Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates early vascularization and improves healing of genetically modified cultured skin substitutes.

Cultured skin substitutes (CSS) lack a vascular plexus, leading to slower vascularization after grafting than split-thickness skin autograft. CSS containing keratinocytes genetically modified to overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were previously shown to exhibit enhanced vascularization up to 2 weeks after grafting to athymic mice. The present study examines whether enhanced vascularization compared with controls persists after stable engraftment is achieved and analyzes VEGF expression, wound contraction, and engraftment. Control and VEGF-modified (VEGF+) CSS were grafted onto full-thickness wounds in athymic mice. VEGF expression was detected in VEGF+ CSS 14 weeks after grafting. Graft contraction was significantly lower in VEGF+ CSS compared with controls, suggesting more stable engraftment and better tissue development. Positive HLA-ABC staining, indicating persistence of human cells, was seen in 86.7% (13/15) of grafted VEGF+ CSS, compared with 58.3% (7/12) of controls. Differences in dermal vascularization between control and VEGF+ grafts were significant 1 week after surgery, but not at later times. However, the distribution of vessels was different, with more vessels in the upper dermis of VEGF+ grafts. These results suggest that VEGF overexpression in genetically modified CSS acts to accelerate early graft vascularization and can contribute to improved healing of full-thickness skin wounds.     

The 1999 clinical research award. Cultured skin substitutes combined with Integra Artificial Skin to replace native skin autograft and allograft for the closure of excised full-thickness burns

Prompt and permanent closure of excised full-thickness burns remains a critical factor in a patient's recovery from massive burn injuries. Hypothetically, Integra Artificial Skin (Integra) may replace the need for allografts for immediate wound coverage, and cultured skin substitutes (CSS) that contain stratified epithelium may replace the need for autografts for definitive wound closure. To test this hypothesis, 3 patients with full-thickness burns of greater than 60% of their total body surface areas had their eschar excised within 14 days of admission. Integra was applied, and a skin biopsy was collected from each patient for the preparation of CSS. At 3 weeks or more after the application of the Integra and the collection of skin biopsies, the outer silastic cover of the Integra was removed and CSS were grafted. The CSS were irrigated with nutrients and antimicrobials for 6 days and then dressed with antimicrobial ointment and cotton gauze. Treated wounds were traced on days 14 and 28 after the grafting of CSS for determination of engraftment and wound closure, respectively. Cost analysis was not performed. Engraftment on postoperative day (POD) 14 was 98%+/-1% (mean +/- standard error of the mean), the ratio of closed:donor areas on POD 28 was 52.3+/-5.2, and no treated sites required regrafting. The histology of the closed wounds showed stable epithelium that covered a layer of newly formed fibrovascular tissue above the reticulated structure of the degrading Integra. The clinical outcomes of the closed wounds after POD 28 demonstrated smooth, pliable, and hypopigmented skin. Two patients who had received CSS grafts over Integra on their backs were positioned supine on air beds from POD 8 or POD 9 with minimal graft loss because of mechanical loading. One patient with a full-thickness burn of 88% of the total body surface area was covered definitively at 55 days postburn. These results demonstrate that the combination of CSS and Integra can accomplish functionally stable and cosmetically acceptable wound closure in patients with extensive full-thickness burns. This combination of alternatives to the conventional grafting of split-thickness skin permits the substitution of cadaveric allograft with Integra and the substitution of donor autograft with CSS. This approach to the closure of excised full-thickness burns is expected to reduce greatly the time to definitive closure of burn wounds and to reduce the morbidity associated with the harvesting of donor sites for split-thickness skin autografts.     

A prospective, randomized trial of Acticoat versus silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of partial-thickness burns: which method is less painful?

Despite recent improvements in analgesia, pain control during dressing changes continues to be a major challenge in patients with burns. We investigated two different dressing modalities to compare how much pain the patient experienced during and after the dressing change. Patients with partial-thickness burns that required only topical wound care were assigned randomly to treatment with Acticoat (Smith and Nephew USA, Largo, FL) or silver sulfadiazine (AgSD). The outcome variable was pain during wound care, which was measured using visual analog pain scores. The mean visual analog pain scores for the wounds treated with Acticoat or AgSD wounds were 3.2 and 7.9, respectively (P < .0001; paired Student's t-test). In 41 of the 47 paired pain score observations, the pain in the wound treated with AgSD was perceived as greater than in the wound treated with Acticoat. Burn wound care with Acticoat is less painful than burn wound care with AgSD in patients with selected partial-thickness burns.     

