改良Duckett术正位修复尿道下裂（附42例报告）

目的：探讨改良Duckett术治疗尿道下裂的临床疗效。方法：自1998年7月～2007年12月，对42例尿道下裂患者采用横裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形加阴囊皮瓣旋转覆盖的方法，正位修复尿道下裂。结果：42例中，39例术后痊愈，2例术后7天发生尿瘘，1例发生轻度尿道外口狭窄，成功率为92．8％。均获随访，随访时间6个月～3a。随访时试行尿道扩张示F15探插顺利。结论：改良Duckett术正位修复尿道下裂，适用于阴茎阴囊型及阴囊型尿道下裂，手术成功率高，并发症少。     

游离包皮内板一期尿道成形术治疗儿童尿道下裂

目的总结采用游离包皮内板进行一期尿道成形术治疗儿童不同类型尿道下裂的疗效,为临床手术方式的选取提供依据。方法回顾分析本科室2010年2月至2012年6月对35例不同类型尿道下裂患儿采用游离包皮内板一期尿道成形术的临床资料。结果 5例患儿进行游离包皮内板一期尿道成形术后,阴茎伸直外观满意,尿道口位置正常;术后发生尿瘘1例,尿道狭窄4例,经行尿瘘修补或尿道扩张治愈,其余患者情况均良好。结论游离包皮内板一期尿道成形术是治疗各种类型的儿童尿道下裂较好的手术方式,具有手术成功率较高,阴茎外观满意,尿道狭窄、尿瘘并发症少等优点。     

应用带蒂皮瓣一期成型术治疗尿道下裂

目的:提高尿道下裂一期手术成功率。方法:根据阴茎包皮及阴囊血管走向及尿道下裂类型,选择带血管蒂皮瓣一期尿道下裂成形。结果:包皮横行岛状皮瓣法手术成功率90.9％(10/11);阴囊中隔皮瓣法手术成功率85.7％(6/7)。结论:根据阴茎、阴囊血管走向特点及阴茎伸直后龟头至原尿道口的距离选择阴茎或阴囊皮瓣,可以明显提高尿道下裂一期成型术的成功率。     

加盖带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂52例临床分析

目的探讨加盖带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术(OIF术)治疗尿道下裂的临床疗效。方法对52例尿道下裂患者进行加盖带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术,其中冠状沟型6例,阴茎体型41例,阴茎阴囊5例,新尿道采用F8～F10号硅胶尿道为支架,术后8～10d拔除尿管。结果随访6月至2年,52例中一次性手术成功37例,成功率71.2%;发生并发症16例,主要为尿瘘,尿瘘患儿术后6个月给予均给予修补并获成功;无尿道狭窄及尿道憩室,阴茎外观良好,手术前后最大尿流率及排尿时间比较,P>0.05,无统计学意义。结论加盖带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术(OIF术)治疗尿道下裂术后阴茎外形美观,特别是对中、轻度阴茎下弯,且尿道板发育良好的患者远期效果好。     

口腔黏膜尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的:探讨采用口腔黏膜尿道成形术治疗局部组织缺损的尿道下裂之临床疗效.方法:手术治疗阴茎体型尿道下裂7例.其中5例患者有手术失败史,先行一期阴茎整形术,6个月后二期行口腔黏膜尿道成形术;另2例初次手术患者行一期口腔黏膜尿道成形术.结果:随访8～36个月.5例一期痊愈,术后排尿通畅,尿线粗,术后1例出现吻合口瘘,术后半年给予尿瘘修补痊愈;1例术后出现尿道外口狭窄,定期门诊尿道扩张,2个月后排尿通畅.口腔创面黏膜光滑无疤痕形成.结论:口腔黏膜尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂,手术方法简单,效果好,术后阴茎外观美观.尤其适用于局部组织缺乏的尿道下裂患者.     

