单侧双通道内窥镜技术与经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗单节段腰椎椎间盘突出症的早期疗效比较

目的 对比单侧双通道内窥镜（UBE）技术与经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PELD）治疗单节段腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年10月—2021年4月接受手术治疗的77例单节段LDH患者临床资料,其中采用UBE技术治疗30例（UBE组）,采用PELD治疗47例（PELD组）。记录2组手术时间、术中出血量、透视次数、住院时间及并发症发生情况。术前及术后1、3、6、12个月和末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分评估腰腿痛程度,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评估腰椎功能。末次随访时采用改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效。结果 所有手术顺利完成,患者随访> 12个月。UBE组手术时间长于PELD组,术中出血量、透视次数少于PELD组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2组患者术后腰腿痛VAS评分及ODI较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。UBE组术后1、3、6个月的腰痛VAS评分高于PELD组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。2组术后各随访时间点腿痛VAS评分、ODI组间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。末次随访时按照改良MacNab标准,UBE组疗效优良率为90.0%,PELD组为89.4%,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。UBE组发生术中硬膜撕裂2例,术后复发2例;PELD术后复发1例。 结论 UBE和PELD治疗单节段LDH均可获得良好的早期临床疗效,各有优势,UBE适应证更广泛,学习曲线平缓;PELD创伤更小,患者术后早期腰痛程度更轻。     

经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗双节段腰椎椎间盘突出症的临床疗效与安全性

目的 评估经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术（PELD）治疗双节段腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床疗效与安全性。方法 2017年8月—2022年3月,海军军医大学长征医院采用PELD治疗双节段LDH患者40例（双节段组）,并按照年龄、性别和手术节段匹配同期采用PELD治疗的单节段LDH患者80例（单节段组）。比较2组手术时间、术中透视次数、住院时间、并发症发生情况、疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）及临床疗效。结果 双节段组手术时间和术中透视次数高于单节段组,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;2组术后各随访时间点VAS评分、ODI较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;组间差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。根据改良MacNab标准,双节段组和单节段组末次随访时疗效优良率分别为87.5%和85.0%。2组并发症发生率、复发率、再手术率差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。2组均无腰椎不稳、术中神经根损伤或术后血肿/感染等并发症发生。结论 PELD治疗双节段LDH疗效确切,且不会影响术后脊柱稳定性或增加术后复发风险。     

基于区域定位靶点穿刺的经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症对腰椎稳定性的影响

目的 评价基于区域定位靶点穿刺的经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术（PETD）治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症（LDH）对腰椎稳定性的影响。方法 2019年1月—2022年6月收治L4,5 LDH患者70例,30例采用基于区域定位靶点穿刺的PETD治疗（PETD组）,40例采用后路椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗（对照组）。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）及改良MacNab标准评估疗效。根据影像学和临床腰椎不稳标准综合评估腰椎不稳发生率。结果 所有手术均顺利完成,所有患者随访1年以上。2组术后各随访时间点VAS评分、ODI较术前明显改善,且PETD组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。术后1年采用改良MacNab标准评定疗效,PETD组优28例、良1例、可1例,优良率为96.67%;对照组优30例、良4例、可5例、差1例,优良率为85.00%。结合影像学和临床腰椎不稳标准,PETD组腰椎不稳发生率为3.33%(1例),对照组为10.00%(4例)。结论 采用基于区域定位靶点穿刺的PETD治疗LDH疗效显著,对脊柱的生物力学结构破坏小,能够最大...     

经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术与椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗青少年腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的　比较经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术(PELD)与椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗青少年腰椎椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月—2016年12月,海军军医大学附属长征医院收治青少年LDH患者82例,其中40例(A组)采用PELD治疗,42例(B组)采用椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、咬骨体积,以及术前、术后1个月和末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)。结果所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访12个月。A组手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间及咬骨体积均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。2组患者术后VAS评分和ODI均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);组间比较术后VAS评分和ODI,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。末次随访时MacNab疗效评定优良率A组为92.50%(37/40),B组为90.48%(38/42),差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组并发症发生率为5.0%(2/40),B组为7.1%(3/42),差异无统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论 PELD可取得与传统椎板开窗椎间盘切除术相近的临床疗效,且可降低出血量,减少骨性结构破坏,缩短患者术后卧床及康复时间,是较为理想的治疗青少年LDH的微创方法。     

