小腿外侧皮瓣的应用体会

我院自2000年—2003年共对6例皮肤缺损、深部组织外露患者采用小腿外侧皮瓣修复：皮肤缺损中足背皮肤缺损3例、外踝皮肤缺损1例、头皮恶型肿瘤切除后头皮缺损1例．额面部皮肤缺损1例：采用带腓动静脉蒂小腿外侧皮瓣转移修复足背及外踝皮肤缺损3例，吻合短蒂血管游离小腿外侧皮瓣修复头皮缺损1例、修复前足皮肤缺损1例，吻合长蒂血管游离小腿外侧皮瓣修复颞面部皮肤缺损1例．     

小腿外侧皮瓣的应用体会

我院自2000年-2003年共对6例皮肤缺损、深部组织外露患者采用小腿外侧皮瓣修复;皮肤缺损中足背皮肤缺损3例、外踝皮肤缺损1例、头皮恶型肿瘤切除后头皮缺损1例、颞面部皮肤缺损1例;采用带腓动静脉蒂小腿外侧皮瓣转移修复足背及外踝皮肤缺损3例,吻合短蒂血管游离小腿外侧皮瓣修复头皮缺损1例、修复前足皮肤缺损1例,吻合长蒂血管游离小腿外侧皮瓣修复颞面部皮肤缺损1例.     

应用足背皮瓣修复毁损性创面11例

目的 探讨足背皮瓣在毁损性创面修复中的应用. 方法 应用足背皮瓣修复毁损性创面11例,其中带蒂皮瓣转移修复同侧小腿皮肤软组织缺损9例,吻合血管的游离足背皮瓣移植修复手背缺损2例(带肌腱的复合组织瓣1例). 结果 皮瓣全部成活,2例游离足背皮瓣移植修复手背软组织缺损患者术后手功能及外观良好. 结论 足背皮瓣血管解剖相对恒定,修复创面后不臃肿,是修复毁损性创面较理想的皮瓣.     

带腓动脉穿支血管蒂皮瓣修复足部创面

目的:探讨腓动脉穿支血管蒂皮瓣在修复足部创面的应用。方法:对2001年6月至2004年8月收治的5例足部皮肤组织缺损、坏死患者进行小腿外侧带腓动脉穿支血管蒂皮瓣修复手术治疗,其中足背及踝前外侧外伤撕脱缺损4例,均予急症手术治疗。冻伤致双足跟皮肤坏死、缺损1例,给予Ⅰ期切痂手术修复。结果:本组5例患者,6例皮瓣均成活。结论:应用带腓动脉穿支血管蒂皮瓣修复足背、踝前外侧及足跟皮肤缺损,对肢体血供影响小,皮蒂长度及皮瓣大小选择灵活,皮瓣成活率高。     

腓肠神经营养血管蒂皮瓣在足踝部皮肤缺损中的临床应用

目的:腓肠神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损的临床应用.方法:对15例足踝部皮肤缺损,缺损面积为3cm×5cm～10cm×21cm,部位包括前足、足背、足底、跟外侧、内外踝,均采用腓肠神经营养血管蒂皮瓣逆行转位修复.结果:15例足踝部皮肤缺损者,经行腓肠神经血管蒂皮瓣逆行修复均完全成活.讨论:腓肠神经血管蒂皮瓣是修复...     

外踝后外侧筋膜皮瓣修复足、小腿皮肤缺损疗效观察

足部皮肤撕脱缺损及小腿远1／3段皮肤缺损（骨钢板外露）在临床外伤及小腿骨折术后较常见，且该种病例解决起来有一定困难。传统交腿皮瓣常给患者带来较多痛苦，术后护理不便，皮瓣大小及位置均受到一定限制，带血管的游离皮瓣手术操作复杂，成活率相对较低，且往往找不到受区血管吻合。我院采用外踝后外侧筋膜皮瓣修复足、小腿皮肤缺损效果满意，现报告如下。     

吻合血管的游离肩胛背皮瓣修复足远端缺损1例报告

足远端缺损合并足部皮肤广泛辗挫后采用足背足底岛状皮瓣无可靠血管蒂供血，小腿皮瓣因距离较远均较难修复。足远端缺损后因局部软组织较薄，骨质外露，故游离植皮修复疗效不佳。本院对１例足远端缺损患者行吻合血管游离肩胛背皮瓣移植，随诊８个月，疗效较为满意，现报道...     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用12例

目的 探讨腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复小腿远端及踝足皮肤缺损的临床疗效.方法 应用带筋膜蒂的腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣,逆行修复踝足部及小腿软组织缺损12例,同时观察皮瓣的可切取范围、血液供应及静脉回流情况,根据营养血管在外踝与腓动脉穿支的位置,选择血管蒂的处理方案.结果 修复足背及内外踝软组织缺损7例,足趾根部软组织缺损2例,小腿远端3例.皮瓣最大切取面积17 cm×12 cm,全部存活.结论 腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣血运丰富,成活率高,手术操作简单,是修复足踝及小腿软组织的理想皮瓣.     

踝足软组织缺损的治疗

目的：探讨踝足软组织缺损的治疗方案。方法：对31例患者分别采用足底内侧皮瓣、小腿内侧皮瓣、交腿皮瓣、小腿外侧逆行皮瓣、足背动脉皮瓣、游离的阔筋膜张肌皮瓣、游离的股前外侧皮瓣、以腓肠神经伴行血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣来修复。结果：2例皮瓣出现部分坏死，其余均成活。游离的股前外侧皮瓣和足底内侧皮瓣有较好的感觉和耐磨性，余皮瓣较臃肿或容易滑动，交腿皮瓣易出现血运差、皮温冷、易溃疡。结论：皮瓣修复踝足软组织缺损是有效的治疗法，但选择皮瓣种类应谨慎。     

带腓动脉蒂小腿外侧皮瓣转移的临床应用观察

目的探讨带腓动脉蒂小腿外侧皮瓣的临床应用和效果。方法对12例小腿和足部软组织缺损的患者采用带腓动脉蒂的小腿外侧皮瓣转移修复。结果12例患者皮瓣成活11例,随访1～3年,皮瓣质地柔软,感觉良好。结论带腓动脉蒂的小腿外侧皮瓣转移术是修复邻近创面的有效方法,手术适应证广泛,勿需吻合血管,安全可靠。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.