尿道下裂术后尿瘘修复术56例

目的探讨尿道下裂术后尿瘘修复的治疗方法及提高治愈率的措施。方法回顾分析总结我院2000-2007年56例尿道下裂术后尿瘘修复治疗的临床经验。结果采用Snodgrass、Duckett、Duplay、Thiersch修复大尿道瘘26例，采用结扎法、切开缝合法和Y-V皮瓣覆盖尿瘘修补法修复小尿道瘘30例。术后随访6个月～2年，一次修补成功率92．8％。结论尿道下裂术后尿瘘修复手术方法的正确选择及手术技能是提高尿道下裂术后尿瘘修复手术成功率的有效措施，应根据据尿瘘直径大小、位置、数量及局部条件，选择不同的修瘘手术方法。     

阴茎皮肤和包皮动脉的解剖及l临床应用

尿道下裂是泌尿外科先天性畸形疾病 ,发病率为3‰～ 4‰[1] ,国内外多采用包皮内板横行岛状皮瓣尿道成形术修复尿道下裂[2 ,3] ,该术式存在取材长度不足及皮瓣转移后血供差等问题 ,有 15 %～ 30 %的并发症[4 ] 。我们自 1998年至 2 0 0 0年通过对 2 0具成人男尸阴茎皮肤和包皮动脉的解剖观察 ,采用阴茎背侧纵行带蒂岛状皮瓣行尿成形术修复尿道下裂 12例 ,疗效满意。现报道如下。1　应用解剖成人男尸 2 0具 ,采用大体解剖和手术显微镜 (×10 )下解剖观察 :阴茎背浅动脉从阴茎根部的外上方进入阴茎浅筋膜 ,在阴茎浅筋膜内迂曲走行。该动脉在阴…     

阴囊纵隔皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂疗效分析

目的观察阴囊纵隔皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂的疗效。方法本组53例均采用阴囊纵隔皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂。年龄3￣17岁,中位年龄9岁;阴茎型14例(非冠状沟型),阴茎阴囊型33例,阴囊型6例。结果本组53例皮瓣全部成活,尿瘘3例,尿道憩室2例,无尿道狭窄。随访6个月至3年,阴茎勃起功能正常,排尿通畅,无毛石形成,3￣6患儿疗效更好。结论本术式有可靠的解剖学结构作基础,疗效显著,但是本术式只适用于阴茎型、阴茎阴囊型及阴囊型尿道下裂患者。     

阴囊纵隔皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂（32例）

目的评估阴囊纵隔皮瓣尿道成形术在尿道下裂修复术中的价值。方法收集1997年至2006年间阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂32例临床资料并进行分析。结果32例中27例手术成功。尿瘘5例,手术成功率84.4%。结论阴囊纵隔皮瓣尿道成形术成功率高,效果好,是治疗阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的首选方式。     

阴茎皮肤和包皮动脉的应用解剖

目的：为带蒂阴茎皮瓣修复尿道下裂提供解剖学基础。方法：对３０例成年男性阴茎的动脉分布进行解剖观察。结果：阴茎背浅动脉的一级分支集中在阴茎的近、中１／３段内，其再分支呈扇形分布于阴茎皮肤和包皮。阴茎背浅动脉的分支首先进入包皮外板，经包皮内外板交界处，返折进入内板。阴茎背浅动脉有三种配布类型：①单支分布型（３０％）；②对称分布型（４０％）；③非对称分布型（３０％）。阴茎背动脉在距阴茎冠状沟０．５～１．５ｃｍ范围内发出穿支至包皮内板。结论：用阴茎远侧皮肤和包皮作纵行带蒂岛状皮瓣具有可行性。     

尿道狭窄的外科治疗(附19例报告)

目的:探讨尿道狭窄不同外科治疗方法的选择,以期提高临床疗效.方法:手术治疗尿道狭窄19例,其中内切开术7例,经会阴尿道狭窄段切除端端吻合术6例,转移包皮瓣尿道成形术6例.结果:7例尿道狭窄内切开治疗者治愈6例(85.7%),好转1例;6例尿道狭窄段切除端端吻合治疗者全部治愈,占100%.6例转移包皮瓣治疗者全部治愈,占100%.结论:根据不同病情选用不同的手术方法有利于提高疗效.     

