肾动态显像对肾动脉狭窄的诊断意义

目的　探讨肾动态显像 (肾动态ECT)对临床诊断肾动脉狭窄的预测价值。方法　选取 5 0例临床上确诊冠心病合并高血压并怀疑肾血管性高血压 (RVH )的患者进行肾动态ECT、肾动脉造影等检查。结果　 5 0例病人中经肾动脉造影确诊肾动脉狭窄者 2 4例 ,肾动脉正常者 2 6例。ECT敏感性 75 % ,特异性 73.0 8%。肾动脉狭窄组与肾动脉正常组相比 ,肾动态ECT的各项参数有显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。结论　对于肾动脉狭窄的诊断 ,肾动态ECT检查是一种有效的无创性检查。     

卡托普利肾动态显像对肾动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的探讨卡托普利肾动态显像(肾显像)对肾动脉狭窄的诊断价值.方法回顾分析1993年～2007年我院临床确诊大动脉炎且怀疑有肾动脉受累的110例患者的临床资料.110例患者中男性25例,女性85例,平均年龄为(30.2±10.7)岁.所有患者均进行了肾动脉造影和卡托普利肾显像,并将最终结果分为肾动脉造影正常组(肾动脉无狭窄者,n=33)及肾动脉造影异常组(肾动脉狭窄者,n=77)进行统计分析.结果肾动脉造影证实77例有肾动脉狭窄(≥50%),其中双侧肾动脉狭窄者40例,单侧肾动脉狭窄37例.肾动脉造影异常组的77例肾动脉狭窄患者,73例卡托普利肾显像阳性;肾动脉造影正常组的33例中30例卡托普利肾显像阴性.卡托普利肾显像诊断大动脉炎性肾动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为94.8%、90.9%和93.6%.卡托普利肾显像诊断单侧肾动脉狭窄的敏感性为94.6%,诊断双侧肾动脉狭窄敏感性为95.0%.110例患者共220支肾动脉,117支肾动脉造影有狭窄病变,其中104支卡托普利肾显像阳性;103支无明显狭窄的肾动脉中,94支卡托普利肾显像阴性.卡托普利肾显像判断血管病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为88.9%、91.3%和90.0%.结论卡托普利肾显像与肾动脉造影比较对大动脉炎患者肾动脉狭窄有较高的诊断价值,卡托普利肾显像可作为大动脉炎是否累及肾动脉病变的一种无创性筛选诊断方法.     

卡托普利肾动态显像对老年人动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的诊断价值

该文评估卡托普利肾动态显像对老年人动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法:经肾动脉造影证实的。肾动脉正常者22例(对照组)和28例老年ARAS 患者(ARAS 组)行卡托普利肾动态显像检查,评价卡托普利肾动态显像诊断 ARAS 的敏感性、特异     

肾动脉狭窄的临床诊断

目的:探讨肾动脉狭窄患者的临床诊断依据和方法。方法:回顾性分析2004年10月至2005年10月在我院介入科行肾动脉造影证实为双肾或单肾肾动脉狭窄患者的临床表现及相关的检查。结果:41例患者经造影证实有双侧或单侧肾动脉狭窄。其中:(1)82.9%(34/41)的患者血压控制不理想;(2)51.22%(21/41)的患者肾超声检查有肾缩小(长径<9cm),80.5%(33/41)患者肾动脉血流峰速>180cm/s;(3)31.7%(13/41)的患者血清肌酐水平升高;(4)仅12.2%(5/41)的患者出现蛋白尿,7.3%的患者有外周血管杂音出现;(5)5例行磁共振成像(MAI)检查均提示有肾动脉狭窄,并经造影证实。结论:肾动脉狭窄的临床表现不典型。血压难控制、超声检查肾脏缩小、血管峰值流速增加(>180cm/s),应高度警惕有肾动脉狭窄可能,进一步行MAI,甚至肾动脉造影检查以明确诊断。     

