芜湖市2014～2017年儿童入托入学预防接种证查验及疫苗补种情况分析

目的通过分析芜湖市入托入学儿童查验预防接种证和疫苗补种工作资料,了解芜湖市预防接种证查验工作开展情况。方法收集芜湖市2014～2017年入托入学新生预防接种证查验督导资料、查验接种证及补证补种汇总资料并进行描述性分析。结果 2014～2017年全市托幼机构及学校儿童预防接种证查验单位覆盖率均为100%;4年入托入学新生平均查验率为98.78%;2014～2017托幼机构和学校新生持证率为99.50%,入托入学新生平均补证率99.61%;8种国家免疫规划(NIP)疫苗平均补种率为96.88%,除2017年少数疫苗补种率未达95%,其余各年度各NIP疫苗补种率都在95%以上。结论芜湖市新生入托入学查验预防接种证制度的执行现状良好,工作日趋规范,但仍需卫生与教育部门高度重视,在查验和补种环节有效沟通和协作。     

营口地区2011年入托、入学接种证查验情况分析

目的了解营口地区儿童预防接种证查验工作现状。方法按照统一方案对营口地区2011年入托入学儿童预防接种证进行查验。结果营口地区托幼机构和学校查验率、登记率100%,入托入学儿童预防接种证持证率83.12%。疫苗漏种程度从高到底依次为乙脑疫苗、流脑疫苗、麻疹疫苗、百白破疫苗、脊灰疫苗、乙肝、卡介苗。各(市)区入托入学儿童持证率、疫苗补种率有差异。结论多部门合作促进入托入学儿童预防接种证查验和补种(补证)工作,减少可预防传染病在学校和托幼机构的暴发流行,保护儿童的身体健康。     

2006～2011年潍坊市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种情况分析

[目的]了解潍坊市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验情况,探讨有效的管理方法。[方法]对2006～2011年潍坊市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验和疫苗补种资料进行分析。[结果]2006～2011年,全市托幼机构、小学预防接种证查验率为100.00%;入托入学儿童预防接种平均持证率为95.30%。入托入学儿童白破疫苗、流脑疫苗、含麻疹成分疫苗、乙脑疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破混合制剂、乙肝疫苗、卡介苗6年平均补种率分别为96.98%、96.28%、96.50%、96.08%、96.08%、94.39%、96.67%、94.47%。持证率、补证率、疫苗补种率,入托儿童分别为95.78%、99.10%、93.93%,入学儿童分别为94.83%、97.75%、90.50%(P<0.01)。[结论]潍坊市入托入学儿童预防接种证持证率与疫苗补种率均较高。     

2006—2011年潍坊市坊子区儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种情况

目的了解潍坊市坊子区儿童预防接种证查验情况,探讨有效的管理方法。方法收集入托入学儿童预防接种证现场查验和疫苗补种资料,采用Excel和社会科学统计软件包14.0进行统计分析。结果 2006—2011年,该区托幼机构、学校预防接种证查验率、普及率均为100%,入托入学儿童预防接种持证率为95.30%。疫苗漏缺种程度从高到低依次为流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)疫苗、流行性乙型脑炎疫苗、白喉破伤风疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、含麻疹成分疫苗、百日咳白喉破伤风疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、卡介苗。疫苗补种率91.15%～98.12%,入托、入学儿童持证率、疫苗补种率差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.35、21.04,均P0.01)。结论坊子区入托入学预防接种证查验工作取得了明显成绩,教育,卫生部门应进一步加强协调与配合,促进入托入学接种证查验和疫苗补种工作。     

2017年河南省入托入学儿童查验预防接种证现状分析

目的了解河南省入托入学儿童接种证查验工作开展情况,为进一步完善查验工作策略提供依据。方法收集河南省2017年入学入托儿童预防接种证查验情况资料,建立数据库并进行分析。结果 2017年全省共查验学校和托幼机构数54 105所,共查验儿童3 068 345人,托幼机构查验率为99.96%,小学查验率为99.91%,托幼儿童查验率为99.22%,小学儿童查验率为99.43%。托幼儿童和小学儿童全程接种率分别为87.07%、84.78%。托幼机构和小学的各疫苗的补种率均在90.00%。结论全省入托入学儿童预防接种证查验情况良好,全程接种率和疫苗补种率维持在一个相对较高的水平,但仍有部分儿童未完成全程免疫,需要各部门积极配合,促进预防接种工作全面顺利进行。     

