肩袖损伤患者术后功能康复护理对患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨肩袖损伤患者肩关节镜手术治疗中选用康复护理的价值。方法选择2019年1月—2020年6月收治的80例肩袖损伤患者均分为两组(随机信封法),对照组40例选用常规护理,观察组40例选用康复护理,统计对比生活质量、并发症发生率、护理效果。结果观察组生活质量高于对照组,数据对比,P<0.05。观察组并发症发生率(7.50%)低于对照组(25.00%),数据对比,χ2=4.5006,P<0.05。观察组住院时间、术后疼痛程度、肩部功能恢复时间低于对照组,肩关节功能评分(30.14±1.25)分高于对照组(25.26±2.19)分,数据对比,t=12.2396,P<0.05。结论将功能康复护理应用在肩袖损伤患者肩关节镜手术治疗中对降低术后疼痛程度,缩短住院及恢复时间,提高关节功能评分及生活质量效果更理想。     

Nonsurgical treatment for rotator cuff injury in the elderly

Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in the general population. The elderly population is often afflicted, and rotator cuff problems are among the most common causes of shoulder pain seen in primary care practices. The prevalence of shoulder pain in the elderly has been estimated to range from 21% to 27%, and the prevalence of rotator cuff tear increases with advanced age. The etiology of rotator cuff disease is likely multifactorial, including both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Rotator cuff dysfunction encompasses a spectrum of pathological changes, ranging from impingement syndrome to rotator cuff tendonitis to rotator cuff tendon tear. In the elderly population, the clinical manifestations from rotator cuff dysfunction can translate into significant morbidity and disabilities, interfering with ability for self care and functional independence. The goals of managing rotator cuff disease are to regain normal shoulder function and biomechanics, and to improve functional abilities in elderly patients. Treatment can consist of various conservative therapies (including ice, simple exercises, medications), and progress to more intensive physical therapy and/or corticosteroid injections. Rotator cuff dysfunction is a common musculoskeletal disorder in elderly patients and is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Physicians should be aware of the prevalence of rotator cuff disease in this population and provide early diagnosis and treatment to help preserve the functional ability and independence of older patients.     

比较研究全肩关节镜与关节镜辅助下切开治疗肩袖损伤的效果

目的:对比研究全肩关节镜和关节镜辅助下切开治疗肩袖损伤的临床效果.方法:选取2018年1月~2019年1月本院接收的肩袖损伤患者90例,将于关节镜辅助下实施切开治疗的45例设为A组,将开展全肩关节镜切开术的45例设为B组,对比两组患者的临床治疗结果.结果:治疗后,B组患者的UCLA评分与ASES评分均明显高于A组,P<0.05;B组患者的VA S评分明显低于A组,P<0.05;B组患者的术后并发症发生率4.44%与A组的6.67%则并无明显差异,P>0.05.结论:相较于关节镜辅助下切开治疗,肩袖损伤患者采用全肩关节镜切开治疗的疗效更为显著,可有效改善患者的关节功能与疼痛症状.     

A population study on differences in the determinants of a specific shoulder disorder versus nonspecific shoulder pain without clinical findings

Musculoskeletal pain frequently occurs without particular clinical findings. Pain per se may be determined by factors other than those indicating a clinical disorder. The authors examined the prevalence and determinants of clinically diagnosed chronic rotator cuff tendinitis and self-reported nonspecific shoulder pain. The Health 2000 survey, carried out in 2000-2001 in Finland, included a nationally representative sample of 8,028 persons aged 30 years or more. In the present study, analyses were restricted to subjects aged 30-64 years who had held a job during the preceding 12 months. The prevalences of chronic rotator cuff tendinitis and nonspecific shoulder pain were 2.0% (78 of 3,909 subjects) and 12% (410 of 3,525 subjects), respectively. Nonspecific pain was related to burnout (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 2.2), depression (among women, the adjusted OR was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.9) for mild depression and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6, 5.6) for severe depression), and inability to express one's feelings (alexithymia) (adjusted OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5). However, these factors were not associated with chronic rotator cuff tendinitis, determinants of which were work-related cumulative loading on the shoulder, age, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR = 8.8, 95% CI: 1.9, 40.3). The determinants of specific musculoskeletal disorders differ from those of subjective complaints without clinical findings. Such complaints may be indicators of adverse psychological and psychosocial factors rather than the presence of an underlying pathologic condition.     

Clinical inquiries. What is the best way to diagnose a suspected rotator cuff tear?

