Bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block versus wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia in lumbar spinal fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose

Both erector spinae plane block and wound infiltration are used to improve analgesia following spinal fusion surgery. Herein, we compared the analgesic effect of bilateral erector spinae plane block with wound infiltration in this patient population.

Methods

In this randomized trial, 60 patients scheduled for elective open posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery were randomized to receive either ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane block before incision (n = 30) or wound infiltration at the end of surgery (n = 30). Both groups received standardized general anesthesia and postoperative analgesia, including patient-controlled analgesia with sufentanil and no background infusion. Opioid consumption and pain intensity were assessed at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. The primary outcome was cumulative opioid consumption within 24 h after surgery.

Results

All 60 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The equivalent dose of sufentanil consumption within 24 h was significantly lower in patients given erector spinae plane block (median 11 μg, interquartile range 5–16) than in those given wound infiltration (20 μg, 10 to 43; median difference − 10 μg, 95% CI − 18 to − 3, P = 0.007). The cumulative number of demanded PCA boluses was significantly lower with erector spinae plane block at 6 h (median difference − 2, 95% CI − 3 to 0, P = 0.006), 12 h (− 3, 95% CI − 6 to − 1, P = 0.002), and 24 h (− 5, 95% CI − 8 to − 2, P = 0.005) postoperatively. The proportion given rescue analgesia was also significantly lower in patients given erector spinae plane block group within 48 h (relative risk 0.27, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.96, P = 0.037). There were no statistical differences in pain intensity at any timepoints between groups. No procedure-related adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

Compared with wound infiltration, bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block decreases short-term opioid consumption while providing similar analgesia in patients following lumbar spinal fusion surgery.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100053008.

     

Bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion: A randomized controlled trial

Study objectiveSpinal fusion surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain. We examined whether bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block could alleviate postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion.DesignBlinded, randomized, controlled study.SettingTertiary university hospital, operating room, postoperative recovery room and ward.PatientsSixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II scheduled for lumbar spinal fusion surgery were randomized into the erector spinae plane block group (ESPB group) and the control group in a 1:1 ratio.InterventionsPre-operative ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane block was performed in the ESPB group, while sham subcutaneous infiltration was performed in the control group.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was pain intensity at rest within 12 h postoperatively using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Secondary outcomes included NRS pain scores at rest and on movement, postoperative opioid consumption and proportions of patients requiring opioid during the first 48 h after surgery.Main resultsThe ESPB group (n = 30) showed significantly lower pain scores at rest at 4 h after surgery (estimated mean difference − 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.4 to −0.8, p < 0.001), at 8 h (−1.3, 95% CI -1.9 to −0.6, p < 0.001), and at 12 h (−0.7, 95% CI -1.3 to −0.1, p = 0.023). The two groups showed similar pain scores at rest at 24 h after surgery (estimated mean difference − 0.2, 95% CI -0.8 to 0.5) and 48 h (−0.3, 95% CI -0.8 to 0.2). The ESPB group also showed significantly lower pain score on movement at 4 h after surgery (−1.5, 95% CI -2.5 to −0.6). The ESPB group showed a significantly smaller proportion of patients requiring sufentanil within 12 h after surgery (p = 0.020), and the group consumed significantly less sufentanil during that period (p = 0.042).ConclusionsBilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block improves postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion.     

Impact of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on postoperative quality of recovery in video-assisted thoracic surgery: A prospective,randomized, controlled trial

Study objectiveRegional anesthesia improves postoperative analgesia and enhances the quality of recovery (QoR) after surgery. We examine the efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on QoR after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).DesignProspective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.SettingSingle institution, tertiary university hospital.PatientsAdult patients who scheduled for VATS under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study.InterventionsWe randomly allocated patients to receive preoperative ultrasound-guided ESPB with 25 ml of either 0.5% ropivacaine (ESPB group) or normal saline (Control group).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was QoR as measured by the 40-item QoR questionnaire (QoR-40) score at postoperative day 1. Secondary results were post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time, acute postoperative pain, cumulative opioid consumption, the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting (PONV), and patient satisfaction.Main resultsThe global QoR-40 score at postoperative day 1 (median, interquartile range) was significantly higher in the ESPB group (174, 170 to 177) than the control group (161.5, 160 to 165), estimated median difference 11 (95% CI 9 to 13, P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, single-injection of ESPB reduced PACU discharge time, acute postoperative pain, and cumulative opioid consumption. Correspondingly, the median patient satisfaction scores were higher in the ESPB group than the control group (9 versus 7, P < 0.001).ConclusionPreoperative single-injection thoracic ESPB with ropivacaine improves QoR, postoperative analgesia, and patient satisfaction after VATS.     

