低分子肝素对大隐静脉曲张手术患者术后凝血功能的影响

目的 对比不同剂量低分子肝素对大隐静脉曲张手术患者术后凝血功能的影响.方法 选取行大隐静脉高位结扎术+导管介入硬化剂注射手术的患者128例,随机分为3组:Ⅰ组(对照组)42例,其中C3型24例,C4型18例;Ⅱ组(低分子肝素5000U每日1次组)45例,其中C3型20例,C4型25例;Ⅲ组(低分子肝素5000U每日2次组)41例,其中C3型22例,C4型19例.观察3组患者术前和术后凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-D)以及抗-Xa因子活性等凝血功能变化.结果术前3组PT、APTT、Fib、D-D值均在正常范围内,3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后3组PT延长,APTT逐渐减少,Fib、DD升高,抗-Xa因子活性术后逐渐升高,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后Ⅲ组Fib明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05).术后Ⅲ组D-D低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);术后Ⅲ组D-D明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).术后Ⅲ组抗-X a因子活性高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论 在一定的体重范围内,对大隐静脉曲张手术患者标准化使用低分子肝素针,可预防深静脉血栓发生,防止术后出血并发症.     

3D打印技术在髋关节置换术后感染Ⅱ期翻修手术中应用

目的探讨3D打印技术在髋关节置换术后感染Ⅱ期翻修手术中的应用。方法选择2013年6月至2015年12月收治的髋关节置换术后感染需行Ⅱ期翻修手术的患者14例为3D打印组。Ⅰ期已行感染清创、假体取出、抗生素骨水泥占位器植入术,且规范抗感染治疗3~4个月。复查炎性指标正常,髋关节腔穿刺细菌培养阴性后,Ⅱ期行人工髋关节翻修术。术前根据CT扫描得到的数据进行计算机三维建模,通过3D打印技术打印患侧髋臼、股骨及经镜像处理后的健侧股骨近端实体模型,术前预演并依据骨缺损的情况决定翻修假体的选择。同时,随机选取未采用3D打印技术行髋关节置换术后感染Ⅱ期翻修手术的患者14例为对照组。结果 3D打印组平均手术时间为(90.2±25.4)min,对照组为(126.6±28.8)min,3D打印组手术时间明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者均获随访,随访时间10~36个月,平均20.6个月。术后X线影像检查显示,关节假体位置正确、固定可靠,髋关节功能获得较大改善。3D打印组Harris评分从术前平均(36.8±6.2)分提高到末次随访的平均(84.2±9.6)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 3D打印技术在髋关节置换术后感染Ⅱ期翻修手术治疗中,具有实现术前个体化设计、进行手术预演、缩短手术时间、减少医源性损伤、提高手术效率等优点,方法可行,效果良好。     

急性高容量血液稀释联合自体血回输对全髋置换术患者血流动力学及凝血功能的影响

目的探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合自体血液回收对全髋置换术患者血流动力学和凝血功能的影响。方法 40例择期行全髋关节置换手术患者,ASA分级Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,每组20例。A组用6%羟乙基淀粉AHH联合术中自体血回输;B组单用术中自体血回输。两组均于术前(T1)、血液稀释后(T2)、术毕(T3)、术后24 h(T4)、术后3 d(T5)五个时点监测中心静脉压(CVP)、平均动脉血压(MAP)、心电图和尿量;检测活化部分凝血激酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)及血小板计数(PLT)。结果 A组T2、T3时与T1比较,CVP明显增高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围;Hb、Hct显著降低(P<0.05),与A组比较,B组T4、T5时Hb、Hct明显降低(P<0.05);A组T2、T3、T4时与T1比较,PT延长(P<0.05),APTT无明显变化,FIB和PLT降低(P<0.05);与B组比较,A组T2、T3、T4时PT延长,T3、T4时FIB和PLT降低(P<0.05),并于3 d后逐渐恢复。结论用6%羟乙基淀粉行AHH,对全髋置换术患者的血流动力学无明显不良影响;但可引起CVP升高。AHH联合术中自体血回输可使PT延长,PLT、FIB稀释性降低,但仍在正常范围,APTT变化不大,不影响凝血功能。     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后凝血功能的变化