Reduced wound contraction after grafting of full-thickness burns with a collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate (GAG) dermal skin substitute and coverage with biobrane

Full-thickness burns destroy both the epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin. This study evaluates a collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate dermal skin substitute (graft) that was applied to excised full-thickness burns and covered with Biobrane. Experimental conditions included: (a) no burn, subcutaneous implantation of the graft; (b) burn, excision, graft, coverage with Biobrane and bandages; (c) burn, excision, no graft, coverage with Biobrane and bandages; (d) burn only. forty-one days post-surgery, subcutaneous implantation (N = 3) of the graft caused no detectable contraction or necrosis of the overlying skin, whereas all burn wounds contracted. Measurements of wounds (percentage of original wound size) showed statistically significant differences between the following treatments; (a) graft plus Biobrane (N = 10), 34%; (b) no graft plus Biobrane (N = 9), 25%; (c) untreated burns (N = 6), 16%. Semi-quantitative evaluation of time to healing indicated by spontaneous detachment of Biobrane from wounds showed that grafted, excised wounds healed in an average of 2.7 weeks, while ungrafted, excised wounds required an average of 4.3 weeks to heal. Histological appearance of healed wounds after grafting and coverage with Biobrane resembles undamaged skin without epidermal adnexal structures. Excision of full-thickness burn eschar, followed by grafting with a collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate dermal skin substitute and coverage with Biobrane provides reduced wound contraction within a six-week period of observation compared to non-excised wounds. Both more rapid and more complete wound healing took place compared to excised wounds that were not grafted.     

纳米银敷料结合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶治疗烧伤残余创面

目的:观测纳米银敷料结合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶治疗烧伤残余创面的疗效.方法:选取临床深II度及III度烧伤所致残余创面患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例.治疗组应用纳米银敷料结合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶进行换药:对照组应用生理盐水和无菌石蜡油纱布换药.观测记录各组病例的愈合时间、创面感染例数、不同时相点创面愈合率、各组治疗前和治疗7 d时创面细菌培养情况、药物不良反应.结果:治疗组的愈合时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组不同时相点创面愈合率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组创面感染例数明显少于对照组(P<0.01);治疗7 d后,治疗组致病细菌检出率明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论:将纳米银敷料结合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子凝胶应用于可以非手术治疗的烧伤残余创面,有较好的抗菌作用及促进创面修复作用,能有效缩短烧伤残余创面的愈合时间.     

Dressing and wound care pain

Wound care is an important step for promoting wound healing. Nevertheless it is also a major source of pain for patients with wounds. The results of a survey showed that not only burn patients but also non-burn ones suffered from wound care pain which occurred in inpatients and outpatients. One of the significant factors causing wound care pain was that the dressing adhered to the wound bed. Although some agencies claimed that particular dressings with low adhesion can result in painless removal, the actual effects needed to be verified. Results of clinical trials revealed that for relieving wound care pain of certain kinds of wound, it was recommended to use particular dressings, such as banana leaf dressing, boiled potato peel bandage, Acticoat, Mepital or Mefix.     

不同换药方式对糖尿病模型小鼠和正常小鼠创面愈合影响的实验研究

[目的]比较生理盐水、4%硼酸溶液、0.5%碘伏＋3%过氧化氢3种临床常用护理换药方式对糖尿病小鼠和正常小鼠创面愈合的影响,以期探索最适合糖尿病难愈性创面的护理换药方式。[方法]取雄性8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠30只,设糖尿病组与对照组小鼠各15只,糖尿病小鼠以链脲佐菌素（STZ诱导）在背部制作3个同等大小的全层皮肤创面后,每日1次分别以生理盐水（A处理）、4%硼酸溶液（B处理）和0.5%碘伏＋3%过氧化氢溶液（C处理）对创面换药,记录创面结痂及感染情况并计算创面愈合率。[结果]在同一时相点、A处理换药方式下,糖尿病组小鼠的创面愈合率明显低于对照组小鼠;对照组小鼠在3种不同换药处理方式下,其创面愈合率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;糖尿病小鼠应用B处理的创面愈合率显著高于应用A和C处理法（P〈0.05）。[结论]正常小鼠创面应用3种换药方式对创面的愈合率无显著影响;糖尿病小鼠创面使用硼酸溶液换药较其他换药方式更有利于伤口愈合。     