The evaluation of a suspected rotator cuff tear should start with a history and a clinical exam of the shoulder (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on a systematic review of cohort studies). Three clinical test results in particular--supraspinatus weakness, weakness of external rotation, and impingement--or 2 positive tests for a patient older than 60 years were highly predictive of rotator cuff tear (SOR: B, based on individual prospective study). Either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound can confirm a possible full-thickness tear (SOR: B, based on a systematic review of cohort studies). If a patient has an implantable device prohibiting MRI imaging, conventional arthrography is an alternative (SOR: A, individual randomized controlled trial). Suspected partial-thickness tears are best verified with an ultrasound (SOR: B, based on a systematic review of cohort studies).     

Musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and shoulders in female sewing machine operators: prevalence, incidence, and prognosis

OBJECTIVES—To assess the occurrence and persistence of two restrictively defined neck-shoulder disorders among sewing machine operators. To assess factors associated with the development of neck-shoulder disorder and prognostic factors for remaining a case, when disorders were already present.
METHODS—In an initial group of 243 sewing machine operators, 178 were followed up for 2 years. At baseline and at 1 and 2 years follow up the participants underwent a clinical examination of the neck and arms and filled in a questionnaire about current musculoskeletal complaints. Clinical criteria for two main neck-shoulder disorders were defined: rotator cuff tendinitis and myofascial pain syndrome. A baseline control group consisted of 357 women with varied non-repetitive work.
RESULTS—At baseline the overall prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome and rotator cuff tendinitis was 15.2% and 5.8% among sewing machine operators compared with 9.0% and 2.2%, respectively, among controls. The presence of the disorders was strongly associated with a self perception of poor general health. Although myofascial pain syndrome showed a U shaped association with years as a sewing machine operator, rotator cuff tendinitis was absent among the newest recruits and present among 15% of the women with more than 20 years as a sewing machine operator. Besides years as a sewing machine operator, the risk of having a neck-shoulder disorder at baseline was significantly associated with high stress (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.54; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.28 to 5.05) when adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, living alone with children, job strain, and social support from colleagues and supervisors. Only one of 13 participants with rotator cuff tendinitis at baseline recovered during follow up. Myofascial pain syndrome showed a much more fluctuating tendency. Low social support (RR 3.72; 95% CI 1.22 to 11.30) and smoking (RR 3.93; 95% CI 1.33 to 11.58) were associated with the development of neck-shoulder disorders, which was also associated with neck-shoulder pain score and living alone with children.
CONCLUSION—Rotator cuff tendinitis showed a higher degree of persistence than myofascial pain syndrome. Both disorders highly influenced the perception of general health. Women who lived alone with children, were smokers, or experienced low support from colleagues and supervisors had a higher risk of contracting a neck-shoulder disorder.


Keywords: rotator cuff syndrome; myofascial pain syndrome; follow up study; prognostic risk factors     

Midterm outcome after rotator cuff reconstruction

Rotator cuff tear is a common degenerative shoulder disorder that often requires surgical treatment. However, the correlation between the size of the tear and the functional results is somewhat controversial, which generates inconsistency among orthopaedic surgeons about the indications for and methods of rotator cuff reconstruction. Aims: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the midterm functional outcome after rotator cuff reconstruction and the possible connection between the results and the surgical technique or the postoperative ultrasound examination. In addition, recently published corresponding studies are also reviewed by the authors. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with full thickness rotator cuff tear were enrolled into the study who were treated either by arthroscopic (14 patients) or by open repair (13 patients) technique. Functional results were assessed using clinical tests. Ultrasound examination was also performed. Results: The average postoperative Constant Score was 73, the average DASH (Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score) was 14. The Constant scores averaged 80 for the arthroscopic and 70 for the open group. Ultrasound examination showed partial or full thickness retear of the cuff in 40% of the cases. Conclusion: More than 70% of the patients had excellent or good results two years after the reconstruction. The change in the acromiohumeral distance or partial retear failed to affect the results significantly, but full thickness tear had an effect on them.     