负压封闭引流术在四肢创伤合并大面积皮肤软组织缺损中的临床应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)技术在治疗四肢创伤合并大面积皮肤软组织缺损中的临床疗效。方法收集2009年11月至2010年11月咸阳市核工业215医院手外科收治的58例四肢创伤合并皮肤软组织缺损患者的临床资料,其中男性38例,女性20例;年龄12～72岁,平均年龄42.00岁。对其均给予彻底清创,肌腱、血管神经修复,骨折内固定或外固定后行VSD治疗,创面用VSD材料封闭,持续负压引流的方法进行治疗。结果 36例一次性治疗,局部转移皮瓣10例,岛状皮瓣移植12例。所有病例缺损创面肉芽生长良好,行皮片移植或皮瓣修复后创面均愈合,骨折全部愈合,无明显功能障碍。并发症:引流管堵塞6例,膜下积液2例。结论 VSD技术操作简便,安全有效,在治疗四肢创伤并软组织缺损中疗效显著。     

Psychosocial adaptation of middle childhood boys with hypospadias after genital surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychosocial adaptation of boys with hypospadias after genital surgery to a community sample. METHODS: Boys (6 to 10 years) with a history of hypospadias repair (n = 175) were compared with a community sample (n = 333) in a postal questionnaire survey using the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS: Few significant differences between cases and controls emerged. Boys with hypospadias were (slightly) lower in social involvement but did not perform more poorly in school. Boys with hypospadias displayed fewer externalizing behavior problems than controls, but a significant difference in nocturnal enuresis was not detected. Level of behavior problems did not differentiate hypospadias severity subgroups, but greater surgical and hospitalization experiences were associated with increased internalizing problems. Poorer cosmetic appearance of the genitals was associated with worse school performance. CONCLUSIONS: Surgically corrected hypospadias should not be considered a risk factor for poor psychosocial adaptation in childhood, but emotional problems increase with the number of hospital-related experiences.     

组织工程补片治疗尿道下裂修补后尿漏

背景：以往尿道下裂手术多选用自身组织进行修补,但Ⅰ期术后尿漏患者再次手术修补时局部可用组织较少,且应用其他组织存在操作复杂、损伤大等危险。 目的：观察组织工程补片治疗尿道下裂的效果,评价其组织相容性情况及临床疗效。 方法：2009-01/2010-10对8例尿道下裂手术后尿漏患者行组织补片Ⅰ期尿道成型术,观察修补后疗效及围手术期的组织相容性。 结果与结论：8例患者均Ⅰ期手术成功,其中1例出现轻度漏尿、给予局部涂抹生物蛋白胶后漏尿现象消失,住院期间无发热、局部水肿、皮管及皮瓣坏死等情况,随访4~6个月,患者可以站立排尿,未出现漏尿、顽固性包皮水肿等并发症。     

A high hypospadias rate in The Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Reports on increasing hypospadias trends are based on birth defect registries, which are prone to inaccuracy. We assessed the prevalence of hypospadias precisely, by prospective examination of all newborns in Rotterdam over a 2-year period. METHODS: A total of 7292 consecutive male births were examined for the presence of hypospadias, classified by severity. RESULTS: The frequency of hypospadias in newborn boys was 0.73% (53/7292). The rate among live births was 38 per 10 000, which is 6 times the previously reported rate for the Southwestern Netherlands (6.2) (P < 0.0001). This registry excludes glandular hypospadias. Without glandular cases, our rate is 26 per 10 000, which is still 4-fold higher (P < 0.0001). The ratio of minor to major hypospadias was 0.3. In 79% of cases, surgery was indicated. CONCLUSIONS: We found a 4-fold higher than expected hypospadias rate, which may be explained by case ascertainment differences. The proportion of major cases was higher than generally assumed. This study provides evidence for substantial geographical differences. Explanations for temporal and geographical differences need to be explored. To monitor hypospadias rates and trends accurately, complete case ascertainment, including standardized classification of severity, is warranted.     