目的探讨体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)后凝血功能的变化规律。方法选择2007年2月-12月择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的患者84例,其中CCABG34例,OPCAB50例。2组患者分别于术前及术后返回监护室即刻抽血测定血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、血浆活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FB)、血浆凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、国际标准化比值(INR),记录两组患者术后同种异体输血量,并进行组内及组间比较。结果术前凝血功能两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。与术前相比,两组术后PT、TT、APTT延长,INR增高,PTA、FB降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与OPCAB组比较,CCABG组术后PT、TT、APTT延长,INR增高,PTA降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),两组术后FB无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后同种异体输血量CCABG组明显高于OPCAB组(P<0.01)。结论CABG对凝血功能均有一定的损害;与CCABG相比,OPCAB可在一定程度上保护凝血功能,减少同种异体输血量及其相应风险。     

凝血功能和纤溶活性指标在预测创伤性骨折患者术后发生深静脉血栓形成中的应用价值

目的探讨通过检测凝血功能和纤溶活性指标来预测创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓发生的可能性。方法自2012年1月至2015年1月,符合纳入排除标准的517例创伤性骨折患者,其中有87例术后发生DVT为观察组,其余430例为对照组A。选取我院体检中心健康体检者72例为对照组B。于术前、术后1 d和术后3 d,检测凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-dimer)和凝血酶-抗凝血酶Ⅲ复合物(TAT),对照组B只在术前进行检测。结果术前,对照组A和观察组患者的FIB明显比对照组B高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组A和观察组患者的TAT、D-dimer明显高于对照组B,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);且对照组A和观察组比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d和术后3 d,对照组A的FIB、TAT、D-dimer明显比观察组低,差异均具有计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 D-dimer阳性和TAT阳性是创伤性骨折患者术后DVT发生的高危因素。     

急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压用于全髋关节置换术患者的临床观察

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合控制性降压(CH)用于全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果。方法择期全麻下行单侧全髋关节置换术患者60例。将60例患者随机分为3组:对照组(C组)、急性高容量血液稀释组(AHH组)和急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压组(AC组),每组20例。AHH组和AC组于麻醉诱导前90 min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4,速率为20 ml/(kg·h),扩容量20 ml/kg;C组输注乳酸钠林格氏液6~8 ml/(kg·h)。AC组在手术开始后静脉输注硝酸甘油行控制性降压,速率为0.5~5μg(kg·min),维持MAP(65±5)mmHg,术毕前约30 min停止控制性降压,调整血压至降压前水平。术中持续监测血流动力学参数,记录患者术中出血量、尿量及异体输血情况;分别于AHH前(T_0)、AHH后15 min(T_1)、60 min(T_2)和术毕(T_3)时,经桡动脉和颈内静脉球部采集血样行血气分析,计算动脉-颈内静脉血氧含量差(DajvO_2)和脑氧摄取率(CERO_2),并测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(Hct)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及部分活化凝血活酶时间(AFFT)。结果与C组比较,AHH组术中尿量增多屏体输血率及异体输血量减少(P<0.05),术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);AC组术中尿量增多,出血量、异体输血率及异体输血量均减少(P<0.05)。与T_0时和C组比较,AHH组和AC组T_1~T_3时,Da-jvO_2、CERO_2、Hb及Hct均降低,PT及APTT延长(P<0.05);与AHH组比较,AC组T_1~T_3时Da-jvO_2及CERO_2降低(P<0.05),Hb、Hct、PT及APTT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术前应用6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4行急性高容量血液稀释联合硝酸甘油控制性降压对患者围术期脑氧代谢无不良影响,且可减少患者术中失血量及异体血输注量,与单纯急性高容量血液稀释比较更有优势,可安全用于全髋关节置换术。     