凝胶型胶原敷料修复糖尿病皮肤缺损及促进血管再生

背景：胶原已经被证实能够促进受损组织创面的修复,加速创面愈合。目的：观察凝胶型活性胶原敷料对糖尿病皮肤缺损愈合的影响,以及在促进毛细血管再生方面的作用。方法：取SD大鼠160只,其中40只为正常对照,另120只腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制作糖尿病模型。造模9周后将120只大鼠随机均分为模型组、阳性对照组、实验组,连同正常对照组在大鼠背部制作全层皮肤缺损创面,正常对照组和模型组创面外敷灭菌凡士林,实验组外敷凝胶型胶原敷料,阳性对照组外敷重组人表皮生长因子凝胶,观察各组创面愈合面积及毛细血管新生情况。结果与结论：给药第1周,除正常对照组动物愈合较快外,其余各组动物创面愈合速度差异不大;给药第2周,正常对照组愈合速度最快,阳性对照组、实验组创面未愈合面积小于模型组;给药第3周,正常对照组及实验组创面未愈合面积小于模型组和阳性对照组;给药第4周,正常对照组及阳性对照组未愈合面积小于模型组和实验组;并且实验组给药第2,3周的创面愈合效果好于阳性对照组。实验组给药第1,2,3周的毛细血管数均多于其余3组。结果表明凝胶型胶原敷料可促进糖尿病缺损创面愈合速度并提高愈合质量。     

The influence of burn wound dressings on laser Doppler imaging assessment of a standardized cutaneous injury model.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of burn wound dressings on Laser Doppler imaging assessment of a cutaneous injury model. A healthy volunteer was subjected to a standardized mechanical stimulus to produce a triple response. This was scanned under ideal conditions using the moor LDI2 before and after application of the following dressings: GLAD Wrap , Bactigras, Hypafix, Omiderm, DuoDERM, Acticoat, and Avance. The triple response was readily and consistently detected on the LDI blood flow image. Glad Wrap, Bactigras, Hypafix, Omiderm, and DuoDERM all had minimal adverse impact on the Laser Doppler blood flow image. Acticoat and Avance prevented detection of the triple response. In addition, there was a false-positive blood flow image with the Acticoat dressing positioned with the silver colored surface uppermost. Dressings transparent to the near infrared spectrum allowed detection of a standardized cutaneous injury model under ideal conditions. Laser Doppler imaging might therefore be used to assess a burn wound without removal of such a dressing. This would have implications for the selection and use of dressings in the treatment of burn patients, especially in an ambulatory care setting.     

Role of serum amyloid P in skin graft survival and wound healing in burned patients receiving skin grafts

BackgroundRecent studies in animal models suggest that serum amyloid P (SAP) can affect burn wound healing. However, the role of SAP in a clinical setting remains unknown.MethodsWe enrolled 88 patients with third degree burn wounds. All the patients were candidates for auto-skin graft procedure using stamp skin graft. The complete graft healing time and the number of survived grafts were recorded. Serum SAP levels were assessed 1 day before operation.ResultsThere was no significant difference in SAP level between controls and patients. There were no significant differences noted among the patients with different burn surface area. However, when the patients in each group were stratified by SAP levels, the mean complete healing time of grafted wound and the mean numbers of survived skin grafts were significantly different. Spearman's analyses showed that the serum SAP levels negatively correlated with the complete wound healing time and mean numbers of survived skin grafts. Logistic regression analysis showed that the serum SAP levels and mean numbers of survived skin grafts were potent independent factors contributing to wound healing.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the serum SAP levels may be an easy detected predictor for the healing of burn wounds.     