腰椎椎间盘突出症经椎板间和经椎间孔入路内镜治疗的比较研究

目的 探讨经皮内镜治疗L5/S1腰椎椎间盘突出症的入路选择。 方法 2011年8月~2012年8月符合入选条件的68例L5/S1腰椎椎间盘突出患者按入院奇偶顺序分成2组,椎板间入路组34例,椎间孔入路组34例。对2种手术入路的手术时间、透视次数、术中患者耐受情况、患者疗效满意度、术后残余症状、并发症及术前术后疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分进行比较。 结果 椎板间入路组有4例术中改为椎间孔入路,椎间孔入路组有7例改为椎板间入路,经椎板间入路和椎间孔入路手术时间分别是（50.2±7.0）min、（61.9±9.6）min（P＜0.05）,术中透视次数分别为5.4±2.3次、10.3±2.5次（P＜0.05）,2种入路治疗后腿痛术后即刻及术后3个月VAS评分与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。改良MacNab标准评定2组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 经皮内镜下治疗L5/S1腰椎椎间盘突出症经椎板间或经椎间孔入路治疗各有特点,且均能取得优良的临床疗效,但需针对患者的解剖情况、影像定位及临床表型选择适宜的个体化手术入路。     

PELD在单节段脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症治疗体会

目的 探讨经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术（PELD）在单节段脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者治疗中的效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年7月至2022年7月在本院行PTED治疗的LDH患者共82例，男46例，女36例；年龄（44.90±5.04）岁；损伤节段L3/4共22例，L4/5共51例，L5/S1共9例；Lee分型：Ⅰ型11例，Ⅱ型18例，Ⅲ型43例，Ⅳ型10例。采用椎间孔侧入路34例，椎板间入路6例。观察围手术期相关指标，比较术前、术后1个月疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、治疗效果。结果 82例患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间（60.03±7.04） min；出血量均少于18 mL。椎间孔侧入路患者并发2例椎间隙感染，椎板间入路并发2例症状残留。术后1个月，患者的VAS与ODI评分都显著降低（P<0.01）。术后6个月，按MacNab标准评定疗效，其中优72例、良6例、尚可4例，计算优良率是95.12%。结论PTED治疗单节段脱垂型LDH的疗效明显，可有效减轻患者的疼痛，改善腰椎功能。     

巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症的微创外科治疗

目的探讨巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症微创手术策略。方法 2007年1月～2010年10月,对86例巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症患者采用微创外科手术治疗。其中,椎间孔内镜椎间盘切除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)28例,显微内镜椎间盘切除术(microendoscopic discectomy,MED)35例,微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,miTLIF)23例。术前与术后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分和改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果 3种微创术式均能显著改善患肢放射性疼痛VAS评分。术后优良率都在85%以上。PELD术适于年轻人巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症;MED术适于巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症伴椎管狭窄;miTLIF术适于伴有腰椎退行性失稳或伴有马尾综合征或术后复发的巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症。结论临床上应依据巨大型腰椎椎间盘突出症的不同类型,选择不同微创外科术式。     

改良经椎板间入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗L5/S1节段腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的　探讨改良经椎板间入路经皮内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(PEID)治疗L₅/S₁节段腰椎椎间盘突出症(LDH)的可行性、安全性及临床疗效。方法 2018年4月—2020年1月,采用改良PEID治疗L₅/S₁节段LDH患者35例,记录术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后1、6、12个月时采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估术后疼痛程度及腰椎功能改善情况,末次随访时采用改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效。结果 所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访时间超过12个月。术中出血量为5 ～ 20(12.6±3.2)mL,手术时间为39 ～ 89(67.1±11.3)min,住院时间为2 ～ 5(3.1±0.7)d。术后各随访时间点VAS评分、JOA评分和ODI较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。根据改良MacNab标准,末次随访时疗效优25例、良7例、可2例、差1例,优良率为91.4%。所有患者未见神经根损伤及硬...     

椎间孔入路经皮内镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果

目的探讨椎间孔入路经皮内镜椎间盘切除术(PELD)治疗L_5～S_1椎间盘突出症(LDH)的效果。方法回顾性分析2018-02—2019-03间郏县第二人民医院收治的41例L_5～S_1 LDH患者资料。全部患者均采取椎间孔入路PELD治疗。记录手术时间、C形臂X线机透视次数、住院时间,以及术前、术后3个月的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分。结果 41例患者均顺利完成椎间孔入路PELD手术。手术时间(65.14±14.73)min,术中C形臂X线机透视次数(6.16±1.28)次,住院时间(4.72±1.35)d。术前的VAS、ODI评分分别为(6.93±1.37)分、(34.74±3.08)分,术后3个月分别为(2.24±0.98)分、(15.61±1.76)分。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论椎间孔入路PELD治疗L_5～S_1 LDH,手术时间短,术中c形臂X线机透视次数少,有利于缓解患者的疼痛和腰椎功能的改善。     