Chest pain in primary care: Epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities

Abstract

Background/objective: Chest pain is a common complaint and reason for consultation. We aimed to study the epidemiology of chest pain with respect to underlying aetiologies and to establish pre-work-up probabilities for the primary care setting. Methods: We included 1212 consecutive patients with chest pain, aged 35 years and older, attending 74 general practitioners (GPs). GPs recorded symptoms and findings of each patient and provided follow-up information. An independent interdisciplinary reference panel reviewed clinical data of every patient and decided on the aetiology of chest pain at the time of patient recruitment. Results: The prevalence of chest pain among all attending patients was 0.7%. The majority (55.9%) of patients were women. Mean age was 59 (35–93) years. Of these patients, 53.2% had chest pains at the time of consultation and 29.6% presented with acute (<48 hours’ duration) chest pain. Pain originating from the chest wall was diagnosed in 46.6% of all patients, stable ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 11.1%, and psychogenic disorders in 9.5%; 3.6% had acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Conclusion: The study adds important information about the epidemiology of chest pain as a frequent reason for consulting primary care practitioners. We provide updated pre-work-up probabilities for IHD for each age and sex category.     

Treatment of Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Effects on Functional Limitations and Return to Work

The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tear on the improvement in functional limitations and concomitant duration of sick leave. A systematic search for clinical trials or controlled studies was conducted with the following text words: should^*, rotator cuff, impingement, work, sick leave, disabilit^*, function^*. Nineteen articles were included in this review. For functional limitations, there is strong evidence that extracorporeal shock-wave therapy is not effective, moderate evidence that exercise combined with manual therapy is more effective than exercise alone, that ultrasound is not effective, and that open and arthroscopic acromioplasty are equally effective on the long term. For all other interventions there is only limited evidence. We found many studies using range of motion and pain as outcome measures but functional limitations were less often used as an outcome measure in this type of research. Duration of sick leave was seldom included as an outcome measure.     

2014-2015年中国40岁及以上慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸康复治疗情况

目的 了解中国≥40岁慢性阻塞性肺疾病（慢阻肺）患者的呼吸康复治疗和吸氧治疗情况,为肺康复治疗的发展提供基础数据。方法 来源于2014-2015年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在31个省（直辖市、自治区）125个监测点抽取≥40岁常住居民,利用电子问卷通过面对面询问的方式收集有关呼吸康复治疗和吸氧治疗的相关变量,通过肺功能检查将支气管舒张试验后FEV₁/FVC<70%者诊断为慢阻肺患者,共诊断患者9 134例,基于复杂抽样设计估计我国≥40岁慢阻肺患者的呼吸康复治疗和吸氧治疗率,并分析其影响因素。结果 9 118名≥40岁慢阻肺患者纳入分析。慢阻肺患者呼吸康复治疗率为0.8%（95% CI：0.6%～1.0%）,吸氧治疗率为2.5%（95% CI：2.0%～2.9%）。症状重/急性加重风险高的慢阻肺患者（慢阻肺综合评估在B、C、D组患者）的呼吸康复治疗率为1.4%（95% CI：0.9%～1.9%）,吸氧治疗率为5.4%（95% CI：4.4%～6.4%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,城乡、地区、慢阻肺患病知晓、急性加重史和气流受限严重程度影响慢阻肺患者的呼吸康复治疗率,性别、地区、慢阻肺患病知晓、急性加重史、mMRC评级和气流受限严重程度影响患者的吸氧治疗率。结论 中国≥40岁慢阻肺患者的呼吸康复治疗和吸氧治疗水平较低,应探索方便、有效的慢阻肺患者管理和肺康复治疗模式,让更多的患者获得科学的肺康复治疗。     

A questionnaire found disease-specific WORC index is not more responsive than SPADI and OSS in rotator cuff disease

ObjectivesTo compare responsiveness and minimal clinically important change (MCIC) for the disease-specific Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (WORC) and the two region-specific questionnaires Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Oxford Shoulder Scale (OSS) in patients with rotator cuff disease receiving corticosteroid injection therapy.Study Design and SettingOne hundred twenty-one patients with rotator cuff disease. Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index, SPADI, and OSS were administered before treatment and at 2 and 6 weeks after corticosteroid injection. Responsiveness was compared between questionnaires using the standardized response mean (SRM), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and reliable change proportion (RCP) statistics. Minimal clinically important change estimates were reported.ResultsThe differences between questionnaires were small and not consistent across the different responsiveness indices. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was significantly more responsive than OSS measured by SRM and RCP at 2 and 6 weeks. Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index was significantly more responsive than OSS in RCP and area under receiver operating characteristic curve at 6 weeks. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was significantly more responsive than WORC measured by RCP at 2 weeks. Minimal clinically important change was estimated to 5, 275, and 20 points for OSS, WORC, and SPADI, respectively.ConclusionsAll questionnaires are suitable for measuring change in patients with rotator cuff disease. Disease-specific WORC index is not more responsive than the region-specific SPADI and OSS in rotator cuff disease.     