比较开搏通与氯沙坦在同位素肾显像中诊断肾动脉狭窄的作用

目的　比较开搏通肾显像和氯沙坦肾显像诊断肾动脉狭窄的作用。病例和方法　 2 0 0 0年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,共 4 6例疑诊肾血管性高血压的住院患者 ,先行开搏通肾同位素显像 ,2 4小时后行氯沙坦同位素肾显像。所有可疑肾动脉狭窄患者在肾显像后 7天内行肾动脉造影。结果　肾动脉造影显示共 92个肾脏中 6 7个肾脏的肾动脉无明显狭窄 ,另 2 5个肾脏的肾动脉直径狭窄≥ 5 0 %。开搏通肾显像和氯沙坦肾显像诊断肾动脉狭窄的敏感性分别为6 0 0 %和 84 0 % ,特异性分别为 95 5 %和 97 0 % ,准确性分别为 85 8%和 93 4 %。后者诊断的敏感性和准确性显著高于前者 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　氯沙坦肾显像诊断肾动脉狭窄的敏感性和准确性明显高于开搏通肾显像。     

肾动脉狭窄42例临床特征分析

目的探讨肾动脉狭窄的临床特征,提高诊断水平。方法对2001—2004年东南大学附属中大医院经肾动脉造影确诊的42例患者其肾动脉狭窄临床表现和实验室及器械检查结果进行回顾性分析,并与同期肾动脉造影检查阴性的153例患者进行比较。结果肾动脉狭窄组与非肾动脉狭窄组比较,两组冠心病、高血压、高脂血症、肾功能不全、低钾血症、左心室肥厚发生率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。将冠心病、顽固性高血压、双肾不等大、血管杂音等主要病症进行分析,发现冠心病、顽固性高血压、血管杂音诊断肾动脉狭窄敏感性(60.3%)、阳性预测值(91.7%)和阴性预测值(90.0%)均为最高。结论冠心病、顽固性高血压、血管杂音3个病症对临床早期发现肾动脉狭窄具有重要意义。     

老年肾动脉狭窄超声造影诊断效能及超声造影表现特点

目的探讨肾动脉超声造影检查在老年肾动脉狭窄中的诊断效能及超声造影表现特点。方法回顾性连续收集2017年9月至2022年10月在我院接受肾动脉超声造影检查并且年龄≥60岁的1 074例老年患者临床资料及影像学资料, 并对肾动脉超声造影检查结果进行汇总及对比分析。结果 1 074例老年患者中有588例(54.7%)患者超声造影检查显示肾动脉正常, 486例(45.3%)患者存在肾动脉狭窄。经超声造影诊断为肾动脉狭窄的486例患者中有94例老年患者之后进行了数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查, 结果发现超声造影在评估不同肾动脉狭窄程度方面, 与DSA的一致性较好(Kappa值为0.739, P<0.001)。超声造影诊断肾动脉狭窄的486例患者中共计684条肾动脉存在不同程度狭窄(包括288例单侧狭窄和198例双侧狭窄), 其中55条(8.0%, 55/684)为肾动脉主干弥漫性狭窄, 629条(92.0%, 629/684)为肾动脉局限性狭窄(609条狭窄位置位于肾动脉近段/起始处、12条位于中段、8条位于肾门或段动脉)。肾动脉局限性狭窄超声造影表现为狭窄处造影剂声束变窄, 造影强度可增...     

