转人Cu,Zn-SOD基因马铃薯的研究

采用RT—PCR技术从人肝总RNA中分离扩增了490bp的人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(hCM，Zn—SOD)基因的cDNA序列，进行了序列测定，结果和文献报道的一致；构建了CaMv35S启动子驱动hCu，Zn—SOD基因的植物表达载体PBICuSOD；用三亲交配法将重组质粒PBICuSOD转化到农杆菌LBA4404，转化马铃薯得到转基因植株。PCR和Southern—blot分析证明，hCu，Zn—SOD基因巳整合到马铃薯基因组中。Western blot分析表明，hCu，Zn—SOD基因在转基因马铃薯植株中得到表达。用NBT光还原法测定转基因马铃薯植株中的SOD酶活力，叶的总酶活为1066．6U／g(湿重，下同)，块茎的总酶活为10llU／g。     

人EGFR基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在293细胞中的表达

目的:构建人表皮生长因子(EGFR)基因真核表达系统,拟为EGFR靶向腺病毒准备包装细胞.方法:用RT-PCR法,从人A431细胞中逆转录出EGFR基因cDNA,插入到pcDNA3.1(+)质粒中,拟构建EGFR真核表达载体,经测序证实.用脂质体将重组质粒转染293细胞,经G418筛选获得稳定表达EGFR重组克隆,用Western blot鉴定转染细胞中EGFR基因的表达.结果:经限制性内切酶酶切及测序结果分析证实EGFR基因已插入重组质粒.Western blot方法证实转基因293细胞中存在人EGFR基因的表达.结论:成功构建的人EGFR/pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达系统能够在293细胞稳定表达.     

青蒿鲨烯合酶基因打靶研究

目的通过代谢途径工程调整代谢流向,试图增大转基因青蒿Artemisia annua植株中的青蒿素产量。方法利用青蒿鲨烯合酶(SS)基因、绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因和胞嘧啶脱氨酶(CodA)基因构建基因打靶载体,并通过冻融法将载体导入根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens。以叶盘法转化青蒿,采用"分段选择法"筛选转基因再生植株。结果对表达GFP基因后发出绿色荧光的转基因植株,采用PCR及PCR产物杂交法,在1棵转基因植株中检测到外源GFP基因,而未检测到内源SS基因。初步证据显示,在转基因青蒿植株中,突变型SS基因已取代野生型SS基因。结论青蒿鲨烯合酶基因打靶已取得初步成功。     

伯氏疟原虫抗原基因高效植物表达载体的构建

目的构建果实特异启动子驱动的含伯氏疟原虫裂殖子表面蛋白PbMSP4/5(Plasmodium berghei merozoitesurface protein4/5)基因的植物表达载体,并进一步提高抗原基因的表达量和免疫原性,为研制有效的转基因植物疟疾疫苗打下基础。方法分别以提取的番茄和伯氏疟原虫Anka株的基因组DNA为模板,扩增番茄果实特异表达启动子E8的核心序列(约1.11Kb)及PbMSP4/5基因(704bp),并通过重叠区扩增基因拼接法(Gene splicing by overlap extension,SOE)PCR将二者拼接,拼接后的序列为EM,并合成霍乱毒素B亚基基因CTB,共同构建重组质粒pCAMBIA1302-EM-CTB,电击法转化根癌农杆菌GV3103。结果重组质粒经酶切鉴定证明已成功转化。结论实验成功构建了以番茄果实特异启动子驱动PbMSP4/5基因、以CTB为黏膜免疫佐剂的高效植物表达载体。     

白藜芦醇合酶基因的克隆及丹参的转化

目的为探索利用分子生物学技术培育新型药用植物的新途径,将外源的白藜芦醇合酶(RS)基因导入到丹参中表达,以改善或增加丹参的效用。方法根据已公布的核苷酸序列,利用引物悬挂延伸法,经过3次扩增,最终从葡萄基因组DNA中获得完整的RScDNA基因序列;以质粒pBin438为基础,构建含有RS目的基因的组成型植物表达载体。在根癌农杆菌介导下,利用叶盘法转化丹参,进而通过PCR、PCR-Southern杂交对不同的转基因植株进行筛选与检测。结果总共得到了45棵卡那霉素抗性植株,经PCR和PCR-Southern杂交检测,确定葡萄RS基因已整合到部分转基因丹参苗的基因组中。结论成功建立了白藜芦醇合酶基因转化丹参的体系,并获得了转基因植株。     

