新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白的免疫效果分析

目的:研究新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白的免疫效果.方法:本次研究选取的研究对象为在本院住院分娩的HBsAg阳性孕妇220名和HBsAg阴性孕妇180名,分别纳入HBsAg阳性组、HBsAg阴性组,收治时间为2014年11月1日~2016年8月31日,HBsAg阳性孕妇所生新生儿接种10μg乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白,HBsAg阴性孕妇所生新生儿接种5μg或10μg乙肝疫苗,对比血清学指标和母婴阻断情况.结果:HBsAg阳性组中接种10μg乙肝疫苗组新生儿的HBsAg阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率同接种10μg乙肝疫苗+100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白组的新生儿相比不存在较大的差距(P>0.05);HBsAg阴性组中接种5μg乙肝疫苗组新生儿的HBsAg阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率与接种10μg乙肝疫苗组的新生儿进行对比差异较小(P>0.05);HBsAg阳性组中接种10μg乙肝疫苗+100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白组的母婴阻断成功率比接种10μg乙肝疫苗组高(P<0.05).结论:针对HBsAg阴性孕妇所生的新生儿,实施接种5μg或10μg乙肝疫苗的免疫效果较好;针对HBsAg阳性孕妇所生的新生儿,采取接种10μg乙肝疫苗和100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白的免疫方案效果良好.     

乙型肝炎病毒垂直传播及其预防效果的调查

目的:评估乙肝父婴传播及母婴传播情况及阻断效果。方法:以男方HBsAg阳性所生的7-24月龄的婴幼儿为父亲HBsAg阳性组,子女出生后均接种乙肝疫苗;女方HBsAg阳性所生的7-24月龄的婴幼儿为母亲HBsAg阳性组,子女出生后均在24h内注射乙肝免疫球蛋白并接种乙肝疫苗。分别检测父亲或母亲以及婴幼儿血清的乙肝标志物和HBV-DNA。结果:随访HBsAg阳性父亲及其小孩共117对,没有发现婴幼儿HBsAg阳性者,93名婴幼儿抗-HBs阳性,阳性率为79.5%(93/117);HBsAg阳性母亲及其婴幼儿共491对,14名婴幼儿HB-sAg阳性,母婴传播率2.9%(14/491),398名婴幼儿出现抗-HBs,阳性率为81.1%(398/491)。父亲或母亲HB-sAg阳性组之婴幼儿抗-HBs阳性率差异无显著性(χ2=0.769,P>0.05)。结论:本研究未发现乙型肝炎病毒父婴垂直传播;对新生儿采取主被动免疫方案后,HBV母婴传播率约为2.9%;经免疫后约20%子女抗-HBs阴性。     

乙肝疫苗联合HBIG阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的临床研究

目的 研究HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性的母亲孕晚期肌注HBIG(乙肝免疫球蛋白)及婴儿出生后HBIG联合乙肝疫苗对HBV母婴传播及慢性化阻断的效果.方法 随机将141名HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性的母亲及所生的新生儿按不同的阻断方法分为3组,在新生儿及12个月龄时,采血清检测HBsAg和抗-HBs,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 阻断Ⅱ组和对照组新生儿HBsAg阳性率分别为2.22%和26.00%,差异具有显著性(P<0.005);阻断Ⅱ组和对照组新生儿抗-HBs阳转率分别为33.33%和10.00%,差异有显著性(P<0.005);阻断Ⅰ组、阻断Ⅱ组和对照组的12月龄婴儿HBsAg阳性率分别为8.70%、2.22%和26.00%,差异有显著性(P<0.005);阻断Ⅰ组、阻断Ⅱ组和对照组的12月龄婴儿抗-HBs阳转率分别为78.26%、73.33%和64.00%,差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 乙肝免疫球蛋白与乙肝疫苗联合免疫可显著提高乙肝疫苗阻断婴儿出生后HBsAg阳转及HBV感染慢性化.     