经皮椎间孔镜靶向穿刺技术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的探讨靶向穿刺经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症的安全性和有效性。方法 2011年5月～2012年2月58例单节段腰椎椎间盘突出症患者,局麻后影像学监视下行靶向穿刺,经皮椎间孔镜下行髓核摘除、直接减压手术。采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestrydisability index,ODI)和MacNab标准评估手术疗效。结果患者术后平均随访18.5个月,术后各时间点腰腿痛VAS评分较术前均明显降低(P<0.01);术后12个月,ODI由术前平均72.4%降至平均19.7%(P<0.01),按MacNab标准评定疗效优良率93.1%。结论经皮椎间孔镜靶向穿刺技术治疗腰椎椎间盘突出症创伤小,并发症少,术后恢复快,近期疗效可靠,靶向穿刺是手术成功的首要前提和重要步骤。     

Ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus block through the acoustic window of the lumbar ultrasound trident

Lumbar plexus block (LPB) is frequently used in combinationwith an ipsilateral sacral plexus or sciatic nerve block forlower limb surgery. This is traditionally performed using surfaceanatomical landmarks, and the site for local anaesthetic injectionis confirmed by observing quadriceps muscle contraction to peripheralnerve stimulation. In this report, we describe a technique ofultrasound-guided LPB that was successfully used, in conjunctionwith a sciatic nerve block, for anaesthesia during emergencylower limb surgery. The anatomy, sonographic features, techniqueof identifying the lumbar plexus, and the potential benefitsof using this approach are discussed.     

Spinal decompensation in degenerative lumbar scoliosis

Due to the aging population, degenerative scoliosis is a growing clinical problem. It is associated with back pain and radicular symptoms. The pathogenesis of degenerative scoliosis lies in degenerative changes of the spinal structures, such as the intervertebral disc, the facet joints and the vertebrae itself. Possibly muscle weakness also plays a role. However, it is not clear what exactly causes the decompensation to occur and what determines the direction of the curve. It is known that in the normal spine a pre-existing rotation exists at the thoracic level, but not at the lumbar level. In this retrospective study we have investigated if a predominant curve pattern can be found in degenerative scoliosis and whether symptoms are predominantly present at one side relative to the curve direction. The lumbar curves of 88 patients with degenerative scoliosis were analyzed and symptoms were recorded. It was found that curve direction depended significantly on the apical level of the curve. The majority of curves with an apex above L2 were convex to the right, whereas curves with an apex below L2 were more frequently convex to the left. This would indicate that also in degenerative scoliosis the innate curvature and rotational pattern of the spine plays a role in the direction of the curve. Unilateral symptoms were not coupled to the curve direction. It is believed that the symptoms are related to local and more specific degenerative changes besides the scoliotic curve itself.     

ADCON-L and hypotension during lumbar microdiscectomy

ADCON-L anti-adhesion gel is used as an antifibrotic agent insurgery for herniated lumbar disc. We report seven patientsundergoing lumbar microdiscectomy, in whom ADCON-L gel was appliedto the nerve root before closure of the surgical site. Afterthe administration of ADCON-L, tachycardia and hypotension werenoted, and were quickly and effectively reversed by i.v. fluidsand ephedrine. Since its routine introduction into our practice,we have given ADCON-L on 212 occasions, with an incidence ofadverse haemodynamic reactions of 3.3%. Adverse cardiovascularreactions do not appear to have been reported before. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 770–1     

经皮腰椎间盘切吸术治疗腰椎间盘突出症并腰椎管狭窄

经皮腰椎间盘切吸术(Automated percutaneous lum-bar discectomy,APLD)自从Hijikata首次报道成功以来,以其创伤小、出血少、不造成神经根粘连、不影响脊柱稳定性、病人易接受等优点而被广泛应用于临床,但有关APLD治疗腰椎间盘突出症并椎管狭窄的报道较少,且多数人把此类腰椎间盘症作为APLD的禁忌证.我们通过收治的45例此类腰椎间盘突出症行APLD治疗后,近期疗效满意,报告如下     