芜湖市2010～2012年入托入学儿童预防接种证查验情况分析

目的了解芜湖市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验情况,探讨有效的管理方法,以提高国家免疫规划（NIP）疫苗接种率,控制相应传染病发病率。方法收集芜湖市2010~2012年入托入学儿童预防接种证查验督导资料及查验报表资料,采用描述性方法进行分析。结果 2010~2012年芜湖市托幼机构及学校儿童预防接种证查验单位覆盖率除2010年为99.60%外,2011年及2012年均达100%;2010~2012年全市共有入托入学儿童225 568人,平均查验率为99.15%,每年均在98%以上。无预防接种证人数4 810人,占新生总数的2.13%,平均补证率为99.58%,每年均在98%以上,2012年已达100%;需要补种国家免疫规划疫苗（NIP）种类共8种,计82 949剂次,除2010年甲肝疫苗补种率90.68%外,其余各年各NIP疫苗补种率均在95%以上。结论芜湖市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验工作实施情况良好,但是某些NIP疫苗补种率较低。     

2009-2011年成都市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种情况分析

目的了解成都市入托入学新生预防接种证查验和补种工作状况。方法对2009-2011年该市入托入学新生预防接种证现场查验和疫苗补种资料进行分析。结果 3年间,全市托幼机构、学校预防接种证平均查验率为99.53%,新生查验率为98.76%,新生补证率为97.4%,免疫规划基础5苗（乙肝、脊灰、百白破、麻疹、白破疫苗）补种率为95.86%,扩大免疫规划疫苗（麻腮风、乙脑、A群流脑、A＋C群流脑、甲肝疫苗）补种率为95.67%。结论 2009-2011年成都市的入托入学新生预防接种证查验工作完成较好,查验率、补证率、补种率均较高,但还需卫生和教育部门密切配合,采取多种措施,促进补种工作顺利完成。     

2008年潍坊市入托入学儿童预防接种证查验情况调查

[目的]了解潍坊市儿童预防接种证查验和计划免疫工作现状。[方法]按照统一方案对潍坊市2008年入托入学儿童预防接种证进行查验。[结果]全市托幼机构、学校预防接种证查验率、登记率均达100.00%,入托入学儿童预防接种证持证率为89.95%。疫苗漏缺种率从高到低依次为白破疫苗、流脑疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙脑疫苗、脊灰疫苗、甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗、百白破疫苗、卡介苗。且各县市区的预防接种持证率和补种率之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]建议采取多种措施,促进入托入学接种证查验和计划免疫工作。     

2014年广西入托人学儿童预防接种证查验工作效果分析

目的 了解广西入托入学儿童预防接种证查验工作开展情况和效果,探讨有效管理方法.方法 收集广西2014年入托入学儿童查验接种证和补证、补种疫苗的报表资料,进行分类比较和统计分析.结果 2014年全区113个县(市、区)开展儿童入托入学查验预防接种证工作,覆盖率为100.00%(113/113).查验托幼机构14174所,小学14041所,托幼机构和小学查验率均达100.00%,查验儿童1789111名,占应查儿童99.95%,儿童持证率99.08%,全程接种率74.88%,补证率99.88%,补种率98.12%,乙肝疫苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、白破疫苗、含麻疹类疫苗、A群流脑疫苗、A+C群流脑疫苗、乙脑减毒疫苗和甲肝减毒疫苗补种率分别为74.39%、91.96%、82.45%、89.50%、90.64%、77.15%、89.37%、86.25%和87.30%,全区全程接种率从补种前的74.88%,上升到98.35%.结论 广西入托入学儿童预防接种证查验工作取得明显成效,在今后的查验工作中教育部门与卫生部门应加强沟通配合,及时追踪漏种儿童的疫苗补种情况,进一步提高疫苗补种率.     

2010-2012年北京市大兴区入托入学儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种情况

目的通过对北京市大兴区各托幼机构和学校儿童预防接种证进行查验,了解儿童免疫规划疫苗接种情况,探讨有效的预防接种管理办法。方法收集该区连续3年的入托入学儿童预防接种证查验和疫苗补种资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果2010-2012年共查验儿童92542人,查验覆盖率100％。有预防接种证的89106人,持证率96．29％,10种免疫规划疫苗接种率在88．28％～99．94％。累计补种疫苗32004剂次,补种率99．95％。入托儿童持证率、疫苗接种率总体高于入学儿童,北京市户籍儿童持证率、疫苗接种率均高于流动儿童。结论大兴区入托入学儿童预防接种证查验及疫苗补种工作取得明显成效,重点应加强学校和流动儿童免疫规划工作管理,卫生和教育部门应相互配合进一步完善查验补种工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.