HBIG联合乙肝疫苗阻断HBV母婴传播的效果研究

目的 观察HBIG联合乙肝疫苗阻断HBV母婴传播的临床效果.方法 将138名HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性的母亲及所生的新生儿按不同的阻断方法随机分为3组,在新生儿及婴儿12个月龄时,采血清检测HBsAg和抗-HBs,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 研究Ⅱ组和对照组新生儿HBsAg阳性率分别为2.22%和26.53%,差异具有显著性（P＜0.005）;研究Ⅱ组和对照组新生儿抗-HBs阳转率分别为31.11%和8.16%,差异有显著性（P＜0.005）;研究Ⅰ组、研究Ⅱ组和对照组的12月龄婴儿HBsAg阳性率分别为6.82%、2.22%和26.53%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）;研究Ⅰ组、研究Ⅱ组和对照组的12月龄婴儿抗-HBs阳转率分别为79.55%、73.33%和65.31%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 乙肝免疫球蛋白与乙肝疫苗联合免疫阻断母婴垂直传播的效果优于单独接种乙肝疫苗.     

重组酵母乙肝疫苗对新生儿免疫效果的评价

目的研究新生儿接种国产5μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗的免疫效果及影响因素。方法从东莞市石碣医院预防接种门诊登记的,2005年7～12月出生的,按规定接种程序完成乙肝疫苗接种的新生儿中随机抽取303名进行横断面调查研究。结果新生儿免疫后抗-HBs几何平均滴度(GMT)为(201.36±14.89)mIU/ml。母亲乙肝HBsAg阳性/阴性、母亲乙肝HBeAg阳性/阴性、男/女、是否出生低体重、是否早产、本地/外地的新生儿之间抗-HBs抗体GMT差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。抗-HBs阳转率为97.69%,达到卫生部规定的免疫成功率指标(85%)(t=6.19,P<0.001);母亲HBsAg阳性/阴性、HBeAg阳性/阴性的新生儿之间抗-HBs阳转率差别有统计学意义。新生儿HBsAg阳性率0.33%,母亲乙肝HBeAg阳性/阴性的新生儿HBsAg阳性率差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫后母婴传播阻断保护率为96.16%。结论新生儿接种国产5μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗具有良好的免疫效果,与乙肝免疫球蛋白100 IU联合使用,有良好的母婴传播阻断保护作用。母亲乙肝感染状况(HBsAg、HBeAg阳性)是影响新生儿乙肝抗-HBs阳转率的危险因素;母亲乙肝HBeAg阳性是影响新生儿乙肝疫苗母婴传播阻断保护率的危险因素。     

HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿对乙肝疫苗免疫应答的动态观察

50名 HBsAg 阳性母亲的婴儿,用国产乙肝疫苗免疫接种,采用0、1、6三剂方案,每剂20μg/ml,肌肉注射。接种乙肝疫苗后1、3、6及12个月时,抗-HBs 阳性率分别为20%、44%、72%与82%;S/N 均值分别为4.98、20.85、60.79与86.72。6月龄时,16名 HBeAg 阴性母亲的婴儿,HBsAg 全部阴性;34名 HBeAg 阳性母亲的婴儿,6名 HBsAg 阳性,占17.6%(6/34),可降低婴儿 HBsAg携带率76.5%。根据血清学检测,婴儿对乙肝疫苗免疫反应有6种类型。     

乙肝疫苗单独及与乙肝免疫球蛋白联合免疫不同接种方法阻断母婴垂直传播的效果观察

目的　研究对HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性母亲及她们所生的新生儿采用不同的阻断方法 ,阻断母婴传播的效果有何不同。方法　在道里区的 4家产科单位选择 2 0 0 1- 0 1- 0 1～ 2 0 0 3- 0 6 - 30期间 ,由HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性母亲所生的 15 8名新生儿按阻断方法的不同分为 3组 ,于婴儿 12个月龄时 ,采血检测HBsAg和抗 -HBs。结果　 3组的HBsAg阳性率分别为 2 6 32 %、11 4 8%和 10 % ,其中采用乙肝疫苗与乙肝免疫球蛋白联合免疫的两组HBsAg阳性率显著低于单独采用乙肝疫苗免疫组 (P <0 0 5 )。 3组抗 -HBs阳转率分别为 74 14 %、81 97%和 75 % ,各组间阳转率无显著性差异。结论　乙肝免疫球蛋白与乙肝疫苗联合免疫对母婴垂直传播的阻断效果优于单独接种乙肝疫苗 ,但乙肝免疫球蛋白与乙肝疫苗联合免疫哪种方法更好还有待进一步研究     