Pectoserratus plane block versus erector spinae plane block for postoperative opioid consumption and acute and chronic pain after breast cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Study objectiveBreast cancer is quite common in women, and surgery is the most effective treatment in most cases. This study compared the effects of ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and pectoserratus plane block (PSPB) on the postoperative opioid consumption and acute and chronic pain in patients after breast cancer surgery.DesignProspective, randomized, single-blind.SettingUniversity hospital.PatientsThis study included 90 patients (ASA I-II) who underwent segmental mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy at the hospital of Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun.InterventionsThe patients were divided into the ESPB group, PSPB group, and control group. Intraoperatively, all patients were administered intravenous tenoxicam (20 mg) and paracetamol (1 g) as part of multimodal analgesia. Intravenous morphine via patient-controlled analgesia was administered in all groups postoperatively.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the total morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes included visual analog scale pain scores of the arm at rest and at abduction in the first 24 h and at 3 months postoperatively, intraoperative remifentanil consumption, number of patients requesting rescue analgesia, incidence of nausea and vomiting, time to the first request for analgesia via patient-controlled analgesia.Main resultsPostoperative 24-h morphine consumption, visual analog scale scores at rest and at abduction, and intraoperative remifentanil consumption were lower in the ESPB and PSPB groups than in the control group. Time to the first request for analgesia via patient controlled analgesia was longer in the ESPB and PSPB groups than in the control group. In the PSPB group, none of the patients needed rescue analgesia.ConclusionsUS-guided ESPB and PSPB performed in patients who underwent breast cancer surgery showed similar and modest analgesic effects on the postoperative opioid consumption and acute and chronic pain scores.     

竖脊肌平面阻滞对腰椎后路手术患者术后早期康复的影响

目的评价超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spine plane block,ESPB)对腰椎后路手术患者术后早期康复的影响。方法择期全麻下行腰椎手术的患者65例,年龄45~65岁,性别不限,ASA分级I或Ⅱ级,体质量指数(BMI)18.5~28.0 kg/m 2,采用随机数字表法分为超声引导竖脊肌平面阻滞组(ESPB组,32例)和对照组(GA组,33例)。2组均采用静-吸复合麻醉,术后采用舒芬太尼行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。ESPB组全麻诱导前于俯卧位行竖脊肌平面阻滞。当VAS评分≥4分时,肌内注射曲马多补救镇痛。分别于术前1 d,术后第1天、2天时,采用QoR-15量表评估患者恢复质量。记录术后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的VAS评分,术后48 h内PCIA舒芬太尼用量、补救镇痛情况和恶心及呕吐发生情况。结果与GA组相比,ESPB组术后第1天、2天时QoR-15评分升高,术后1 h、6 h和12 h VAS评分降低,PCIA舒芬太尼用量减少,补救镇痛率和术后恶心呕吐发生率降低。以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导竖脊肌平面阻滞可促进腰椎后路手术患者术后早期康复。     

A randomised trial of bilateral erector spinae plane block vs. no block for thoracolumbar decompressive spinal surgery

Major spinal surgery causes significant postoperative pain. We tested the efficacy and safety of bilateral erector spinae block on quality of recovery and pain after thoracolumbar decompression. We randomly allocated 60 adults to standard care or erector spinae block. Erector spinae block improved the mean (SD) quality of recovery-15 score at 24 postoperative hours, from 119 (20) to 132 (14), an increase (95%CI) of 13 (4–22), p = 0.0044. Median (IQR [range]) comprehensive complication index was 1 (0–3 [0–5]) in the control group vs. 1 (0–1 [0–4]) after block, p = 0.4. Erector spinae block reduced mean (SD) area under the curve pain during the first 24 postoperative hours: at rest, from 78 (49) to 50 (39), p = 0.018; and on sitting, from 125 (51) to 91 (50), p = 0.009. The cumulative mean (SD) oxycodone consumption to 24 h was 27 (18) mg in the control group and 19 (26) mg after block, p = 0.20. In conclusion, erector spinae block improved recovery and reduced pain for 24 h after thoracolumbar decompression surgery.     