Shoulder Disorders Related to Work Organization and Other Occupational Factors among Supermarket Cashiers

Abstract

The study was designed to examine, in 210 supermarket cashiers, the cross-sectional relationships between shoulder disorders according to location and chronicity of pain as well as personal and occupational factors and store and workstation characteristics. The factors associated with shoulder disorders differed for the right and left sides. Age and psychological disorders were significant risk factors. Among occupational factors, duration of employment, job control, wage dependence on efficiency, exposure to cold, movements and postures such as stooping, working with arms above shoulder level and holding heavy loads in position, and using a laser scanner were associated with shoulder disorders, especially on the left. These results confirm the multi factorial origin of shoulder disorders, and show the importance of psychosocial work factors, movements and postures, and the laser scanner as occupational risk factors, and the need to consider right and left shoulder disorders in cashiers separately.     

针灸联合补肝肾方治疗老年肩袖损伤的临床疗效研究

目的研究针灸联合补肝肾方治疗老年肩袖损伤的临床疗效。方法选取符合肩袖损伤诊断标准的患者78例,随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予曲安奈德联合利多卡因局部注射治疗;治疗组给予针灸联合补肝肾方治疗,连续治疗3个月。分别于治疗前后评估患者肩关节疼痛程度、肩关节主动活动范围和关节功能评定结果,并于治疗后统计两组的临床疗效。结果治疗组临床疗效高于对照组,肩关节疼痛程度、肩关节主动活动范围和关节功能评定结果的改善均优于对照组。结论针灸联合补肝肾方治疗老年肩袖损伤临床有效,可明显缓解疼痛,改善肩关节功能。     

碳青霉烯类抗菌药药理作用及临床应用效果分析

目的探究碳青霉烯类抗菌药药理作用及临床应用效果。方法选取2017年1月—2018年1月收治的100例肺部感染患者作为研究对象,将行头孢哌酮舒巴坦治疗者50例作为对照组,行头孢哌酮舒巴坦及亚胺培南西司他丁钠结合治疗者50例作为研究组,比较两组临床相关指标、肺功能及不良反应。结果研究组治疗后细菌学检查复常时间等临床各相关指标水平均优于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后肺功能各指标水平均较治疗前优,且以研究组RV/TLC为(0.41±0.02)%、FEV1/FVC为(0.67±0.12)%的优化幅度更大(P0.05);研究组不良反应总发生率为2.00%,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论肺部感染患者经头孢哌酮舒巴坦与碳青霉烯类药物治疗后效果更佳,可有效改善患者临床症状,减轻炎性反应,且药物不良反应少。     

Couverture par le vaccin de la grippe saisonnière des médecins généralistes et de leurs patients. Enquête de pratique auprès de médecins généralistes français après la campagne de vaccination 2011–2012

BackgroundIn France, vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza for risk groups was inadequate: 55.2% of people aged 65 and older, and 33% of the16–64 year group with chronic targeted disorders were vaccinated in March 2012. Three quarters of general practitioners were vaccinated. Our objective was to estimate the influence of the vaccination status of general practitioners on vaccine coverage of their patients at risk.MethodsA questionnaire was sent in March 2012 to a sample of 500 general practitioners. Their professional characteristics, vaccination status against seasonal influenza and the determinants of these vaccinations were collected and compared to the vaccine coverage of their patients obtained from the French healthcare fund.ResultsSelf-reported vaccination coverage of the 225 general practitioners respondents was 81.3%. There was a positive correlation with age greater than 50 years, high activity level, rural practice and the absence of particular mode of exercise. The doctors wanted to be vaccinated to protect themselves and protect their patients or their family. Of the 42 doctors unvaccinated, 42.5% feared the side effects of the vaccine, 40% considered influenza to be a benign illness and 32.5% considered low risk of catching or spreading it. The vaccination rate for patients aged 65 and older was 62.3% among 147 doctors vaccinated versus 58.3% in unvaccinated 31 physicians (P < 0.0001). These rates were 39% versus 36.7% (P = 0.29) for patients with chronic targeted disorders.ConclusionThis study shows a positive association between the reported vaccination of general practitioners and effective influenza vaccination of their patients aged 65 years and older. This result is less clear for patients with chronic targeted disorders. All this findings argue in favor of promoting seasonal influenza vaccination among general practitioners.     