小鼠前列腺干细胞抗原的原核表达、纯化及抗原活性检测

目的 RT-PCR扩增小鼠前列腺干细胞抗原(mPSCA)基因,构建原核表达质粒pET-42a-mPSCA,诱导mPSCA蛋白表达并纯化,并检测mPSCA蛋白的抗原活性。方法利用RT-PCR的方法从小鼠前列腺癌细胞系RM-1细胞中扩增mPSCA基因,测序正确后PCR的方法去掉mPSCA的信号肽序列将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-42a中构建重组载体pET-42a-mPSCA。将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,随后将表达的融合蛋白进行纯化。经SDS-PAGE分析后,Western blot检测纯化的蛋白,将纯化蛋白进一步包板后用ELISA法对其抗原活性进行评价。结果测序结果证实成功扩增出全长mPSCA基因;酶切和测序结果证实pET-42a-mPSCA原核表达载体构建成功;转化后可以成功诱导并纯化出大小与预期一致的蛋白;Western blot检测证实纯化的蛋白能与特异性的抗体发生反应;ELISA检测显示纯化后的mPSCA抗原具有免疫原性。结论成功扩增出小鼠全长PSCA基因,成功构建了mPSCA基因的原核表达载体,获得了纯化的mPSCA蛋白,该蛋白具有良好的抗原活性,为进一步研究以PSCA为靶点的前列腺癌的免疫治疗奠定了基础。     

人野生型p53肿瘤抑制基因在烟草中的遗传转化

目的:构建人野生型p53肿瘤抑制基因的植物表达载体,并建立p53转基因烟草植株.方法:将人野生型p53肿瘤抑制基因编码区克隆于pUC19,pBI426和pCAMBIA2301载体,构建含人野生型p53基因的植物表达载体pCAM-BIA2301/p53,p53基因由2×CaMV 35S启动子控制表达.利用叶盘共培养法经根瘤农杆菌EHA105介导转化烟草,获得转基因烟草植株;用组织化学法,PCR、Southern杂交检测转基因烟草植株.结果:经组织化学法,PCR,Southern杂交检测表明人野生型p53基因已整合到转基因烟草植株的基因组中,并获得了的转p53基因烟草植株.结论:成功建立了含人野生型p53基因的转基因烟草植株,为进一步检测p53基因的生物活性和开辟生产药用蛋白的新途径奠定了基础.     

人RANTES基因在转基因青蒿植株中表达的测定

目的 为了增强青蒿的特异药理活性，探讨人β-趋化因子RANTES基因在青蒿细胞中表达的可能性。方法 将克隆的RANTES基因经Ti质粒衍生的双元表达载体pRPKII导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株，通过叶盘共培养法已获得一批表现卡那霉素抗性的转基因青蒿植株。结果 PCR和Southern印迹杂交分析表明，RANTES基因已导入并整合到青蒿基因组中；RT-PCR、Northern印迹、Western印迹杂交结果证实，RANTES基因已在转基因青蒿植株中成功表达。结论 首次报道了RANTES基因在转基因青蒿植株中的表达，为基因工程改造青蒿打下了良好的基础。     

变形链球菌乳酸脱氢酶与霍乱毒素B亚单位嵌合基因植物表达质粒的构建及转化烟草研究

目的构建含变链菌乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和霍乱毒素B亚单位（CTB）嵌合基因的植物表达质粒并以根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草,获得转基因烟草。方法应用PCR技术扩增嵌合基因,并与植物中间表达载体p2355双酶切连接,构建植物表达载体p2355-ldh-ctxB,电击法导入根癌农杆菌EHA105,根癌农杆菌叶盘转化法转化烟草,对抗性植株进行PCR、GUS组织染色、RT-PCR检测。结果载体p2355-ldh-ctxB经双酶切及PCR证实均能得到与预期相符的片段,农杆菌介导转化烟草得到的抗性植株GUS组织染色呈阳性,PCR扩增nptⅡ基因和目的基因部分片段,均获得了与预计相符的片段,部分样品RT-PCR能扩增出与预期一致的片段。结论成功构建植物表达质粒p2355-ldh-ctxB,经根癌农杆菌介导转化烟草后获得了转基因烟草植株。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白基因的克隆及其高效表达

目的在大肠杆菌中表达丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核心蛋白基因片段。方法利用PCR技术，扩增出357bp的HCV核心蛋白基因片段，双酶切后将其插入到原核表达载体pET-32a，构建重组表达质粒pET-32a／HCVc。转化到大肠杆菌BL21中，IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE鉴定表达情况，Western blot鉴定表达产物的抗原性。结果 经IPTG诱导后获得了目的蛋白的融合表达；SDS—PAGE电泳显示其在32000处有一条融和表达条带；Western blot结果显示其具有HCV抗原特异性。结论 HCV核心蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达，而且表达产物有良好的抗原性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.