Tumor abscess formation caused by Morganella morganii complicated with bacteremia in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor

We report the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with a 3-day history of watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. An image of the abdomen showed a heterogeneously echogenic mass lesion in the pelvis. The results of the blood cultures performed on admission showed the presence of Morganella morganii. Computed tomography-guided tube drainage was performed, and a culture of the drained abscess fluid yielded M. morganii growth. Exploratory laparotomy with segmental resection of the jejunum and excision of the tumor was performed. Pathological examination showed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). A GIST abscess caused by M. morganii was diagnosed on the basis of radiological, microbiological, and histopathological findings. The possibility of an infected GIST should be considered during the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected abdominal neoplasm and bacteremia.     

Solitary Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Small Intestine: Findings Obtained during Intraoperative Enteroscopy

Abstract: A 59-year-old male with an established diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity plus multiple pulmonary metastases was referred to our hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Double-contrast study of the small intestine revealed a filling defect in the middle of the ileum. lntraoperative enteroscopy revealed that the ileal tumor was ulcerated, and that it was covered by ileal mucosa of normal appearance. Because no other lesions were identified within the intestine, the ileal segment with the tumor was surgically removed. The tumor was diagnosed as malignant melanoma with a histology similar to that of nasal mass. The patient has survived for the subsequent 13 months, during which no gastrointestinal symptoms recurred. Our case suggests that metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a single small intestinal tumor. (Dig Endose 1999; 11: 47–51)     

Multicentric Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare type of sarcoma that is found in the digestive system, most often in the wall of the stomach. Multiple GISTs are extremely rare and usually associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis and familial GIST.We report here a case of a 70-year-old woman who reported pain in the abdomen, loss of appetite, and weight loss for six months. Ultrasound examination showed a small bowel mass along with multiple peritoneal deposits and a mass within the liver. Barium studies were suggestive of a neoplastic pathology of the distal ileum. A differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma/lymphoma with metastases was entertained. Perioperative findings showed two large growths arising from the jejunum and the distal ileum, along with multiple smaller nodules on the serosal surface and adjoining mesentery of the involved bowel segments. Segmental resection of the involved portions of the intestine was performed. Histopathological features were consistent with those of multicentric malignant GIST-not otherwise specified (GIST-NOS). Follow-up examination three months after surgery showed no evidence of recurrence.     

Development of enterohepatic fistula after embolization in ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract that has been associated with the formation of fistulas to adjacent organs in few case reports.However,GIST with enterohepatic fistula has not been reported.Here we report the case of an enterohepatic fistula that occurred after embolization of a liver mass originating in the distal ileum.An 87-year-old woman was hospitalized for melena.On initial conventional endoscopy,a bleeding focus in the gastrointestinal tract was not found.Because of massive hematochezia,enteroscopy was performed through the anus.A protruding,ulcerative mass was found in the distal ileum that was suspected to be the source of the bleeding;a biopsy sample was taken.Electrocoagulation was not successful in controlling the bleeding;therefore,embolization was performed.After embolization,the patient developed a high fever and severe abdominal tenderness with rebound tenderness.Follow-up abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed an enterohepatic fistula between the liver and distal ileum.The fistula was treated surgically by segmental resection of the distal ileum and unlooping of the liver mass.     

A ruptured large extraluminal ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor causing hemoperitoneum

We describe an 87-year-old woman with a large ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST） causing hemoperitoneum. A CT scan demonstrated a large heterogeneous mass measuring about 13 cm × 11 cm in the pelvis and hemoperitoneum, with a non-uniform enhancement pattern. The mass was diagnosed as a GIST originating from the gastrointestinal tract. She underwent an urgent laparotomy and an ileal GIST with a rupture was found 130 cm from the anal to the Treitz’s ligament. Hemoperitoneum caused by ileal GIST rupture is a rare condition. Bleeding in the large tumor leading to rupture of the capsule might cause hemoperitoneum in the present case.     