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后肺功能的影响

目的观察超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block, ESPB)对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后肺功能的影响。方法选择择期全麻下行胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者130例,男65例,女65例,年龄40～75岁,BMI 18～25 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为ESPB组(E组)和对照组(C组),每组65例。E组于术毕即刻行手术侧超声引导下ESPB,在竖脊肌深面注入0.375%罗哌卡因25 ml。C组不行神经阻滞。两组术后均行PCIA。记录麻醉诱导前(T_0)、术后拔除气管导管后(T_1)、拔除胸腔引流管后(T_2)的一秒种用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、用力肺活量(FVC)和最高呼气流速变异率(PEFR),记录T_1、T_2时术后限制性通气障碍、阻塞性通气障碍、混合型通气障碍的发生情况和Prince-Henry疼痛评分。记录PCIA泵有效按压次数(D_1)、实际按压次数(D_2)和术后补救镇痛次数。记录术后恶心呕吐(PONV)、呼吸困难等发生情况;记录拔气管导管时间(拔管时间)、胸腔引流管留置时间、住院时间。结果 T_1时E组FVC、PEFR明显高于C组(P0.05),术后限制性通气障碍、阻塞性通气障碍、混合型通气障碍发生率和Prince-Henry评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。T_2时E组FEV1、FVC、PEFR明显高于C组(P0.05),Prince-Henry评分明显低于C组(P0.05)。E组D_2明显少于C组(P0.05),补救镇痛次数明显低于C组(P0.05)。E组PONV、呼吸困难等并发症发生率明显低于C组(P0.05),胸腔引流管留置时间、住院时间明显短于C组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下ESPB明显改善胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后肺功能,降低并发症,可能与充分的术后镇痛作用有关。     

Effects of preoperative ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block on pain after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background

Although laparoscopic colorectal surgery decreases postoperative pain and facilitates a speedier recovery compared with laparotomy, postoperative pain at trocar insertion sites remains a clinical concern. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a preoperative ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on pain after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods

In total, 58 patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery following a diagnosis of colorectal cancer were included in this study. The patients were randomized into TAP and control groups; the TAP group patients received a preoperative ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block with 0.5 mL/kg of 0.25 % bupivacaine, while the control patients received the block with an equal amount of saline. Pain on coughing and at rest was assessed during postanesthetic recovery (PAR; 1 h after surgery) and on postoperative days (PODs) 1 (24 h), 2 (48 h), and 3 (72 h) by an investigator blinded to group allocations using the numeric rating scale (NRS). The primary outcome was pain on coughing on postoperative day (POD) 1.

Results

Fifty-five patients were included in the final analysis, including 28 in the TAP and 27 in the control groups. The pain intensity on coughing and at rest during PAR and on PODs 1, 2, and 3 showed no significant differences between groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in postoperative opioid consumption, sedation scores, nausea scores at the four time points, complication rates, and length of hospital stay between groups.

Conclusions

In colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery, a TAP block did not offer enough benefit for clinical efficacy in terms of postoperative pain or analgesic consumption.

     