Therapeutic efficacy of three silver dressings in an infected animal model

The organic salt AgNO3 has been available as a topical armamentarium to the medical arena for centuries and for burns for the past 60 years. Thirty-five (1968) years later, Charles Fox introduced and popularized a new topical agent known as silver sulfadiazine. More recently, several new slow-release silver dressings came to the forefront. Acticoat (Smith & Nephew, Largo, FL) Silverlon (Argentum, Lakemont, GA) & Silvasorb (Medline Industries, Inc, Mundelein, IL). Because the standard of care is to change dressings daily, our study focused in on weekly dressing changes as a cost-containment issue. Sprague-Dawley rats received a standard contact burn (20% TBSA). On day 3, the wound was excised and infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at 5.0 x 10 cfu/ml. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 5 each group): untreated control, Acticoat group, Silvasorb group, and Silverlon group. The dressings remained on the wounds for 10 days when the wounds were quantitatively assessed. Mean wound counts of the control ranged from 1.2 x 10(5) to 6.5 x 10(5) for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. Acticoat dressing counts for both organisms were 0 and 1.8 x 10(3) (median alpha); Silvasorb was 0 and 6.3 x 10(3) and Silverlon was 1.5 x 10(4) x 7.4 x 10(4) (median), Acticoat and Silvasorb were both significantly lower (P < .05) than the control for P. aeruginosa, and Acticoat was significantly lower (P < .05) than the control for S. aureus. Although counts for Silvasorb (M) appear significantly lower than the controls for S. aureus, the numbers were not sufficient to be significant. However, Silverlon did achieve a slight significance. These preliminary data suggest that weekly dressing changes with these new silver dressings are feasible and economically and medically congruous.     

Comparison of silver-coated dressing (Acticoat), chlorhexidine acetate 0.5% (Bactigrass), and silver sulfadiazine 1% (Silverdin) for topical antibacterial effect in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-contaminated, full-skin thickness burn wounds in rats

Acticoat (Smith and Nephew, Istanbul, Turkey), chlorhexidine acetate 0.5%, and silver sulfadiazine 1% were compared to assess the antibacterial effect of their application on experimental burn wounds in contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rats. All treatment modalities were effective against P. aeruginosa because there were significant differences between treatment groups and control groups. The mean eschar concentrations did not differ significantly between Acticoat and chlorhexidine acetate groups, but there were significant differences between the silver sulfadiazine group and the other treatment groups, indicating that silver sulfadiazine significantly eliminated P. aeruginosa more effectively in the tissues than did the other two agents. All treatment modalities were sufficient to prevent the P. aeruginosa from invading to the muscle and from causing systemic infection. In conclusion, silver sulfadiazine is the most effective agent in the treatment of the P. aeruginosa-contaminated burn wounds; Acticoat can be considered as a treatment choice because of its peculiar ability of limiting the frequency of replacing wound dressings.     

人羊膜对糖尿病患者创面愈合的促进作用

目的探讨局部应用新鲜人羊膜(以下简称羊膜)对糖尿病创面愈合的治疗作用。方法选择有难愈性创面的糖尿病患者120例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各60例,观察组局部创面应用新鲜羊膜覆盖治疗,对照组采用常规换药法,分别于第3、7、14天比较两组患者的创面愈合情况(包括上皮葡行面积及肉芽成熟程度)。结果两组糖尿病患者的局部创面在第3天无明显变化;第7、14天,观察组局部创面的上皮葡行速度及肉芽组织生长均明显优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论局部应用羊膜能从多方面促进糖尿病患者创面的愈合,建议在临床推广使用。     

Sildimac: a new delivery system for silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of full-thickness burn injuries

Wound care is painful for the patient with a burn injury and tedious for the burn unit staff but necessary to remove exudates and debris and to limit infections. In an effort to circumvent daily dressing changes while ensuring optimal wound protection, Sildimac (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.), a new drug delivery system for silver sulfadiazine, was developed. When silver sulfadiazine, a topical antimicrobial commonly used for the treatment of burns, is incorporated into the delivery system, the drug is released in a sustained fashion. We report here the results of a multicenter evaluation of the safety and efficiency of Sildimac for treatment of full-thickness burn wounds. Sildimac, when left in place for up to 4 days, appears to be as effective as twice-daily wound cleansing and application of Silvadene cream 1% (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.) for the treatment of full-thickness burns.     

