EGb761对星形胶质细胞iNOS基因表达的调控

目的：以脂多糖(LPS)和γ-干扰素(WN-γ)诱导体外培养的大鼠脑星形胶质细胞表达可诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、产生大量一氧化氮(NO)为病理条件下胶质细胞过度活化的实验模型，研究了银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对星形胶质细胞合成一氧化氮的作用以及对共培养的小脑颗粒神经元的作用。方法：应用逆转录基因扩增技术和蛋白质印迹技术检测了EGb761对星形胶质细胞中iNOS基因表达的影响，并探讨了这一调控作用的分子机理。结果：EGb76l能明显降低星形胶质细胞中iNOSmRNA和蛋白的表达、减少一氧化氮的生成、防止活化的胶质细胞损伤共培养神经元，抑制IKB-α的降解和阻止p65／RdA进入细胞核，结果提示EGb761对iNOS基因表达的抑制作用依赖于NF-κB信号通路。结论：实验结果提示EGb761可能对与胶质细胞过度活化有关的神经系统痰病具有治疗、预防的作用。     

嗅鞘细胞上清液对抗过氧化氢诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤的线粒体机制

目的： 研究嗅鞘细胞上清液（olfactory ensheathing cell conditioned medium, OECCM）对星形胶质细胞的保护作用及其线粒体机制。方法： 先用500 μmol/L H₂O₂ 损伤星形胶质细胞20 min;再以50%的OECCM继续培养细胞24 h。MTT法检测星形胶质细胞的活性,Hoechst 33342 染色法和蛋白质印迹法检测细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3的表达;用JC-1染色法检测线粒体的膜电位。结果： OECCM能减少H₂O₂诱导的细胞凋亡,减少caspase-3的表达,并且使线粒体膜电位增高。结论： OECCM可以对抗500 μmol/L H₂O₂诱导的星形胶质细胞凋亡,其机制可能与稳定线粒体膜电位有关。     

紫菀肽类组分诱导肝脏L-02细胞凋亡的机制

探讨紫菀肽类组分Fr-2的肝细胞毒性及其作用机制。采用二甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)检测人正常肝脏L-02细胞的活力,试剂盒检测LDH、ROS、GSH、细胞色素C和Caspase-9、Caspase-3的含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率和线粒体膜电位变化,Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白p-JNK、Bax、Bcl-2的表达。实验结果显示,紫菀肽类组分Fr-2可剂量/时间依赖性地抑制L-02细胞的生长,诱导细胞内的氧化应激反应,降低线粒体膜电位,促进细胞色素C的释放,升高Bax/Bcl-2的比值并激活Caspase-9、Caspase-3。以上结果表明,紫菀肽类组分Fr-2导致肝细胞毒性的主要诱因是氧化应激,主要作用机制是诱导线粒体依赖途径的细胞凋亡。     

蒺藜皂苷对PC12细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨蒺藜皂苷(GSTT)对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用.方法 用H2O2刺激PC12细胞使其发生氧化应激损伤,MTT法检测PC12细胞活性,流式细胞仪检测PC12细胞凋亡率及线粒体膜电位变化,Hoechst33258染色观察PC12细胞核形态,琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察DNA ladder图谱.结果 与模型组比较,GSTT各剂量组可使PC12细胞存活率提高(P<0.001,P<0.01),凋亡率降低,线粒体膜电位回升,细胞核浓染致密数减少,无典型DNA ladder条带,且在一定范围呈剂量依赖性.结论 蒺藜皂苷对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与稳定线粒体膜电位有关.     

缺血再灌注引起神经元凋亡及褪黑素抗凋亡的机制

目的 探讨模拟缺血再灌注引起神经元凋亡的途径和褪黑素(melatonin，MT)抗凋亡的作用机制。方法 用原代培养的SD乳鼠小脑颗粒细胞建立以缺氧缺糖模拟缺血再灌注模型，并加不同浓度的MT(10^-5、10^-7、10^-9mol／L)孵育。采用荧光比色法检测其线粒体跨膜电位及细胞内的活性氧；用Western blot及ELISA分别检测线粒体和胞质中的细胞色素C；比色法检测胞质中Caspase-3的活性。结果 在模拟缺血再灌注小脑颗粒细胞模型中，细胞内的活性氧在缺氧缺糖后明显增加；线粒体跨膜电位降低并随再灌注时间延长而加重；线粒体释放入胞质的细胞色素C增加，胞质的Caspase-3活性增加；MT可显著减少活性氧和抑制线粒体释放细胞色素C，抑制线粒体跨膜电位的降低，并呈一定剂量依赖性。结论 ①缺血再灌注引起的神经元凋亡部分是通过线粒体凋亡途径；②MT可通过抗氧化作用和阻止线粒体凋亡而抑制模拟缺血再灌注诱导的小脑颗粒细胞凋亡。     

银杏叶提取物对rhTNF-α诱导HeLa细胞凋亡和Caspase-8活性的影响

目的研究银杏叶提取物EGb761对肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）诱导HeLa细胞凋亡和Caspase-8活性的影响。方法采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡，Caspase-8荧光检测试剂盒测定Caspase-8活性。结果EGb761在10～40mg／L终浓度范围内对rhTNF-α诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡均有显著的抑制作用（P〈0．01），呈剂量依赖关系；EGb761在10～40mg／L终浓度范围内对rhTNF-α诱导的HeLa细胞Caspase-8活化均有显著的抑制作用（P〈0．01），呈剂量依赖关系。结论结果提示，EGb761抑制TNF-α诱导的HeLa细胞凋亡可能与其抑制Caspase-8活化有关。     