双侧竖脊肌平面阻滞在胸腰椎手术中的应用

目的 探究双侧竖脊肌平面阻滞在胸腰椎手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年1月—2020年6月接受胸腰椎手术的60例患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组（n=30）和观察组（n=30）。对照组予以全身麻醉，观察组在对照组基础上联合双侧竖脊肌平面阻滞。记录2组患者手术时间、阻滞所需时间、术后气管拔管时间、睁眼时间、麻醉苏醒期躁动发生率及术后麻醉相关并发症发生情况；比较2组患者麻醉恢复情况，术后镇痛情况，包括疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、首次静脉自控镇痛泵（PCIA）按压时间、PCIA按压次数、补救性镇痛给药次数，以及2组患者麻醉诱导前（T₀）、气管插管时（T₁）、手术结束时（T₂）、气管拔管时（T₃）的血流动力学指标，包括收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）。结果 观察组睁眼时间多于对照组，麻醉苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；2组手术时间、术后气管拔管时间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。观察组术后VAS评分、PCIA按压次数、补救性镇痛给药次数低于对照组，首次PCIA按压时间多于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。观察组患者T₁、T₂、T₃时间点的SBP、DBP、HR低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2组麻醉相关并发症差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 双侧竖脊肌平面阻滞应用于胸腰椎手术有助于维持患者术中血流动力学稳定，减少患者麻醉苏醒期躁动的发生，并提升术后镇痛效果。     

超声引导下双侧竖脊肌平面阻滞对后路腰椎融合术后镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨超声引导下双侧竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block, ESPB)用于后路腰椎融合术后镇痛的效果。方法选择2018年7—11月择期行后路腰椎融合术的患者40例,男27例,女13例,年龄18～75岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按照随机数字表法将患者分为ESPB组(研究组)和对照组,每组20例。研究组在全身麻醉诱导前行双侧L_4水平的ESPB,双侧分别推注0.4%罗哌卡因20 ml,注药后20 min使用针刺痛觉评估法监测感觉阻滞平面。两组患者均接受全身麻醉,术后镇痛方案为舒芬太尼PCIA。记录术后1、6、12、24、36和48 h的舒芬太尼累积用量、静息VAS疼痛评分、补救镇痛情况和术后住院时间等;相关不良反应(恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制)以及阻滞相关并发症(穿刺部位感染、血肿、局麻药中毒)。结果术后1、6、12、24、36和48 h,研究组静息VAS疼痛评分和舒芬太尼累积用量均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组补救镇痛、术后不良反应发生率及术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。研究组未出现穿刺部位感染、血肿和局麻药中毒等并发症。结论超声引导下双侧ESPB可有效提高后路腰椎融合术患者术后镇痛的效果。     

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy: A randomized,placebo-controlled trial

Study objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block on postoperative pain in radical prostatectomy, which leads to both visceral and somatic pain.DesignProspective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded.SettingUniversity hospital.PatientsA total of ASA I-III, 50 patients aged 18–65 who were scheduled for elective open radical prostatectomy surgery.InterventionsPatients were randomly allocated to receive an ultrasound-guided ESP block, with either local anesthetic (10 mL of 1% lidocaine +10 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine) or placebo bilaterally.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes were NRS pain scores at rest and coughing, intraoperative remifentanil consumption and need for rescue analgesic during the first 24 h after surgery.Main resultsBoth NRS scores for post-anesthesia care unit and NRS_rest scores for 1st hours were lower in Group ESPB (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). Cumulative morphine consumption at 24 h post-surgery was similar between the groups (p = 0.447). Rescue analgesic requirement was higher in the placebo injection group than in the ESPB group at the 1st postoperative hour (p = 0.002).ConclusionsIn open radical prostatectomies, except for the first hour, ESP block is ineffective for pain scores and on morphine consumption compared to the placebo injection group in the postoperative period.     

The effect of erector spinae plane block on postoperative analgesia and respiratory function in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Study objectiveLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) causes moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is one of the leading contributors to respiratory dysfunction following surgery. This study investigated the effect of erector spinae plane (ESP) block on postoperative analgesia and respiratory function in patients undergoing LC.DesignProspective, randomized, controlled trial.SettingUniversity of Health Science.PatientsSixty-eight adult patients undergoing LC.InterventionsBoth groups received a standardized analgesia protocol. Patients assigned to the ESP block group received an additional bilateral ESP block.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was assessed as postoperative pain intensity associated with a lower opioid requirement and significant respiratory function improvement.Main resultsNumerical rating scale (NRS) scores both at rest and during coughing were significantly lower in the ESP block group than in the control group at all time intervals (p < 0.001 in each) except for hour 2 postoperatively (p = 0.06 and p = 0.13, respectively). Tramadol consumption at 2 h and 24 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the ESP block group than in the controls (p < 0.001 for each). There was significant preservation in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in the ESP group in comparison to the control group at 2 and 24 h after surgery (p < 0.05 in each). FEV₁/FVC and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values were similar in each time interval.ConclusionsBilateral ESP blocks provides adequate analgesia, allowing for a lower opioid requirement and significant respiratory function improvement after LC; therefore, we concluded that ESP block could be added to the multimodal analgesia protocol in LC.     