自体真皮脂肪瓣移植修复唇裂凹陷畸形

背景：唇裂畸形二期修复时应用自体真皮脂肪瓣移植报道较少,但其选材及修复后效果均有明显优势。 目的：探讨自体真皮脂肪瓣移植在唇裂继发上唇凹陷畸形修复中的应用,并对修复效果进行评估分析。 方法：回顾性分析91例自体不同部位来源的真皮脂肪瓣移植修复唇裂后继发上唇不同程度凹陷的患者资料,观察上唇部红唇的外翻程度和自体真皮脂肪瓣的成活及吸收情况,查看修复后上唇部前凸效果。 结果与结论：修复后6个月随访查看真皮瓣吸收状况及前唇外翻程度,91例患者中随访76例,其中61例成活良好,效果满意,4例吸收严重,2例真皮瓣填充较多,9例上唇外翻不足,均于6个月时再次修复后取得满意效果。说明采用自体真皮脂肪瓣移植行唇裂凹陷畸形修复对于局部缺损凹陷具有良好效果。     

The Snodgrass repair: is stenting always necessary?

To evaluate the need for stenting in Snodgrass hypospadias repairs. Sixty-five boys underwent hypospadias repairs between April 1996 and July 2001. A variety of techniques were employed. Snodgrass repair was performed in 39 patients, MAGPI in 18, Glanular approximation procedures in 4, Mathieu procedures in 3 and one Duckett Onlay-flap. Seventeen patients, all Snodgrass repairs, had placement of a urethral stent for one week postoperatively. Follow-up at six weeks and one year or when toilet-trained was carried out on all patients. A Fisher's exact test was performed analysing the difference in outcome of the distal Snodgrass repairs depending on the presence or absence of a urethral stent. The patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 8-115 months, with a median of 21 months. Postoperative complications included 1 stent migration, 1 urethral diverticulum and 4 fistulas. Also in one patient part of the ventral skin flap on one side sloughed away, this was debrided and allowed to close by secondary intention. The fistula rate in the entire group is 6%, with an incidence of 10.5% in patients undergoing Snodgrass repair. In the cases having Snodgrass repair for meatal position other than mid- or proximal shaft there was no statistical difference in the incidence of fistula whether or not a stent was used. The long-term follow-up of the entire group indicates that 5 patients developed meatal narrowing, 3 in stented Snodgrass repairs, one patient who had a MAGPI and one GAP patient. Otherwise the long-term outcome of the surgery has been excellent for the entire group. We believe that stenting can be abandoned in distal repairs without compromising patient outcomes.     

尿道下裂术后再手术单中心8年随访经验

目的：随访分析我院单中心8年治疗尿道下裂术后再手术患者的经验与得失。方法：回顾性分析2007年6月至2015年12月在我院治疗的43例尿道下裂术后失败后再次手术的患者，综合考虑患者年龄、原先手术次数、尿道开口位置、再次手术方式、手术时间与术后并发症，患者随访时间3~99月(平均52.3月)。结果：患者手术年龄32~212月(平均90.6月)，20例患者原先有1次手术史、12例2次手术史、9例3次手术史、2例病患经历4次手术。在以上患者中，21例行口腔粘膜镶嵌式尿道成形术、9例行Onlay手术、13例行TIP术式成形尿道。术后尿道瘘4例、尿道狭窄3例、术后血肿1例、阴茎弯曲1例与皮瓣坏死1例，并发症发生率23.3%。结论：尿道下裂术后失败患者再次手术的策略往往取决于患者局部可利用材料多寡与原术后疤痕的严重程度，口腔黏膜镶嵌式尿道成形技术可适用于腹侧尿道重建材料缺乏的患者，但是仍需要长期随访再次手术患者的尿道顺应性与残余弯曲情况。