2014-2015年中国40岁及以上慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺炎疫苗接种状况

目的 了解我国≥40岁慢性阻塞性肺疾病（慢阻肺）患者的肺炎疫苗接种状况,为慢阻肺的防控提供科学依据。方法 将2014-2015年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测中支气管舒张试验后测试FEV₁/FVC<70%的调查对象作为慢阻肺患者,其中9 067名通过询问调查明确肺炎疫苗接种情况的患者被纳入本研究分析。应用复杂抽样调整方法,估计慢阻肺患者中的肺炎疫苗接种率及其95% CI,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 我国≥40岁慢阻肺患者的5年内肺炎疫苗接种率是0.8%（95% CI：0.3%～1.4%）。40～岁组患者的肺炎疫苗接种率是0.3%（95% CI：0.2%～0.5%）,≥60岁组患者的接种率为1.2%（95% CI：0.3%～2.1%）（P<0.05）;城镇患者的接种率（1.5%）高于乡村患者（0.4%）（P<0.05）;慢阻肺患者的气流受限程度越严重,其肺炎疫苗接种率越高（P<0.05）;合并其他慢性肺部疾病或糖尿病的患者接种率为1.7%、2.1%,高于未合并的患者（P<0.05）;曾经吸烟的慢阻肺患者肺炎疫苗接种率为1.4%,现在吸烟的患者接种率为0.6%。慢阻肺患者的肺炎疫苗接种与年龄、文化程度、职业、气流受限严重程度分级、流感疫苗接种史有关。结论 我国≥40岁慢阻肺患者的肺炎疫苗接种率非常低,需要采取多种措施加强对慢阻肺患者的健康教育与肺炎疫苗接种推荐。     

冈上肌出口位X线摄片在肩袖损伤诊断中的意义

目的:探讨冈上肌出口位X线摄片在肩袖损伤影像学诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析21例经MRI确诊肩袖损伤的患者的相关影像学资料,15例患者在做MRI检查前摄取了侧肩关节冈上肌出口位X线片,6例患者仅摄取了侧肩关节X线正位片,将其影像学诊断结果进行对比。结果:21例患者MRI检查全部提示为肩袖损伤。15例患者摄取侧肩关节冈上肌出口位X线片测得肩峰-肱骨头(A-H)间距不同程度狭窄,其中3例患者A-H间距≤5.1～6.9mm、6例患者A-H间距≤7.0～7.9mm、6例患者A-H间距≤8.0～9.0mm,所见构成骨未见明确骨质病变征象;6例患者仅摄取侧肩关节正位的X线片诊断均为阴性。结论:冈上肌出口位X线摄片能清晰测量A-H间距,提示肩袖损伤的存在,对患者的下一步检查及制定治疗方案具有重要的临床意义。     

超声对肩关节炎的诊断价值研究

目的评估B超对肩关节炎的诊断价值。方法术前用B超检测患者30个关节。并比较B超对肩峰-三角肌下囊、二头肌腱及腱鞘、肩袖关节和盂肱关节检测及术中改变。结果对于检测肩峰-三角肌下囊渗液/肥大,B超敏感性为93%,特异性为83%,准确度90%,阳性预测值93%,阴性预测值83%。检测二头肌腱破裂敏感性为73%,特异性为100%,准确度84%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值75%。B超检测二头肌踺腱鞘渗液/肥大敏感性为100%,特异性为83%,准确度94%,阳性预测值91%,阴性预测值100%。而对于肩袖撕裂其敏感性为83%,特异性为57%,准确度74%,阳性预测值77%,阴性预测值67%。而盂肱关节渗液/肥大在24例患者中B超及外科手术中检测结果一致,因此其敏感性为100%,但特异性、准确度及阴性预测值都无法计算。结论超声检查可以用于检测关节炎的病变。但对于晚期RA,因为骨破坏和肌腱断裂改变了正常的解剖结构,且关节无法灵活配合检查,限制了B超检测。     

系统锻炼对肩关节镜下肩袖修补术康复的影响

目的 分析系统锻炼对肩关节镜下肩袖修补术患者康复的影响.方法 随机选取医院2015年1月—2020年1月接受肩关节镜下肩袖修补术治疗患者100例,采用计算机随机数字法将其分成对照组与观察组,每组50例.对照组患者接受常规锻炼,观察组患者接受系统锻炼.比较两组患者肩袖损伤修复结局、患肢肩关节活动度、患肢肌肉力量、患肢肩关...