Prolonged C1 inhibitor administration improves local healing of burn wounds and reduces myocardial inflammation in a rat burn wound model

In a previous study, the authors found persistent presence of acute inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein and complement factors locally in burn wounds. This persistence of acute inflammation may not only delay local burn wound healing but also have a systemic effect, for instance on the heart. Here, the effects of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1inh), an inhibitor of complement activation, on burn wound progression and the heart were analyzed in rats. Dorsal full-thickness burn wounds (2 × 4 cm) were induced on female Wistar rats (n = 14). The rats were divided into two groups (n = 7): a control group (just burns) and a C1inh group. C1inh was administered daily intravenously for 14 days. The burn wound, healthy skin from the hind leg (internal control), and the heart were then fixed in formalin. Tissues were analyzed for granulation tissue formation, reepithelialization, amount and type of infiltrating inflammatory cells (granulocytes and macrophages), and inflammatory markers (complement factors C3 and C4). C1inh treatment significantly reduced the amount of granulation tissue and significantly increased reepithelialization. C1inh also significantly reduced macrophage infiltration. Burns induced infiltration of macrophages into the ventricles of the heart and remarkably also into the atria of the heart. This effect could be counteracted by C1inh. These data show that systemic treatment with C1inh acts at different levels resulting in improved healing locally in burn wounds and systemically reduced inflammation in the heart. Therefore, C1inh might be a possible therapeutic intervention for burn wound patients.     

复合生物敷料人发角蛋白-胶原海绵-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯对大鼠烧伤创面的治疗作用

背景:作者在对人发角蛋白的机制研究和临床应用中提出了一个伞新的组织工程学概念--在体,原位组织工程.在该理论的指导下,拟以人发角蚩白-胶原海绵为支架,复合一种可作为药物缓释载体的聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,探讨其在体内原位诱导周围组织细胞构建真皮的可行性.目的:以人发角蛋白胶原海绵为敷料内层,复合包裹药物虎杖的聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯载体,制各一种双层复合生物材料,观察其对烧伤创面的促愈合作用.设计、时间及地点:随机对照动物实验,于2005-03/12在南方医科大学组胚教研室完成.材料:选用雄性SD大鼠15只制备烧伤动物模型,将模型鼠完全随机分为3组:实验组,阳性对照组及阴性对照组.方法:①将在体内具有慢、中、快3种吸收速度的人发角蛋白组分材料编织成网孔为1 mm×1 mm的网格,与从牛跟腱中抽提Ⅰ型胶原溶液混合后放入模具,经真空冷冻干燥后制成海绵状膜(作复合内层敷料).②用聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,再与药物虎杖一同成膜,制备药物缓释载体膜(作复合外层敷料).③用SD大鼠制备深Ⅱ度烧伤动物模型,烧伤后3 d做清创处理,清创后实验组用与创面相同大小的人发角蛋白胶原海绵-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯复合敷料覆盖创面,阳性对照组用戊二醛猪皮覆盖创面.阴性对照组为单纯无菌纱布覆盖.主要观察指标:①术后以创面完全上皮化为标准,记录创面愈合时间并分别计算7,14,21 d愈合率.②于覆敷料后1,2,4,6,8周切取整个刨面及其周围组织,光学显微镜观察肉牙组织生长情况和免疫组织化学染色观察新生组织中的胶原纤维和弹性纤维形态.结果:①实验组创面覆盖后渗出明显减少且保持一定湿度,而阳性对照组创面较干燥:实验组及阳性对照组的创面愈合时间较阴性对照组提前(P=0.000);创面在7,14,21 d的愈合率均较阴性对照组高(P=0.000),且实验组在14 d的愈合率较阳性对照组高(P＜0.05).②覆敷料后2周,光镜下观察可见创面肉芽组织中有较细小的胶原纤维填充创面.实验组较其他2组明显.胶原蛋白及弹性蛋白的免疫组织化学染色显示:第2周,实验组创面真皮基质中,Ⅰ型胶原呈棕黄色细密条带状;且有少量破染成棕黄色细丝状的弹性纤维,阳性对照组不明显,而阴性对照组中弹性蛋白无阳情表达.第8周,3组创面均愈合良好.实验组及阳性对照组胶原纤维束改造塑形,无瘢痕形成趋势.阴性对照组真皮层组织排列紊乱.结论:人发角蛋白-胶原海绵聚甲基内烯酸羟乙酯/虎杖复合生物敷料可促进深Ⅱ度烧伤实验大鼠创面的愈合.     

