呈持续性低强化,其中4例显示肠系膜上静脉血栓栓塞,3例显示肠系膜上动脉主干或分支闭塞,8例均显示大量腹水.结论 粘连带形成的疝环,狭窄与扩张肠管移行以及小肠扩张、聚集并移位提示粘连性腹内疝的存在;疝入肠系膜水肿,血管纠集,充血,肠系膜血管闭塞,肠管壁显著水肿增厚并持续低强化,则是绞窄性肠坏死的影像特征.     

Pneumatosis intestinalis and portomesenteric venous gas in intestinal ischemia: correlation of CT findings with severity of ischemia and clinical outcome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between pneumatosis or portomesenteric venous gas, or both, the severity of mural involvement, and the clinical outcome in patients with small- or large-bowel ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of 23 consecutive patients presenting with pneumatosis or portomesenteric venous gas caused by bowel ischemia were reviewed. The presence and extent of both CT findings were compared with the clinical outcome in all patients and with the severity and extent of ischemic bowel wall damage as determined by surgery (15 patients), autopsy (three patients), or follow-up (five patients). RESULTS: Seven patients showed isolated pneumatosis, and 16 patients showed portomesenteric venous gas with or without pneumatosis (11 and five patients, respectively). Pneumatosis and portomesenteric venous gas were associated with transmural bowel infarction in 14 (78%) of 18 patients and 13 (81%) of 16 patients, respectively. Nine patients (56%) with portomesenteric venous gas died. Of seven patients with infarction limited to one bowel segment (jejunum, ileum, or colon), only one patient (14%) died, whereas of the 10 patients with infarction of two or three bowel segments, eight patients (80%) died. CONCLUSION: CT findings of pneumatosis intestinalis and portomesenteric venous gas due to bowel ischemia do not generally allow prediction of transmural bowel infarction, because they may be observed in patients with only partial ischemic bowel wall damage. The clinical outcome of patients with bowel ischemia with these CT findings seems to depend mainly on the severity and extent of their underlying disease.     

Pneumatosis intestinalis associated with needle catheter jejunostomy tubes: CT findings and implications.

The CT findings of pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) associated with needle catheter jejunostomy tubes (NCT) are described in two patients. Each case had cyst-like intramural gas collections associated with the NCT. Neither case had focal bowel wall thickening or portal or mesenteric free air, and there was no evidence of intestinal necrosis. Our findings suggest that cyst-like intramural gas collections associated with NCT represent a benign form of PI.     

绞窄性肠梗阻的螺旋CT增强扫描征象分析

目的:分析螺旋CT增强扫描图像上绞窄性肠梗阻的征象,提高对绞窄性肠梗阻术前诊断的准确性.方法:64例手术证实的绞窄性肠梗阻病例纳入研究,男43例,女21例,年龄23～72岁,平均42岁.采用单排螺旋CT进行全腹部扫描,对比剂以2～3ml/s速度注射,注射后60s扫描,层厚10mm.参照术中所见,回顾性分析上述CT资料,包括:①间接征象:肠腔扩张积液,肠壁增厚及肠壁密度改变(靶征),肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征),肠系膜血管增粗并肠系膜扭曲(漩涡征),肠壁间、肠系膜间及门静脉积气,腹水;②直接征象:肠系膜上动脉或上静脉充盈缺损.结果:正确诊断54例,正确率82.8％.CT显示肠腔扩张积液47例(73％),其中6例积液呈高密度提示肠腔内积血(9.3％);肠壁水肿增厚19例(29.6％),其中11例增强后肠壁密度不匀,呈“靶征”(17％),8例肌壁未见强化(12.5％);肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征)43例(67％),肠系膜血管增粗并肠系膜扭曲呈“漩涡”状9例(14％),肠壁间积气、肠系膜积气各1例,门静脉积气2例,腹水31例(48.4％).肠系膜上动脉或上静脉充盈缺损3例.结论:绞窄性肠梗阻CT表现有一定特征,可做出提示性诊断.     

闭合性肠及系膜损伤的螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨闭合性肠及肠系膜损伤的螺旋CT特点。方法回顾性分析总结17例经手术证实的肠及系膜损伤的CT征象。结果腹腔或肠管间积液、积血16例,腹腔游离气体6例,肠系膜渗出12例,肠系膜血肿10例,肠壁肿胀增厚、血肿12例,肠管扩张并积液11例。CT术前诊断明确16例,1例表现为阴性。结论螺旋CT对闭合性肠及肠系膜损伤的诊断具有重要价值,可作出准确术前诊断。     

Radiologists’ performance in the diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia,using MDCT and specific CT findings,using a variety of CT protocols

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of radiologists in the diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia using specific multi-detector CT findings. The abdominal CT scans of 90 patients were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists: an abdominal imaging specialist, an experienced general radiologist, and a senior resident. Forty-seven patients had surgically proven intestinal ischemia and comprised the case group, while 43 patients had no evidence of intestinal ischemia at surgery and comprised the control group. Images were reviewed in a random and blinded fashion. Radiologists’ performance in diagnosing bowel ischemia from other bowel pathologies was evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing bowel ischemia were 89%, 67%, and 79% for the abdominal imager; 83%, 67%, and 76% for the general radiologist; and 66%, 83%, and 74% for the senior resident, respectively. The calculated kappa value for inter-observer agreement regarding the presence of bowel ischemia was 0.79. CT findings that significantly distinguished bowel ischemia from other bowel pathologies were decreased or absent bowel wall enhancement, filling defect in the superior mesenteric artery, small bowel pneumatosis, and gas in the portal veins or superior mesenteric vein. For most of these signs, there was good inter-observer agreement. Radiologists’ performance in diagnosing bowel ischemia is good, but lower than previously reported since a significant amount of cases are evaluated using a suboptimal CT technique. Radiologists’ experience and expertise have an important impact on their performance.