Efficacy of erector spinae plane block for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: Results of a double-blind,prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial

Study objectiveTo investigate if an erector spinae plane (ESP) block decreases postoperative opioid consumption, pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS).DesignA single-center, double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.SettingPostoperative period; operating room, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital ward in a university hospital.PatientsSeventy-two patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic MIMVS via right-sided mini-thoracotomy and enrolled in the institutional enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery program.InterventionsAt the end of surgery, all patients received an ESP catheter at vertebra T5 under ultrasound guidance and were randomized to the administration of either ropivacaine 0.5% (loading of dose 30 ml and three additional doses of 20 ml with a 6 h interval) or normal saline 0.9% (with an identical administration scheme). In addition, patients received multimodal postoperative analgesia including dexamethasone, acetaminophen and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine. Following the final ESP bolus and before catheter removal, the position of the catheter was re-evaluated by ultrasound. Patients, investigators and medical personnel were blinded for the group allocation during the entire trial.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was cumulative morphine consumption during the first 24 h after extubation. Secondary outcomes included severity of pain, presence/extent of sensory block, duration of postoperative ventilation and hospital length of stay. Safety outcomes comprised the incidence of adverse events.Main resultsMedian (IQR) 24-h morphine consumption was not different between the intervention- and control-group, 41 mg (30–55) versus 37 mg (29–50) (p = 0.70), respectively. Likewise, no differences were detected for secondary and safety endpoints.ConclusionsFollowing MIMVS, adding an ESP block to a standard multimodal analgesia regimen did not reduce opioid consumption and pain scores.     

The effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block,single-injection erector spinae plane block and multiple-injection paravertebral block on postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized,double-blinded,clinical trial

Study objectiveThe study was to determine the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and single-injection erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in comparison with multiple-injection paravertebral block (PVB) after thoracoscopic surgery.DesignRandomized, controlled, double- blinded study.SettingOperating room, postoperative recovery room and ward.PatientsSeventy-five patients, aged 18–75 years, ASA I–II and scheduled for elective thoracoscopic partial pulmonary resection surgery were enrolled in the study. Seventy-two patients were left for final analysis.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned into the three groups (PVB group, ICNB group or ESPB group). After anesthesia induction, a single anesthesiologist performed PVB at T5-T7 levels or ICNB at T4-T9 levels or ESPB at T5 level under ultrasound guidance using 20 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine. Patients were connected to the patient-controlled morphine analgesia device after surgery.MeasurementsCumulative morphine consumption at 24 h postoperatively as primary outcome was compared. Visual analog scale pain scores at rest and while coughing at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h postoperatively, cumulative morphine consumption at other observed time and rescue analgesia requirement were also recorded.Main resultsThere was a significant difference in median [interquartile range, IQR] morphine consumption at 24 h postoperatively among the three groups (PVB, 10.5 [9–15] mg; ICNB, 18 [13.5–22.1] mg; ESPB, 22 [15–25.1] mg; p = 0.000). This difference was statistically significant for PVB group vs ESPB group (median difference, −7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], −12 to −4.5; p = 0.000) and PVB group vs ICNB group (median difference, −6; 95% CI, −9 to −3; p = 0.001), but not for ICNB vs ESPB (median difference, −3; 95% CI, −6 to 1.5; p = 0.192). PVB group had significantly lower VAS scores at rest and while coughing than ESPB group at 0, 2, 4, 8 h postoperatively and than ICNB group at 8 h postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the VAS scores between ICNB group and ESPB group at all time. Median VAS scores at rest and while coughing at all time were low (<4) in all groups. More rescue analgesia was needed in ESPB group during 48 postoperative hours (PVB vs ICNB vs ESPB; 13% vs 29% vs 46%; p < 0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound-guided multiple-injection PVB provided superior analgesia to ICNB and single-injection ESPB, while ICNB and single-injection ESPB were equally effective in reducing pain after thoracoscopic surgery.     