16层螺旋CT血管成像技术对肾动脉狭窄继发高血压的诊断价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像技术对肾动脉狭窄继发高血压的诊断价值。方法对24例临床疑似肾动脉性高血压患者行肾动脉多层螺旋CT血管成像技术(MSCTA)检查及肾血管造影检查,对其MSCTA影像进行多种重建方式处理与肾动脉造影结果对比分析。结果MSCTA图像显示24例患者中17例21条肾动脉血管存在不同程度肾动脉狭窄,轻度狭窄7条,中度狭窄8条,重度狭窄6条。肾动脉造影检查阴性结果与MSCTA相同,MSCTA诊断轻度狭窄动脉1条在肾动脉造影中显示无狭窄,其余患者检查结果均与MSCTA一致。结论 MSCTA能清楚显示肾动脉狭窄部位及狭窄程度,对肾血管性高血压诊断具有重要的临床意义。     

开博通介入肾显像对肾动脉再血管化治疗疗效的预测价值

目的 :评价开博通介入肾显像对肾动脉再血管化治疗疗效的预测价值。方法 :3 1例患者经肾动脉造影证实有肾动脉狭窄并行肾动脉再血管化治疗 ,并在行肾动脉再血管化治疗前行基础肾显像 +开博通肾显像。全部患者术后随访时间为 2～ 2 4( 12 5± 9 4)个月。结果 :各种指标对再血管化治疗患者的疗效预测价值不同。从准确性方面看 :开博通肾显像对再血管化治疗疗效的预测准确性为 87 0 % ,高于其他几种指标的预测准确性。阳性预测值为 89 0 % ,高于其他几种指标的预测值。阴性预测值为 83 3 %。结论 :开博通肾显像对肾动脉的再血管化治疗具有重要的预测价值     

320排动态容积CT结合ECT预测老年前降支单支病变致血流储备分数<0.75的价值

目的以冠状动脉血流储备分数(FFR)为金标准,预测320排动态容积CT(320CT)结合ECT评价FFR0.75的准确性。方法连续入选临床诊断不稳定性心绞痛(UA)且冠脉320CT提示前降支(LAD)单支病变的老年患者72例,行ECT静息和运动负荷试验检查,二者结合与冠状动脉造影联合FFR比较,评价其预测FFR0.75的价值。结果 320CT示LAD狭窄超过50%联合ECT预测FFR0.75的敏感度为98%,特异度为86%,阳性预测值为94%,阴性预测值为95%;以320CT示LAD狭窄超过75%联合ECT预测FFR0.75的敏感度为96%,特异度为85%,阳性预测值为96%,阴性预测值为85%。结论当病变局限在LAD时,联合ECT和320排CT对预测LAD病变的功能学有较大价值,以320CT示狭窄超过50%为阳性标准时预测价值更高。     

Renal vein renin measurements accurately identify renovascular hypertension caused by total occlusion of the renal artery

OBJECTIVE : To assess the usefulness of indexes derived from renal vein renin measurements. DESIGN : A 12-year prospective study. SETTING : A tertiary institutional referral centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS : Between 1988 and 2000, we studied 152 consecutive hypertensive patients with a high pre-test probability of renovascular hypertension (RVH). RVH was diagnosed retrospectively on the basis of reduction in blood pressure after correction of ischaemia at follow-up. Renal vein renin measurements were used to calculate the ratios: Visch/Vctl (renal vein renin ratio; RVRR); Vctl/Viivc; (Visch - Viivc)/Viivc; (Vctl - Viivc)/Viivc, where Visch and Vctl indicate plasma renin activity (PRA) in the ischaemic and contralateral renal veins, respectively, and Viivc denotes PRA in the infrarenal inferior vena cava. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of renal vein renin measurement indexes that provided the best discrimination between patients with and without RVH and to identify patients with RVH caused by total occlusion of the renal artery. RESULTS : Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed as having RVH: 51 had significant renal artery stenoses (RVH non-occluded) and 16 had total renal artery occlusion (RVH occluded). Of the remaining 85 patients in whom RVH was excluded (non-RVH group), 27 had reno-parenchymal hypertension and 58 had essential hypertension. Of the renal vein renin measurement indexes, only RVRR and (Visch - Viivc)/Viivc in RVH-occluded patients differed significantly (P < 0.005) from those in the non-RVH group and showed the best performance by ROC curve analysis. This analysis also showed that, at any cut-off value, RVRR was far more accurate for identification of RVH-occluded patients than for identification of RVH non-occluded patients, both in the subgroup with unilateral and, even more so, in those with bilateral renal artery lesions. The best trade-off between sensitivity and false-positive rate was provided by cut-off values of 1.55 and 1.70 of the RVRR for identification of non-occluded and occluded RVH, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : RVRR is more useful for establishing an indication for nephrectomy in patients with renal artery occlusion than for identifying those patients with renal artery stenosis who will benefit from revascularization. In patients with RVH with bilateral renal artery lesions, lateralization of renin secretion occurs only in the presence of total renal artery occlusion. Different cut-off values are necessary for identification of non-occluded and occluded RVH.     

