Surgical treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism: report of two cases

We experienced two cases of acute massive pulmonary embolism. Both of the patients required emergent surgical procedures under cardiopulmonary bypass after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Postoperative courses of them were uneventful. In severe cases with acute massive pulmonary thrombosis, there is no time to choose medical treatment alternative to pulmonary embolectomy. The diagnosis should be made promptly, and immediate decision of operation is very important.     

急性肠系膜动脉栓塞误诊2例报告

血运性肠梗阻是肠系膜血管阻塞或血流不足引起肠壁血供障碍的一种急腹症 ,急性肠系膜动脉栓塞可在短时间内导致小肠及部分结肠广泛坏死 ,病情凶险预后极为恶劣 ,术前诊断困难、死亡率高 ;早期诊断、及时处理是提高此病生存率的关键[1] ,本院曾收治 2例 ,现将诊治教训报告如下。     

139例肺动脉闭锁的外科治疗

目的　总结 139例肺动脉闭锁 (pulmonary atresia,PA)患者的外科治疗效果 ,探讨手术时机、术式选择和手术危险因素。　方法　 1992年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 6月对 139例 PA患者连续行外科治疗 ,其中肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损 (PA- VSD) 12 4例 ,一期根治性手术 75例 ,二期根治手术 10例 ,姑息性手术 39例 ;室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁(PA- IVS) 15例 ,根治手术 9例 ,Z值平均为 - 0 .4± 0 .8;姑息性手术 6例 ,Z值平均为 - 1.5± 0 .7。双源供血的大主肺侧枝动脉予以结扎或介入栓堵 ,单源供血者需融合连接至固有肺动脉。　结果　围术期死亡 2 3例 ,手术死亡率16 .5 % ,其余患者均经治疗痊愈出院。PA- VSD患者中死亡 2 2例 ,肺动脉指数 (PAI)均 <15 0 mm2 /m2 ;PA- IVS患者中仅 1例中心分流术后因低氧血症死亡。手术危险因素为体外循环时间和患者的体重。　结论　 PA患者尽早手术可取得较满意的效果 ;PA- VSD患者可根据 PAI是否 >15 0 mm2 /m2选择实施根治术或姑息手术 ,PA- IVS可根据右心室发育情况和 Z值选择术式。     

Surgical treatment of massive pulmonary embolism. Personal cases]

5 cases of pulmonary embolism are reported. 3 of these were subjected to pulmonary embolectomy with complete success; repeated controls bear witness to the good long-term cardiorespiratory condition. Two patients died, one following angiography, the other at anaesthetic induction; this fact shows the desirability of submitting patients to partial support extracorporeal circulation prior to angiography and, in any cases, before submitting them to anaesthesia. This surgical success obtained in treatment of the three cases shows that embolectomy continues to play a decisive role.     

Surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts: report of 139 cases

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation that is endemic in many sheep- and cattle-raising areas and is still an important health problem in the world. The aim of our study was to present our surgical experience and strategy in the management of pulmonary hydatid disease. One hundred thirty-nine patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts underwent surgical treatment in our clinic between January 1990 and April 2002. A total of 169 cysts were present in 139 patients. Fifteen patients had concomitant hydatid cysts in liver and lung. Our series consisted of 76 male and 63 female patients, and mean age was 28.6 +/- 17 years (range, 5-65 years). Only pulmonary hydatid cysts were seen in 123 patients (88.5%), whereas there were 15 patients (10.8%) with combined pulmonary and hepatic disease. Hydatid cyst was found in a patient both in lung and spleen (0.7%). Lateral thoracotomy was performed in 115 patients (82.73%), bilateral thoracotomy in 9 patients (6.48%), thoracophrenotomy in 11 patients (7.91%), and median sternotomy and phrenotomy in 4 patients (2.88%). Resection techniques were used only in 10 patients. The most common complication was atelectasis (5.0%). The mortality rate was 1.8% (3 patients). Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts. Thoracaphrenotomy can be chosen as the surgical procedure in management of hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts.     