Src 激酶抑制剂PP2对星形胶质细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的探讨Src激酶抑制剂PP2对大鼠星形胶质细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用。方法实验分为正常对照组,缺氧/复氧组
（H/R;缺氧8 h/复氧24 h）,PP2 +缺氧/复氧组（PP2+H/R;缺氧前给予10 μmol/L PP2作用24 h）。MTT法检测各组星形胶质细胞
存活率,流式细胞术测定各组星形胶质细胞凋亡率,Western blotting法检测各组星形胶质细胞中Src激酶、Bax及Bcl-2的蛋白
表达。结果MTT检测结果显示H/R 损伤后细胞存活率降低,而在使用PP2预处理后细胞存活率增加（P<0.01）;流式细胞术实
验结果显示H/R 损伤后细胞凋亡增加,而在使用PP2预处理后细胞凋亡显著减少（P<0.01）;Western blotting法检测结果显示H/
R 损伤后Src激酶表达增加,用PP2预处理后Src激酶表达降低。H/R 损伤后凋亡相关蛋白Bax/Bcl-2的比值增加,在用PP2预
处理后Bax/Bcl-2的比值显著降低（P<0.01）。结论PP2可对星形胶质细胞H/R损伤起保护作用,其机制可能与抑制Src激酶的
蛋白表达和激活抗凋亡机制有关。
     

热休克预处理对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和金属硫蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨热休克预处理对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和金属硫蛋白表达的影响.方法:将体外培养的大鼠心肌细胞随机分为3组:对照组(C组)、H2O2损伤组和热休克预处理组,检测心肌细胞的凋亡、心肌细胞Caspase-3活性,并用Western blotting检测线粒体中细胞色素C和金属硫蛋白的表达.结果:与对照组相比,H2O2损伤组心肌细胞凋亡数目增加(P＜0.01),Caspase-3活性明显增高(P＜0.01),线粒体中细胞色素C和金属硫蛋白的蛋白表达量明显增高(P＜0.01),而给予热休克预处理的心肌细胞的凋亡数量和坏死细胞数较H2 O2损伤组明显下降(P＜0.01),参与细胞凋亡执行的Caspase-3活性明显降低(P＜0.01),细胞色素C和金属硫蛋白的蛋白表达量持续升高(P＜0.01).结论:热休克预处理能够抑制心肌细胞凋亡,增加对心肌起保护作用的金属硫蛋白的表达,减少线粒体细胞色素C的释放,从而对心肌细胞起保护性作用.     

丹参多酚酸与三七总皂苷合用保护OGD/R损伤胶质细胞线粒体、促进神经因子表达作用研究*

目的 探讨丹参多酚酸（Salvianolate Acid，SAL）和三七总皂苷（Panax Notoginseng Saponins，PNS）合用保护氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖（Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation，OGD/R）损伤后星形胶质细胞线粒体、促进神经营养因子表达的作用及机制。方法 大鼠星形胶质细胞原代培养，建立OGD/R损伤模型。Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）法检测星形胶质细胞活力，流式细胞仪检测活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）释放量、胞内Ca2+ 浓度、线粒体膜电位（mitochondrial membrane potential，MMP）变化，实时定量PCR（real time polymerase chain reaction，RT-PCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹（western blot，WB）法检测HIF-1α、PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白及脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF）、神经生长因子（nerve growth factor，NGF）、胰岛素样生长因子（insulin-like growth factors，IGF-1α）的表达情况。结果 胶质细胞OGD/R条件确定为OGD4h/R24h，给药浓度确定为SAL 25 μg·mL-1、PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1。与OGD/R组相比，SAL 25 μg·mL-1、PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1、SAL 25 μg·mL-1与PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1合用均能增强损伤后星形胶质细胞活力（P＜0.05），升高MMP，降低ROS释放量（P＜0.05），降低损伤后星形胶质细胞HIF-1α蛋白和mRNA的表达，升高磷脂酰肌醇激酶（PI3K）磷酸化水平（P＜0.05）；SAL还可升高mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平（P＜0.05），PNS可提高Akt磷酸化水平（P＜0.05），增加损伤星形胶质细胞BDNF mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）；SAL、SAL与PNS合用能增加损伤后星形胶质细胞 BDNF、NGF、IGF-1α mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）。结论 丹参多酚酸和三七总皂苷组分合用可保护OGD/R损伤后星形胶质细胞线粒体、促进胶质细胞表达神经营养因子BDNF、NGF、IGF-1α。     

水飞蓟宾对H2O2诱导SH⁃SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

目的：探究水飞蓟宾对过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导SH?SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法：采用体外培养方法,建立SH?SY5Y细胞的H2O2损伤模型。用水飞蓟宾预处理细胞后MTT法测定细胞的存活率;流式细胞术检测活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位的变化;Western blot法检测Cleaved?Caspase?9、Cleaved?Caspase?3蛋白表达情况。结果：与模型组比较,用50和100 μmol/L水飞蓟宾预处理SH?SY5Y细胞3 h能明显减轻H2O2诱导的SH?SY5Y损伤,显著提高细胞存活率（P < 0.01）和减少凋亡（P < 0.05）,减少细胞内ROS水平,稳定线粒体膜电位（P < 0.05）,使Cleaved?Caspase?9和Cleaved?Caspase?3的表达量下降。结论：水飞蓟宾可以保护SH?SY5Y细胞免受H2O2的损伤,其机制可能与水飞蓟宾的抗氧化性、保护线粒体膜电位和降低Cleaved?Caspase?9和Cleaved?Caspase?3的表达量有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.