A Case of Ileal Malignant Lymphoma Presenting with Intussusception

Abstract: A-66-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of intermittent abdominal pain. Colonoscopy and barium enema indicated intussusception of a submucosal tumor of the ileum into the ascending colon. Surgery was thus carried out. The tumor was located 25 cm from the ileocecal junction, measured 4.1 × 3.2×2.3 cm, and showed intraluminal growth. Histopathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed a diffuse mixed cell type malignant lymphoma, and the tumor had invaded the subserosal layer. Intussusception due to malignant lymphoma is relatively rare in adults. We reviewed 43 cases of ileal lymphoma involving intussusception, reported in Japan over the preceding 12 years, and these cases are discussed along with the present case.     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a broad clinical spectrum from incidental -discovery to acute gastrointestinal bleeding

Three cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are reported as typical examples of the broad clinical spectrum in which these rare tumors can be detected. The first case describes an 82-year-old patient with a hemorrhagic shock due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a GIST of the stomach. GIST most frequently present with either gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain or a detectable mass on physical examination or by ultrasound imaging. Clinically asymptomatic tumor growth also occurs as demonstrated by the second case of a 44-year-old -woman with an incidental finding of GIST during surgery of the esophagus. The cases are used to discuss the consequences for therapy and prognosis resulting from the heterogeneity of this tumor entity; the relevant immunohistochemical markers used to distinguish between various tumor subtypes of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors (GIMT) are listed. Since gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent the most common subgroup of GIMT, we focus on the clinicopathological prognostic factors of GIST. The third case of a 40-year-old patient with a malignant GIST recurrence after surgery and exhibiting secondary resistance after one year of successful therapy with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec), antagonizing pathogenetically relevant constitutive c-KIT activation, illustrates the potential and limitations of the only effective drug treatment for advanced GIST.     

胃肠道间质瘤137例分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)发病的一般情况和诊断方法的准确率。方法回顾分析中国医科大学附属第一医院2006年4月-2013年10月经手术、病理诊断的137例GIST的内镜、影像学及临床资料。结果 GIST的发病年龄集中于45~65岁,男女比例为1.1∶1,就诊时表现腹痛52例(38.0%),腹部包块40例(29.2%),消化道出血27例(19.7%),其他症状18例(13.1%)。本组患者CD117和CD34的阳性表达率分别为74.5%、67.2%。内镜检查的符合率为88.31%,CT检查的符合率为93.28%。结论 GIST好发于中年患者,男女无明显差异,以腹痛、腹部肿块、消化道出血为主要临床表现,GIST的诊断有赖于胃镜、CT、病理及免疫组织化学检查,GIST应采取相应的影像学检查手段。     

A case of carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum and simultaneous ovarian dermoid cyst

Carcinoid tumors are slow-growing malignant neoplasms associated with an indolent clinical course. About 60% of such tumors are located within the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we describe the first case, to our knowledge, of a carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum and a simultaneous ovarian dermoid cyst. A 57-year-old woman was presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and clinical signs of mechanical bowel obstruction. Radiograph and computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed hydroaeric levels. Laparotomy revealed a mass in the terminal ileum and a right ovarian cystic mass. Right hemicolectomy and right oopherectomy were performed. The histopathological workup showed a carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum and ovarian dermoid cyst. Small intestinal carcinoid tumor, an uncommon disease, has been reported earlier to coincide with various neoplasms. No association between small intestinal carcinoid tumor and ovarian dermoid cyst has been reported earlier in the English literature.     

Ileal schwannoma developing into ileocolic intussusception

Intussusception is rare in adults. We describe a 47-yearold man with ileal schwannoma that led to ileocolic intussusception. Abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal CT scan and barium enema confirmed an ileal tumor. Colonoscopy revealed a peduncular submucosal tumor （SMT） 75 mm long with an ulcerated apex at the ascending colon. The provisional diagnosis was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the terminal ileum. Ileocecal resection was carried out and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as schwannoma. Abdominal pain resolved postoperatively. This case reminds us that ileal schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of intussusception caused by an SMT in the intestine.     

A case of primary angiosarcoma of small intestine presenting as recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding]

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor which occurs frequently in the skin and soft subcutis. Moreover, primary gastrointestinal angiosarcomas are very rare. This tumor manifests as non-specific symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain and nausea. The diagnosis is often made at an advanced stage. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the mainstay of treatment. However, the prognosis is very poor. We report a case of primary angiosarcoma of the small intestine presenting as recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. A 54-year-old man was admitted with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. An abdominal CT scan revealed an ileo-ileal intussusception. Segmental resection was performed with ileo-ileal anastomosis. The ileal mass was diagnosed as angiosarcoma on immunohistochemical stain. He received 3 cycles of chemotherapy, but died 5 months after the diagnosis.     

