老年梅尼埃病(附13例报告)

目的:研究老年梅尼埃病的发病情况及其临床特征.方法:观察586例梅尼埃病患者中老年梅尼埃病的发病情况.分析患者的纯音听力、耳蜗电图、前庭双温试验及前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查结果.结果:≥60岁发生梅尼埃病的患者为13例(2.22%),在患者的首发症状中,耳蜗症状首发者占69.2%(9/13),耳聋伴眩晕者占15.4%(2/13),旋转性眩晕为首发者占7.7%(1/13),倾倒感占7.7%(1/13).首发症状按出现例数排列依次为:耳鸣、耳鸣加耳聋、耳聋加眩晕、单纯眩晕或倾倒.老年梅尼埃病患者的听力图呈现多样性,发病时可呈现为覆盆型、平坦型和高频下降为主型,其中高频下降者在病程长短的患者中均可见到.前庭功能检查结果呈现多样性.结论:老年梅尼埃病患者的听力图中,高频听力损失常较低频更为明显.-SP/AP≥0.4的阳性率较高.前庭功能检查结果同样表现为多样性,其结果正常或异常与病程无关,但首发为倾倒感的患者,前庭诱发的肌源性电位异常.     

儿童梅尼埃病

目的梅尼埃病一般认为主要以中年人发病为主,在儿童(≤15岁)中发病率均较低。本文关注儿童梅尼埃病的发病情况,研究儿童梅尼埃病的临床特征。方法观察眩晕诊疗中心2004年1月至2007年7月,共计586例梅尼埃病患者中儿童(≤15岁)梅尼埃病的发病情况,对这些患者进行纯音测听、耳蜗电图、冷热试验及前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查。结果本组梅尼埃病发病最早为3岁。儿童期首发的梅尼埃病占全部梅尼埃病患者的1.71%(10/586)。4例首发为典型梅尼埃病症状(耳蜗症状和前庭症状均具备),占40%(4/10);以耳蜗症状首发的占30%(3/10);以旋转性眩晕或倾倒感为首发者分别占20%(2/10)及10%(1/10)。儿童梅尼埃病听力图有两种类型——低频下降型和平坦型:以低频听力下降为主,共7例占70%(7/10);3例为平坦型曲线,占30%(3/10)。前庭功能检查结果正常或异常与病程无关。耳蜗电图的阳性率较高,达50%(5/10)。首发为倾倒感的患者,前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查异常。头痛和运动病是儿童梅尼埃病的一个常见主诉。结论儿童梅尼埃病的主要首发症状依次为典型梅尼埃病表现、耳蜗症状、单纯的眩晕或倾倒感。听力图多为低频下...     

梅尼埃病首发症状的临床分析

目的了解梅尼埃病患者的性别、首发的年龄、症状,并根据首发症状进行临床分类。方法回顾分析准确提供首发症状的145例梅尼埃病患者,按照耳聋和（或）耳鸣（耳蜗症状）、半规管（旋转性眩晕）和耳石器症状（倾到或平衡障碍）进行分类。结果首发症状依次为耳鸣45例、耳蜗加眩晕症状30例、眩晕28例、耳鸣加耳聋27例、听力下降9例、耳石器症状6例。累及耳蜗及前庭系统30例;累及耳蜗81例：累及半规管28例：累及耳石器6例。小于20岁和大于60岁年龄组患者数最少。男性高发年龄较女性高发年龄早10年,男性和女性在30-49岁年龄段发病例数最多。三种类型梅尼埃病临床首发症状与典型症状出现的间隔差异均较大。结论梅尼埃病耳蜗受累明显高于前庭,首发症状耳鸣最常见,其次是听力下降,再次为眩晕,倾倒的出现率最低。对不典型病例的早期诊断酌情选择纯音测听、耳蜗电图、前庭双温试验和前庭诱发的肌源性电位等检查。     

