Gemcitabine方案复治晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的：探讨Gemcitabine(健择）与顺铂联合化疗方案复治常规方案无效晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及其不良反应。方法：健择与顺铂联合方案复治22例晚期晨小细胞肺癌二周期，健择每周期第1、8、15天静脉滴注1000mg/m^2，顺铂每周期第1天静脉滴注100mg/m^2，结果：可评价疗效22例，8例获得部分缓解（PR），总有效率36％，全组均可评价不良反应，约30％分别发生Ⅲ-Ⅳ度的血红蛋白下降，白细胞下降，血小板下降和恶心／呕吐，其他毒副反应均轻度可耐受，结论：健择与顺铂联合方案复治常规方案无效晚期非小细胞肺癌有一定的疗效，毒副作用可耐受，是复治晚期非小细胞肺癌较理想的治疗方案之一。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的评价吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP方案）治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效与毒副反应。方法对30例经病理和（或）细胞确诊的老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,采用吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗。吉西他滨1000mg／m^2,静脉点滴,第1,8天各静滴1次;顺铂25mgc／m^2,静脉点滴,第1,2,3天各静滴1次,每28d为一个周期,化疗中记录毒副反应。2个周期为1个疗程。疗程结束后,评定疗效与毒副反应。结果全组完全缓解（CR）0例,部分缓解11例（11／30）,总有效率36．67％。最常见的毒副反应为白细胞减少和血小板减少。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者临床疗效较好,毒副反应可耐受,值得推广应用。     

健择联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察健择(GEM)加顺铂(DDP)联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌,临床疗效及毒副反应。方法健择1000mg/m3静滴30min第1、8天,顺铂40mg静滴,第1、2、3天。每21~28天为1周期,2周期后评价疗效及毒副反应。结果临床疗效50例患者均接受2个周期化疗。其中CR0例,PR24例,NC19例,PD7例,总有效率为48%,其中Ⅲb期有效率为53.8%(15/28),Ⅳ期有效率为40.9%(9/22)。结论健择加顺铂联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,副作用较少,是一种值得推荐的化疗方案。     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的 观察吉西他滨（健择，gemcitabine)联合顺铂（DDP）方案治疗晚期老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法 30例老年非小细胞肺癌采用GP方案。NP方案对照组30例。结果 GP方案组有效率53.3%，NP方案组有效率40％，疾病进展时间（TTP）^[1]GP组4月，NP组2月，毒性反应主要为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐及静脉炎。结论 健择加DDP的联合化疗是治疗老年非小细胞肺癌有效率高，毒性低，老年人可以耐受。     

GP与NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC的临床对比观察

目的比较GP方案（吉西他滨＋顺铂）和NP方案（长春瑞滨＋顺铂）治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法73例非小细胞肺癌中，38例应用GP方案35例应用NP方案。2～3个疗程后评定疗效。结果GP组有效率44．7％；NP组有效率为45．7％。两组有效率差异无显著性。骨髓抑制为吉西他滨的主要毒副反应，其中GP组血小板下降高于NP组；NP组的细胞下降高于GP组，两组间无统计差异。结论GP方案与NP方案治疗非小细胞肺癌，疗效显著，毒副反应可耐受，GP方案更适于年老体弱者。     

三维适形放疗联合GP方案同步治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合GP方案同步化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和急性毒副反应。方法40例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者采用三维适形放疗,同时予GP方案化疗（G：吉西他滨1000mg／m^2,第l,8天;P：顺铂30mg／m^2,第1-3天,每28天1个周期）。结果肺原发灶总有效率为85％;纵隔转移淋巴结总有效率为91．9％,急性毒副反应主要是骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和轻中度放射性食管炎、放射性肺炎,均可耐受。结论三维适形放疗与GP方案同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌有较好近期疗效。     

多西紫杉醇联合顺铂与紫杉醇联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的随机临床对照研究

背景与目的 多西紫杉醇是二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的有效药物，近年来多项临床试验显示其在一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效与目前常用的一线方案相似。本研究拟比较多西紫杉醇联合顺铂（DC）与紫杉醇联合顺铂（PC）一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效、毒副反应及生存。方法细胞学或病理学确诊的90例初治晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为DC组与PC组。DC组：多西紫杉醇75mg／m^2，静脉滴注1小时，第1天，顺铂75mg／m^2，分成两天静脉滴注，第2，3天。PC组：紫杉醇150mg／m^2，静脉滴注3小时，第1天；顺铂75mg／m^2，分成两天静脉滴注，第2～3天。顺铂用药时需水化。两种方案均为21天重复。至少完成2周期化疗的患者进行疗效、毒副反应评价，并分析生存情况。结果DC组总有效率为31．1％，中位生存期为10．2月，中位疾病进展时间为4．4月，1年和2年生存率分别为35．6％、8．9％；PC组总有效率为33．3％，中位生存期为10．4月，中位疾病进展时间为4．9月，1年和2年生存率分别为37．8％、11．1％。两组的总有效率、中位生存期、中位疾病进展时间及1、2年生存率均无显著性统计学差异（P〉0．05）。两组Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度毒副反应为白细胞减少、贫血、恶心呕吐及脱发，无显著性统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论多西紫杉醇联合顺铂方案与紫杉醇联合顺铂方案比较，疗效与生存相似，毒副反应较轻，耐受性好，是一线治疗非小细胞肺癌的有效方案。     

羟基喜树硷联合顺铂治疗晚期NSCLC 33例疗效观察

目的观察羟基喜树硷联合顺铂化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法采用羟基喜树硷10mg／m^2静注，第1～5天，顺铂20mg／m^2，第1～3天。结果 完全缓解2例，部分缓解12例，总有效率为42．4％，中位生存期11.5个月，0-5、1、2年生存率分别为66．7％、8．5％、33．3％。主要毒副反应是骨髓抑制和消化道反应，但均可耐受。结论羟基喜树硷联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切，副作用可耐受，该药是治疗非小细胞肺癌较为有效的药物，值得在临床推广和应用。     

多西紫杉醇周疗法加卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的观察多西紫杉醇周疗法联合卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效及不良反应。方法41例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者给予多西紫杉醇周疗法联合卡铂治疗，其中多西紫杉醇20mg／m^2，静滴，d 1，8，15，卡铂AUC=5静滴，d1，28d为1周期，每例患者治疗两周期以上。结果全组完全缓解1例，部分缓解17例，稳定18例，进展5例，总有效率为46．3％。全组中位生存期11．2个月，1年生存率为45．0％。KPS评分增加者占68．2％（28／41）。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制，其余毒副反应轻微，均可耐受。结论多西紫杉醇周疗法联合卡铂作为晚期非小细胞肺癌一线或二线治疗均有较好的疗效，毒副反应可以耐受。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的评价培美曲塞一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法25例经病理或细胞学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,采用培美曲塞500mg／m^2,顺铂75mg／M,静滴,均第1天给药,并口服地塞米松、叶酸和肌内注射维生素B12治疗,21d为一周期。2个周期后评价疗效、毒副反应。结果25例患者中,有效率56％,疾病控制率88％,中位无进展生存期9．25个月,中位生存期10．44个月,1a生存率40％。毒副反应主要是骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应,均未达到Ⅲ～Ⅳ度。结论培美曲塞联合顺铂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效较好,毒性反应轻,值得临床推广应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。