57例急性结石性胆囊炎的外科手术治疗

目的总结急性结石性胆囊炎的外科手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析57例急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料。结果全组57例急性结石性胆囊炎患者均有急性腹痛、恶心、呕吐,并伴有不同程度的右上腹压痛及反跳痛。伴黄疸32例,合并其他内科疾病22例。入院后所有患者均采取禁食、胃肠减压、纠正酸碱平衡紊乱、选用敏感抗生素及对症治疗等措施。57例急性结石性胆囊炎患者中36例症状缓解后选择近期择期手术治疗,21例患者症状无改善后行急诊手术。本组痊愈出院57例,术后出现并发症8例,均为急诊手术患者。结论对于急性结石性胆囊炎患者的治疗,应对外科手术治疗保持积极的心态,充分做好围手术期的准备,选择合适的手术时机和手术方式,最大程度降低并发症的发生。     

急性肺动脉栓塞15例治疗体会

目的 总结急性肺动脉栓塞的介入治疗经验,提高其疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年5月收治的15例急性肺动脉栓塞患者的临床资料,所有患者均有急性下肢深静脉血栓,先行下腔静脉滤器置入术,其后5例肺动脉主干栓塞者行肺动脉碎栓吸栓及置管溶栓,10例肺动脉分支栓塞者于髂股静脉内置入溶栓导管行外周及肺动脉同时溶栓,术后观察临床症状改善情况、并发症、Miller指数、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)与动脉血氧分压(PO2)的变化,以及肺动脉开通情况.结果 5例肺动脉主干栓塞者主干血管完全开通,症状即刻缓解,Miller指数从(0.51±0.04)降至(0.27 ±0.38),mPAP从(55.3±3.1) mmHg降至(32.7 ±2.2) mmHg,PO2从(40±3) mm Hg上升到(63±4) mm Hg,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).10例外周导管溶栓患者栓塞的分支肺动脉部分开通,髂股静脉的血栓大部分被清除,临床症状明显缓解,术后均给予溶栓、抗凝、抗血小板聚集等治疗.本组随访13例,随访3 ～12个月,平均(8±3)个月,疗效持续,未见复发.结论 急诊肺动脉介入治疗能迅速改善急性肺栓塞肺循环梗阻状况,减轻临床症状,疗效显著,安全可行.     

食管型颈椎病的手术治疗:附两例报道

一、简介 颈椎退行性变在中老年人中十分普遍,影像学检查往往提示椎体骨质增生,骨赘形成.但是这种改变大部分都没有明显的临床症状,引起局部食管压迫导致吞咽困难的十分罕见.国内第一届颈椎外科研讨会中确定其为食道型颈椎病,国际上则把其称为Forestier病[1],或者弥漫性特发性骨肥厚(diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis,DISH)[2].我们收治了两例这样的患者,手术治疗均取得了满意的疗效,特总结如下.     

Surgical treatment for abdominal actinomycosis: A report of two cases

Since actinomycosis sometimes causes an abdominal tumor which mimics malignancy, treatment strategy varies from case to case. We herein report two cases which were treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgical intervention. Both patients presented with an intra-abdominal tumor lesion mimicking malignant disease after an appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Case 1 received surgical extirpation of the abdominal tumor in the liver and kidney twice since the clinical diagnosis of actinomycosis was not made. In contrast, case 2 was successfully treated by a combination of antibiotics and laparoscopic surgery following the experience of case 1. When a high probability diagnosis can be made, a laparoscopic approach is a useful and effective option to treat this condition.     

Surgical treatment for pulmonary hydatidosis (a review of 422 cases)

OBJECTIVE: Hydatidosis in man is frequently encountered in sheep and cattle raising regions of the world. We reviewed 422 patients, treated surgically for pulmonary hydatid disease in our clinic between January 1980 and January 1998, assessing the clinical features and results of results of operative treatment management in our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 52 of the patients were female and 370 were male. The median age of the patients was 33 years (range, 11 to 66 years). The cysts were located in the right lung in 214 (50.7%) patients, the left lung in 156 (37%) and bilaterally in 17 (4%) cases. We found an intrathoracic extrapulmonary cyst in 35 (8.3%) patients. We performed enucleation and capitonnage in 202 cases, wedge resection in 40, cystotomy and capitonnage in 171, and lobectomy in 9 patients. The high-risk patients were treated with Albendazol (10 mg/kg/day), for a period of 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnosis was based primarily on chest roentgenograms and led to correct diagnosis in 347 cases (82.2%). An additional computerised tomography (CT) scan in 56 cases and magnetic resonavive imaging (MRI) were required in 15 cases. The diagnosis is established intraoperatively in 4 cases. Most (296) patients presented with a solitary lung cyst. The rest were found to have multiple cysts in one or more lobes. 87 of 422 also had cysts in the liver, 19 in the spleen, and 1 in the pancreas. The follow-up data was completed in 392 of 422 (92.8%) patients. The mean follow-up period was 4.3 years (2 to 19 years). We detected recurrence in 3 patients (0.71%). CONCLUSION: The effective treatment of hydatid cyst(s) in the lung is complete excision of the cyst(s) with maximum preservation of the lung parenchyma. Additional medical treatment with Albendazole should be carried out for high-risk group patients.