突发性聋的听力损失的前庭损害对其预后的影响

本文通过对３０例突发性聋患者行纯音听力检查及前庭功能系列检查，比较突发性耳聋听力下降程度和类型与眩晕和前庭功能检查结果的关系，前庭损害类型和程度、以及听力预后与眩晕和前庭损害的关系。得出（１）具有前庭损害的患者９１％为中、重度聋，８２％为平坦型和斜坡型听力损害。半规管麻痹者听力损害人武部为中、重度聋，图型为平坦或斜坡型。（２）冷热试验（ＣＰ）值６３％，低频谐波加速试验（ＳＨＡＴ）６６％，重心平衡仪     

突发性聋的听力损失和前庭损害对其预后的影响

本文通过对３０例突发性聋患者行纯音听力检查及前庭功能系列检查，比较突发性耳聋听力下降程度和类型与眩晕和前庭功能检查结果的关系、前庭损害类型和程度、以及听力预后与眩晕和前庭损害的关系。得出（１）具有前庭损害的患者９１％为中、重度聋，８２％为平坦型和斜坡型听力损害。半规管麻痹者听力损害全部为中、重度聋，图型为平坦或斜坡型。（２）冷热试验（ＣＰ）值６３％、低频谐波加速试验（ＳＨＡＴ）６６％、重心平衡仪试验（ＶＳＲＺ）３６％呈现异常，以ＳＨＡＴ较为敏感；（３）突聋听力预后与是否伴有眩晕、前庭损害以及损害程度有密切关系。     

梅尼埃病早期临床特征及干预效果分析

目的　分析梅尼埃病（Ménière's disease,MD）患者的临床特征,探讨早期诊断的路径;通过纵向随访评价干预的效果和治疗周期。方法　资料收集于2013年8 月～2014年8月在北京同仁医院耳科门诊入组的65例MD患者,登记标准的病史表格、量表评价和听力学检查,并依据平均纯音听阈分为临床早期组和临床中晚期组。所有入组患者均给予规范的药物治疗和生活方式指导,对满足连续随访3个月及以上的患者再次进行主观症状量表评价与听力变化趋势分析,比较治疗前后临床症状的改善情况和听力水平。结果　①首次发病症状依次为头晕26例,占40%;耳鸣22例,占34%;耳聋17例,占26%;首发症状为耳鸣和耳聋的患者共39例,占60%,从首发症状出现到确诊MD的时间为4.23年。②治疗后眩晕、耳闷堵感评分较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;耳鸣主观症状评分较治疗前下降,但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。③治疗后听力改善,平均纯音听阈降低6.36 dB HL,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;纯音听阈恢复至正常者有10例,占15%,治愈所需时间平均为（1.65±0.92）个月。结论　MD患者的首发症状表现多样,60%MD患者以耳聋或耳鸣为首发症状。MD患者的主观症状及纯音听阈均可依据规范治疗获得显著改善。     

链霉素滴定法治疗双侧梅尼埃病

双侧梅尼埃病(MD)的眩晕常有致残和治疗困难。实施手术治疗如内淋巴囊手术应两侧施行,大多数作者报告在单侧 MD 中眩晕缓解率为50～70%,Glasscock 等(1989)提出它不具有长期益处。切除手术的选择(如前庭神经切除或迷路切除术)在单侧 MD 中能较好的缓解眩晕。而双侧 MD 的症状可来自两耳,坏听力耳或较好听力耳,因此限制手术的选择。Fisch(1973)在双侧 MD 病人中施行前庭神经切除术,发现术后常引起振动幻视(oscillopsia),作者认为前庭神经切除术在较好听力耳中     