双剂量乙肝免疫球蛋白联合乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝母婴传播的效果调查

目的回顾性调查分析乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性孕妇所生的婴儿经联合接种乙肝疫苗和双剂量200IU乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)后产生的预防效果。方法研究对象为320例HBsAg阳性孕妇所生的婴儿,出生后联合接种10mg乙肝疫苗(0、1、6个月)和双剂量200IU HBIG(0、2周),出生后第7个月检测婴儿血液HBsAg和抗HBs浓度。结果 2.8%的婴儿(9/320)乙肝免疫预防失败(HBsAg阳性),2.5%的婴儿(8/320)呈免疫应答无反应(抗HBs浓度<10IU/L),94.7%的婴儿(303/320)免疫应答有反应(抗HBs≥10IU/L)。HBeAg阴性和HBeAg阳性孕妇所生的婴儿免疫接种失败率分别为0%和5.17%(P<0.05),HBV DNA阴性和HBV DNA阳性孕妇所生的婴儿免疫接种失败率分别为0%和4.41%(P<0.05),但母亲HBeAg和HBV DNA阳性与婴儿对乙肝疫苗无免疫应答不相关(P>0.05)。结论通过联合乙肝疫苗和双剂量200IUHBIG接种,绝大多数婴儿(94.7%)在出生后第7个月可产生保护性抗体,母亲HBeAg和HBV DNA可影响婴儿的乙肝免疫预防失败率,但与婴儿对乙肝疫苗免疫应答无反应不相关。     

乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播阻断的研究

本文对276例HBsAg阳性母亲及其新生儿血清进行HBV标志检测。母血HBeAg和PHSA-R阳性率分别为48.9％和52.9％。婴儿脐血HBsAg阳性率9.8％(27/276)。对276例新生儿按0、1、3、6月程序,每次肌肉注射乙肝疫苗10μg进行阻断研究。生后9月龄,脐血HBsAg阴性组212例抗-HBs阳转率86.8％,随访24月龄时抗-HBs阳性率91.4％。脐血HBsAg阳性组27例抗HBs阳转率51.9％,9例HBsAg持续阳性。母血HBV标志和婴儿性别对疫苗阻断效果无明显影响。抗-HBs阳转组婴儿血清PHSA-R和HBV-DNA检测均阴性。表明单独使用乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播可取得满意效果。     

及时全程接种乙肝疫苗和同时接种乙肝免疫球蛋白后母婴阻断效果观察

目的观察乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒表面抗原阳性母亲所生婴儿及时接种乙肝疫苗和同时接种乙肝免疫球蛋白后母婴阻断效果。方法选择2011年1-6月出生的HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿299例,分为A、B两组进行效果观察,A组126例,24 h内及时接种10μg重组乙肝疫苗（汉逊酵母）;B组173例,在24 h内及时接种乙肝疫苗时,同时接种100 UI人乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白,所有婴儿按0、1、6个月完成全程免疫后,7~12个月做乙肝两对半检测。结果 A组126名及时接种乙肝疫苗婴儿中,Anti-HBs有效保护数34例,保护率26.98%;B组173名及时接种乙肝疫苗同时接种乙肝免疫球蛋白的婴儿中,Anti-HBs有效保护数108例,保护率62.43%,统计学分析比较,P〈0.01,二者差异显著,B组保护率显著高于A组。结论HBsAg阳性母亲新生儿出生时,及时接种乙肝疫苗并同时接种乙肝免疫球蛋白,母婴阻断效果优于仅及时接种乙肝疫苗者。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.