有孔牛羊膜联合重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子覆盖Ⅱ度烧伤创面:与无孔牛羊膜及凡士林纱布的比较

目的:观察有孔牛羊膜联合运用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子覆盖烧伤创面的临床效果.方法:选择以Ⅱ度烧伤创面为主的中小面积热力烧伤患者43例,试验创面面积为1%～2%,采用同体对照设计方法,将每例患者相同性质的创面等分为3份,分别应用有孔牛羊膜(治疗组),牛羊膜(对照组1),凡士林油纱布(对照组2)覆盖烧伤创面,3组均联合运用重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子.结果:治疗组与对照组1(P<0.01)和对照组2(P<0.05)相比能明显缩短以深Ⅱ度烧伤创面为主的创面愈合时间,而在治疗以浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面为主的过程中,治疗组与对照组2相比能明显缩短的创面愈合时间(P<0.01),而与对照组1相比没有明显差别(P>0.05).治疗组换药次数少、疼痛轻.3组均未出现皮疹及其他不良反应.结论:有孔牛羊膜覆盖烧伤创面及联合运用牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能加速烧伤创面的愈合.     

重组人表皮生长因子凝胶在浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面护理中的应用

目的观察重组人表皮生长因子凝胶在浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面护理中的应用效果。方法选择50例浅Ⅱ度烧伤患者,采用同体对照法,将同一创面不同区域或同体对称部位的创面分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用重组人表皮生长因子凝胶加医用硅酮凝胶膏混合后湿敷创面;对照组采用医用硅酮凝胶膏湿敷创面。观察两组创面愈合时间、换药次数、疼痛状况及渗液情况的差异。结果观察组的创面平均愈合时间（8．6±1．6）d较对照组（11．8±1．7）d明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（t=-9．834,P〈0．05）。观察组换药次数（4．5±0．9）次较对照组（6．1-I-0．9）次明显减少,差异有统计学意义（t=-9．336,P〈0．05）。两组患者的换药疼痛程度相似,差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．272,P〉0．05）。两组在第2次换药时的渗液程度相似,差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．205,P〉0．05）;而在第3和4次换药时,观察组渗液程度较对照组明显改善,差异有统计学意义（x2分别为8．988,5．316;P〈0．05）。结论重组人表皮生长因子凝胶能减少浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面的渗液量,减少换药次数,可明显促进表皮生长,加速创面愈合。     

脱细胞猪真皮基质敷料覆盖治疗小儿特重度烧伤深Ⅱ度创面的护理

目的总结脱细胞猪真皮基质覆盖治疗小儿特重度烧伤深Ⅱ度创面的护理重点。方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2016年4月广州市红十字会医院烧伤重区收治的9例特重度烧伤小儿应用脱细胞猪真皮基质敷料覆盖深Ⅱ度创面的临床资料和护理措施。结果 9例特重度烧伤患儿均平稳渡过休克期,于2~3周全部治愈。结论脱细胞猪真皮基质急诊覆盖治疗小儿特重度烧伤深Ⅱ度创面可以促进创面愈合,护理重点在于生命体征观察与输液护理、疼痛管理与心理护理及术后加强创面生物敷料观察与护理。及时发现、去除脱细胞猪真皮基质敷料下积液、积脓,维持敷料的干燥,防止脱细胞猪真皮基质敷料缩窄影响肢端血运。     

Comparison of surface swab cultures and quantitative tissue biopsy cultures to predict sepsis in burn patients: a prospective study

This study aimed at evaluating the possibility of predicting septicemia in burn patients by using wound surface and tissue culture techniques as well as blood cultures. Fifty patients with full-thickness burn wounds covering at least 10% of the total body surface area were included. Signs of septicemia were noted in 21 patients (42%) and 29 patients died (58%). The bacterial colonization of the burn wounds consisted mainly of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sepsis was better correlated to quantitative burn tissue biopsy cultures than surface swab cultures but the time needed for processing limits its predictive and therapeutic value.