耳声发射在诊断梅尼埃病中的应用

文中按我国1997年制定的对梅尼埃病的诊断标准进行诊断后,对感音神经性听力下降一款的问题,应用耳声发射(OAE)对梅尼埃病(MD)患者的耳蜗功能进行评估.实验发现在疑为MD的患者中,尽管纯音测听正常,但OAE却出现反应幅度下降,以低频成分损失为重的特点;畸变产物耳声发射圈曲线呈上升型特征.瞬态诱发性耳声发射频谱分析显示:低频成份相关符合率小于50%,其它频率成份符合率大于70%.74%耳不能记录到自发性耳声发射.结果表明OAE可首先反映早期MD患者的耳蜗功能状况,此结论对儿童MD病的诊断更具实际意义.总之,按照标准并结合病史,准确适度地应用耳声发射测试手段,可提高MD诊断的正确性.     

梅尼埃病(MD)与听力图

通常诊断梅尼埃病（MD）是根据病史及听力学资料。有关听力图的形态文献中关注不多。该文回顾性分析501例梅尼埃病（MD）术前的纯音听力图形态。是经长期（平均6年）眼药无效的迷路下部（耳蜗、球囊发病，呈波动性感音神经性聋与耳鸣、响声难耐、复听与耳闷塞感）及上部（迷路发病的顽固性发作性眩晕与相关的前庭症状）病变者，均有完整的病史及诊断性检查，含耳镜、听力测听数据、ENG、ABR、EC。。hG、MRI及血生化检测。术前听力资料包括125、250、500、l000、200O、400O及8000HZ的纯音气导听阈及言语识别得分。以250、500及1000H…     

经鼓室钆注射内耳成像磁共振检查在梅尼埃病中的应用

目的 对梅尼埃病(Meniere's disease)患者采用经鼓膜穿刺鼓室内注入对比剂钆、内耳三维快速液体衰减反转恢复磁共振(three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging,3D-FLAIR MRI)扫描,将影像学显示的膜迷路积水情况与临床听力及前庭功能检查结果进行比较,探讨经鼓室钆注射内耳成像磁共振在梅尼埃病诊断中的应用价值.方法 32例经临床确诊的单侧梅尼埃病患者,双侧耳均经鼓膜穿刺鼓室内注入对比剂钆喷酸葡胺稀释液,24 h后行3D-FLAIR MRI和三维平衡快速梯度回波磁共振扫描,观察双侧耳蜗、前庭和半规管外淋巴间隙的增强显影,对耳蜗底转鼓阶和前庭阶分别进行评分,并对前庭外淋巴间隙显影范围进行测量.患者常规行纯音测听、冷热试验、前庭诱发肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potential,VEMP)和耳蜗电图检查.将患侧耳蜗底转前庭阶评分及前庭外淋巴间隙显影范围分别按纯音测听、冷热试验、VEMP、耳蜗电图的检查结果分组进行比较,采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果 全部患者内耳3D-FLAIR MRI均显示对比剂钆广泛分布于耳蜗、前庭和半规管的外淋巴间隙,可清晰对比显示内淋巴间隙.患侧耳蜗底转前庭阶评分值与健侧比较,差异具有统计学意义(Z=4.309,P＜0.05);患侧与健侧前庭外淋巴间隙显影范围(-x±s)分别为(6.04±2.89)mm2和(8.28±3.04) mm2,二者比较差异具有统计学意义(t =3.322,P ＜0.05).VEMP异常组患者与VEMP正常组比较,患侧前庭显影范围明显缩小,差异具有统计学意义(F=11.96,P＜0.05).耳蜗电图异常组患者与正常组比较,耳蜗底转前庭阶评分明显偏低,差异具有统计学意义(Z=3.17,P＜0.05).患侧耳蜗前庭阶评分及前庭显影范围与患者听力水平及冷热试验结果无明显相关.结论 经鼓室钆注射内耳3 D-FLAIRMRI可以区分内、外淋巴间隙的边界,显示膜迷路积水情况,可为梅尼埃病的诊断提供影像学参考.VEMP和耳蜗电图检查结果可能与前庭和耳蜗积水程度有一定相关性.     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.