术前血清白蛋白水平对老年股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术后切口感染的预测价值分析

目的 探讨术前血清白蛋白水平对老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节置换术后切口感染的预测价值。方法 选取2021年6月至2022年6月河南大学第一附属医院收治的96例行人工髋关节置换术治疗的老年股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,收集患者性别、年龄、麻醉方式、手术方式、是否合并糖尿病、是否合并高血压、是否长期使用抗凝药物、术前血清白蛋白水平等资料,根据髋关节置换术后1周切口是否发生感染将患者分为感染组与未感染组,分析术前血清白蛋白水平对老年股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术后切口感染的预测价值。结果 96例老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节置换术后1周发生切口感染7例(7.29%),设为感染组;未发生切口感染89例(92.71%),设为未感染组。点二列相关性分析结果显示,术前血清白蛋白水平与老年股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术后切口感染呈显著负相关性(r=-0.247,P=0.015);受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,术前血清白蛋白水平预测老年股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术后切口感染的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.773,特异度为71.4%,敏感度为75.3%。结论 术前血清白蛋白水平可作为临床预测老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节置换术后切口感染...     

肝移植术后凝血功能动态观察及临床意义

 目的 动态观察原位肝移植(OLT)术前、后 5项凝血指标的变化,探讨其临床意义.方法 检测41例终末期肝病患者OLT术前和术后1～7 d的凝血酶原(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、凝血酶(T T)、抗凝血酶(AT-Ⅲ).结果 肝移植患者普遍术前凝血机制差,术后1～3 d ,PT、APTT延长,Fbg、ATⅢ减低,3 d后凝血功能逐渐恢复.各种术后并发症可影响凝血功能恢复,尤其是出血或血栓发生.结论 肝移植患者术后凝血功能恢复与多种因素有关,包括术前仔细评估肝脏凝血功能并进行纠正,术中肝动脉重建的外科技术 ,术后根据病情调整凝血紊乱,积极防止血栓和出血的发生.     

髋关节置换术围术期凝血功能改变及其临床意义

 目的 研究髋关节置换术患者围术期凝血功能改变及其临床意义.方法 观察组为20例股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术的老年患者,分别于骨折后当天(TP1 )、骨折后1 d、骨折后3 d(即手术当天麻醉前T0 )、手术开始后2h(T1)、术后第1天(T2)和术后第3天(T3)采静脉血,检测并记录血小板计数和凝血系列,并在T0、T1、T2、T3时间用血栓弹性描记仪检测TEG.另选10例健康人做为对照组.结果 对照组各项指标均正常.观察组的APTT在TP1缩短,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),PT、INR、TT和血小板数量与对照组比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组FIB、D-二聚体增加,TEG的R值缩短,α角、MA、CI增大,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)观察组内不同时间点比较也有显著性差异.结论 髋关节置换术围术期血液呈高凝状态,术后1～3d高凝状态有加重趋势,PT、INR、TT和血小板数量在围术期无显著变化,FIB、D-二聚体和TEG是判断血液高凝状态的敏感性指标,TEG各项指标中与高凝状态关系密切的是R值、α角、MA、CI.     

肝病患者凝血指标的检测及临床应用

目的:探讨肝病患者凝血4项指标的变化及临床意义。方法:采用美国贝克曼库尔特全自动血凝仪(ACLAdvance)对40例正常对照组、25例肝炎组、15例肝癌组、20例肝硬化组的凝血酶原时间(TT),活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)进行检测。结果:各肝病组与对照组比较,PT、APTT和TT均明显延长(P<0.01),FIB均明显减低(P<0.01)。结论:肝病患者凝血功能异常,凝血4项指标检测对判断肝病患者的出血倾向和预后具有重要的临床意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.