Perforation of metastatic melanoma to the small bowel with simultaneous gastrointestinal stromal tumor

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a common site of metastases for malignant melanoma. These metastatic tumors are often asymptomatic. We describe a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with a sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain. The patient's past medical history was significant for lentigo melanoma of the right cheek. Laparotomy was performed and two segments of small bowel, one with a perforated tumor, the other with a non-perforated tumor, were removed. Histology and immunohistochemical staining revealed the perforated tumor to be a metastatic malignant melanoma and the non-perforated tumor was found to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient was discharged 7 d postoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of a simultaneous metastatic malignant melanoma and a GIST. Surgical intervention is warranted in patients with symptomatic GIT metastases to improve the quality of life or in those patients with surgical emergencies.     

33例胃肠间质瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨胃肠间质瘤（GIST）的临床表现、诊断与外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析33例GIST患者的临床表现,CT、胃肠镜、超声内镜（EUS）等辅助检查资料,免疫组化诊断及外科手术治疗的结果。结果 33例患者临床表现为不同程度的上消化道出血、腹痛、腹胀、腹部包块等。均行手术治疗,肿瘤位于胃24例,十二指肠1例,小肠6例,直肠2例;术后病理诊断9例危险程度为极低度,7例危险程度为低度,8例危险程度为中度,9例危险程度为高度;免疫组化以CD117、CD34阳性率较高,分别为90.9%,87.9%。结论 GIST临床症状无特异性,术前诊断困难,确诊依赖于病理检查及免疫组化,外科手术治疗是首选方法,分子靶向治疗可缓解肿瘤复发,改善预后。     

36例胃肠道间质瘤的临床诊治

目的 总结胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的临床诊疗经验和病理学特征.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月至2005年4月收治的36例GIST的临床和病理资料.结果 最常见临床表现为腹部隐痛不适19例,消化道出血12例,腹部包块7例.最常见病变部位为胃26例,小肠8例.病程1天～2年.肿块平均直径7.2 cm.CD117阳性29例,CD34阳性30例.总的随访率为31/36（86.1%）,11例死亡.结论 GIST术前确诊较困难,确诊主要依靠病理学观察和免疫组化检测,联合CD117和CD34检测可提高GIST诊断.手术完整切除肿瘤是治疗GIST的关键.     

Urgent surgery for intraperitoneal bleeding from GIST during imatinib therapy

The rupture or bleeding of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a life-threatening adverse event that can happen during imatinib therapy, but few such cases have been reported in the medical literature. Here, we report a case of intraperitoneal bleeding from GIST during imatinib therapy. A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with a large GIST with liver metastasis and admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain on the 13th day of imatinib therapy. The pain disappeared after 7 days of hospitalization; however, the patient complained of diffuse abdominal pain 5 days after discharge. He presented with muscular guarding, and abdominal-pelvic CT demonstrated dense ascites. The tentative diagnosis was peritoneal hemorrhage from GIST, and urgent laparotomy was performed. During the laparotomy, we noted hemoperitoneum of approximately 500 ml; we resected a bulky metastatic tumor on the greater omentum and a primary tumor on the jejunum. The patient took imatinib (400 mg daily) from the ninth postoperative day and underwent monthly checkups for 9 months after the surgery. When GIST patients complain of sudden and severe abdominal pain during imatinib therapy, bleeding from GIST should be considered as a possible adverse effect of imatinib.     

Malignant tumor,of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor type,in the greater omentum

We report herein a rare case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) type, arising from the greater omentum. A 65-year-old man who had a large abdominal tumor was referred to our hospital. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) scans showed a mass occupying almost the entire abdomen anterior to the bowel loops. Abdominal angiography showed that the main feeding artery of the tumor was the right gastroepiploic artery. The preoperative diagnosis was suspected gastric leiomyosarcoma. Laparotomy revealed a large mass arising from the greater omentum, and the tumor seemed to be completely excised. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies indicated the tumor had the same characteristics as GIST. Twelve months after the operation, the tumor recurred in the peritoneal cavity at the site of the stomach, and was associated with multiple liver metastases. The patient died of hypovolemic shock. Necropsy revealed that rupture of one of the metastatic liver tumors had resulted in a massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage.     

Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor smaller than 20 mm with liver metastasis

There have been no reports of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) <20 mm with distant metastasis. We report a case of a 15-mm gastric GIST with liver metastasis 1 year after surgical resection of the primary lesion. A 35-year-old man underwent routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy in July 2009. A submucosal tumor (SMT) <20 mm was incidentally detected at the posterior wall of the gastric body. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) indicated that it was a gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor, including GIST, leiomyoma or schwannoma. He did not accept regular follow-up for this gastric SMT, therefore local laparoscopic excision was carried out in October 2009. The final pathological diagnosis after surgery was GIST, 15 mm in size, and a mitotic rate of 7/50 high-power fields, which did not indicate a high metastatic risk. The patient was followed up regularly without adjuvant chemotherapy. At 1 year after surgery, a space-occupying lesion ~15 mm was detected in the left lobe of the liver by abdominal ultrasound, where no mass lesion had been observed before surgery. To make a definite diagnosis of the hepatic mass lesion, EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed, which demonstrated a metastatic liver tumor from a gastric GIST. Although this was a rare case, we should keep in mind that gastric GISTs do have a chance of malignant behavior, even if <20 mm.     

Bleeding from foveolar hyperplasia developing on a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach

A 52‐year‐old Japanese woman who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding underwent a proximal gastrectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a foveolar hyperplasia at the apex of the tumor, 4.5 cm in size, located in the upper body of the stomach. Although GIST are often asymptomatic and are found only incidentally, clinical symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, or obstruction, occasionally lead to a premorbid diagnosis. When submucosal tumors present GI bleeding, the source of the bleeding usually is an ulceration of the mucosa over the tumor. However, in the present study, it was thought that the bleeding originated from the region of foveolar hyperplasia.     

The importance of follow-up examinations in patients with carcinoid tumor

Carcinoid tumors are rare forms of gastrointestinal tumors, although lately they have been found with increasing frequency. We report here the combined diagnosis of an intestinal metastasized carcinoid tumor. A 67-year-old patient was followed up during a nine-year period. In 1990 the patient was diagnosed with carcinoid tumor of intestinal origin with multiple liver metastases. Initial treatment consisted of partial resection of the intestine and resection of the liver. Since multiple liver metastases were found, chemoembolization was also performed. After this therapy the patient was free of complaints until 1996. That year the patient reported upper abdominal pain with occasional diarrhea. Given his past medical history and multiple hepatic metastases proven by three-dimensional ultrasonography, combined octreotide and interferon therapy was started following octreoscan scintigraphy. During a three-year period the patient was without complaints and the tumor marker value decreased to almost normal. In 1998 the patient at a regular follow-up visit complained about colic abdominal pain around the umbilical region. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a local wall thickening in the intestinal region. The computed tomography and selective enterography were positive as well. The surgical treatment and histology demonstrated intestinal recurrence of the tumor in the ileal region. After the operation we started a long-acting sandostatin and interferon treatment. We conclude that an ultrasound with a high index of clinical suspicion is a useful test for the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor in detection and in follow-up examinations.     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach with a giant abscess penetrating the gastric lumen

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In large GISTs, cystic degeneration, necrosis and focal hemorrhage that occur inside the tumor can result in gastrointestinal bleeding. We describe a case of a 74-year old male with GIST of the stomach accompanied with a giant abscess that penetrated the gastric lumen. The patient experienced undiagnosed fever for two months prior to hospitalization. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, X-ray series and computed tomography of the patient’s abdomen revealed a gastric submucosal tumor in the fornix, with a fistula to the gastric lumen that was inundated with a great deal of pus. The mass was diagnosed as a GIST from biopsy specimens. The patient was treated by endoscopic drainage of the abscess and intravenous administration of antibiotics. Eventually, a partial gastrectomy was performed. He was also administered Imanitib mesylate as adjuvant therapy. He was followed up for 2 years and no metastasis or recurrence was recognized at the follow- up examinations. This is the first report of a patient with clearly diagnosed GIST with endoscopic evidence of an abscess penetrating into the gastric lumen.