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞联合静脉镇痛用于肝叶切除术患者的效果

目的观察超声引导下单次竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block,ESPB)联合静脉镇痛用于肝叶切除术患者的效果。方法择期肝叶切除术患者90例,男63例,女27例,年龄30～65岁,BMI 20～29 kg/m~2, ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为三组:单次ESPB联合静脉镇痛组(EP组)、硬膜外镇痛组(EA组)、单纯自控静脉镇痛组(IA组),每组30例。三组患者均采用全身麻醉。EP组于麻醉诱导前行0.33%罗哌卡因30 ml+地塞米松5 mg单次ESPB。EA组患者于麻醉诱导前行T_(10～11)间隙穿刺置入硬膜外导管,术毕硬膜外镇痛。EP组和IA组术毕使用静脉镇痛泵。记录ESPB的阻滞平面和术后2、6、12、24和48 h的静息和咳嗽时VAS评分;记录镇痛泵按压次数、追加曲马多例数;记录皮肤瘙痒、恶心呕吐、尿潴留、胸闷等不良反应发生情况和ESPB相关并发症;记录患者对术后镇痛的满意度评分。结果 EP组痛觉阻滞范围,T_5—T_(12)脊神经支配区域16例,T_4—T_(11)脊神经支配区域11例,T_6—L_1脊神经支配区域3例。术后2、6、12、24和48 h EP组和EA组静息和咳嗽时VAS评分明显低于IA组(P0.05)。EP组和EA组镇痛泵按压次数和追加曲马多例数明显少于IA组(P0.05)。三组均未出现呼吸抑制不良反应。EP组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于IA组(P0.05),EA组皮肤瘙痒和尿潴留发生率明显高于IA组(P0.05)。EP组和EA组患者对术后镇痛效果的总体满意度评分明显高于IA组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞联合患者自控静脉镇痛技术用于肝叶切除术后镇痛能够获得硬膜外镇痛的效果,且不良反应发生率低,患者满意度更高。     

竖脊肌平面阻滞在脊柱手术中的临床应用进展

脊柱的椎体和椎旁肌受脊神经背侧支支配。超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)是将局麻药注射至竖脊肌深面与椎体横突之间,理论上可阻滞脊神经背侧支,可安全有效地用于脊柱手术围术期镇痛。与脊柱手术中的其他阻滞方式比较,ESPB具有较大镇痛优势,且并发症少。本文主要就ESPB的解剖学基础、操作方法、在各种脊柱手术中的应用及其可能引起的并发症等内容作一综述,为ESPB的临床应用提供参考。     

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞对多发肋骨骨折患者术后早期呼吸功能的影响

目的：探讨超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）对多发肋骨骨折（MRFs）患者术后早期呼吸功能和炎性因子的影响。
方法：选择2019年2月至2021年12月择期行多发肋骨骨折手术患者58例,男42例,女16例,年龄18～64岁,BMI 18.5～30.0 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：ESPB联合全身麻醉组（E组）和单纯全身麻醉组（G组）,每组29例。E组于麻醉诱导后在侧卧位下实施超声引导下ESPB,给予0.5%罗哌卡因0.4 ml/kg。记录麻醉诱导前、出PACU时、术后24、48 h的用力肺活量（FVC）、动脉血气分析、静息和咳嗽时VAS疼痛评分。记录术后0～24 h、24～48 h的PCIA有效按压次数和补救镇痛情况。记录麻醉诱导前、术后24、48 h的IL-6和TNF-α浓度。
结果：与G组比较,E组出PACU时、术后24、48 h的FVC明显增大（P<0.05）,PaCO₂、静息和咳嗽时VAS疼痛评分明显降低（P<0.05）。与G组比较,E组术后0～24 h、24～48 h的PCIA有效按压次数和补救镇痛率明显降低（P<0.05）。与G组比较,E组术后24、48 h的IL-6和TNF-α浓度明显降低（P<0.05）。
结论：超声引导下ESPB可为MRFs患者提供良好的术后镇痛,促进术后早期呼吸功能的恢复。