经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:对2014年5月至2016年4月采用经皮侧后方入路椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗的46例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行回顾性分析,其中男21例,女25例;年龄23~65岁,平均42岁;L_(2,3)2例,L_(3,4)3例,L_(4,5)28例,L_5S_113例;中央型5例,旁侧型34例,极外侧型7例。病程5~87个月,平均13.4个月。采用视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及JOA评分评估患者疼痛缓解程度及腰椎功能改善情况,未次随访时采用改良Mac Nab标准评价临床疗效。结果:46例患者手术顺利,手术时间125~210 min,平均153.6 min。所有患者获得随访,时间6~12个月,平均8个月。无神经血管损伤及感染病例。VAS评分术后3 d及末次随访时分别为3.1±0.7和2.2±0.6,较术前的7.3±1.2明显改善(P0.05)。末次随访时的JOA评分及ODI分别为(23.5±2.4)分和(22.10±9.26)%,均较术前的(13.2±2.8)分和(69.12±13.15)%,明显改善(P0.05)。末次随访时按照改良Mac Nab标准评定结果 ,优30例,良14例,可2例。至末次随访没有发生间盘复发及翻修病例。结论:椎间孔TESSYS技术安全有效,近期疗效满意,适合腰椎间盘突出症的微创治疗。     

Iopamidol in lumbar myelography

Iopamidol is a new, nonionic, water-soluble contrast material currently undergoing clinical trials for intravascular and intrathecal use in Europe and the United States. In this study, 12 patients underwent lumbar myelography with this agent. For each subject, up to 12 mL of iopamidol (at 200 mg I/mL) was employed. The myelograms obtained were highly satisfactory. No serious adverse reactions were observed. The most common side effect-headache-occurred in seven patients. However, six of the seven headaches were mild and transient, and did not require treatment. Nausea occurred in two patients, back pain in two patients, hypotension and hypertension each in one patient. All of these reactions were mild and self-limited. Iopamidol appears to be a safe and conveniently used agent for lumbar myelography.     

Spinal anesthesia for elective lumbar spine surgery

Study Objective: To evaluate a large series of elective lumbar spine surgical procedures by a single surgeon whose patients were all offered spinal anesthesia.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary-care teaching hospital.

Measurements and Main Results: The records of all elective lumbar spine procedures between 1984 and 1995 performed by one surgeon (GRB) were obtained, and 803 were identified. Of those 803 patients, 611 accepted spinal anesthesia. Data collected included patient demographics, details of the spinal and general anesthesia, perioperative complications, and impact of the spinal anesthetic options on the outcome of spinal anesthesia. General and spinal anesthesia patients were comparable for age, gender, height, and ASA physical status. Patients who received spinal anesthesia were significantly heavier than the general anesthesia patients. Among perioperative complications, nausea and deep venous thrombosis occurred significantly more often in the general than spinal anesthesia patients. Mild hypotension and decreased heart rate (HR) were the most common hemodynamic changes with spinal anesthesia, whereas hypertension and increased HR were the result of general anesthesia. Among spinal anesthetic drugs, plain bupivacaine was associated with the lowest incidence of supplemental local anesthetic use intraoperatively compared to hyperbaric bupivacaine or hyperbaric tetracaine.

Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is an effective alternative to general anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery and has a reduced rate of minor complications.     

经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症近期疗效观察

目的：评价经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术（percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD）治疗经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症的近期临床效果。方法：2008年11月至2009年7月,收治43例（70个退变间盘）经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症患者。其中男29例,女14例;年龄18～82岁,平均44.79岁;病程3～15个月,平均7.7个月。突出节段：L3.,44个,L4,536个,L5S130个。椎间盘退变分级：Ⅲ级42个,Ⅳ级28个。经椎间盘造影、透视证实椎间盘后方纤维环均撕裂,行PELD治疗。于术前、术后行疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术前、术后末次随访时行Oswestry功能障碍指数（oswestry disability index,ODI）评定,按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果：手术时间1～2.5h,平均1.4h;术后住院时间5～8d,平均5.7d。43例均获随访,时间4～9个月,平均6个月。术中发生脑脊膜破裂1例（未发生脑脊液漏）;术后当天出现一过性神经麻痹4例,未行特殊处理,末次随访时症状消失。术前VAS评分为（7.91±1.23）分,术后为（2.09±1.31）分;术前ODI指数为（74.22±16.61）%,末次随访为（17.88±8.20）%,术后VAS评分、末次随访ODI指数与术前比较均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。根据改良Macnab标准：优27例,良13例,可2例,差1例。结论：PELD安全有效,可用于治疗经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症患者。     

Acute pancreatitis complicating anterior lumbar interbody fusion

Postoperative pancreatitis may occur following surgery in regions remote from the pancreas and the biliary tree. Though uncommon, it carries a high mortality rate. Pancreatitis complicating spinal surgery is extremely rare. This report describes a case of acute pancreatitis following an anterior lumbar interbody fusion and discusses the possible mechanisms of pancreatic cellular injury. Received: 17 May 1999/Revised: 6 December 1999/Accepted: 16 December 1999