单侧肾动脉狭窄患者肾静脉肾素活性的变化及意义

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者肾静脉肾素活性变化及其和介入治疗后血压变化的关系。方法测定50例单侧肾动脉明显狭窄(管腔狭窄≥70%)患者肾动脉支架置入前双侧肾静脉和外周静脉肾素活性及血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度,分析其与肾动脉狭窄及支架术后血压变化的关系。结果同时伴有冠状动脉狭窄的患者成功接受冠状动脉及肾动脉血运重建术。狭窄侧肾静脉肾素平均活性明显高于对侧[狭窄侧(1.44±1.73)ng·ml-1·h-1和对照侧(1.27±1.57)ng·ml-1·h-1,P=0.04],14例(28%)狭窄侧与对侧肾素活性比值≥1.5(肾血管性高血压组)。平均随访(12±9)个月,9例术后血压转为正常,其中肾血管性高血压组7例[50%,与对照组2例(6%)比较,P<0.001]。多因素回归分析表明肾素活性比值≥1·5与肾动脉支架术后高血压治愈相关(风险比值OR=3.15,95%CI为1.49~5.97,P=0.02)。结论约三分之一动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者狭窄侧肾静脉肾素分泌显著增加(≥对侧1.5倍),这些患者中半数高血压在肾动脉支架术后可以治愈。     

Furosemide-131I-hippuran renography after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension

PURPOSE: We have previously demonstrated the greater sensitivity of 131I-hippuran renography than 99mTC-DTPA scintigraphy to diagnose renovascular hypertension (RVH). This study assesses the predictive diagnostic value of furosemide-131I-hippuran renography after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in patients with and without RVH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients were investigated at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center. Twenty-eight patients had RVH and 22 did not. Twenty-eight patients had normal or minimally decreased renal function (serum creatinine level 1.5 mg/dL or less) and 22 had renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level 1.8 mg/dL or more). Renography was performed 60 minutes after oral administration of 50 mg captopril or 10 minutes after intravenous injection of 40 micrograms/kg enalaprilat. Forty milligrams of furosemide were administered intravenously 2 minutes after injection of 131I-hippuran. The residual cortical activity (RCA) of 131I-hippuran was measured at 20 minutes. RESULTS: RVH was unlikely when RCA after ACE inhibition was less than 30% of peak cortical activity. Conversely, RVH was present when 131I-hippuran cortical activity steadily increased throughout the test to reach 100% at 20 minutes. In azotemic patients with RCA between 31% and 100%, RVH was differentiated from intrinsic renal disease by obtaining a baseline renogram without ACE inhibition and comparing RCA in that study and RCA after ACE inhibition. If RCA increased (indicating worsening renal function) after ACE inhibition, RVH was likely; whereas, intrinsic renal disease was more likely if RCA remained unchanged or decreased (indicating improved renal function) with ACE inhibition. The test had a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 96% in this population. There was a direct correlation between the results of angioplasty or surgery on high blood pressure and the changes in RCA before and after intervention (n = 20). CONCLUSION: Furosemide-131I-hippuran renography with ACE inhibition is highly predictive in identifying patients with RVH.     

Renal hemodynamics in patients with sustained essential hypertension and in patients with unilateral stenosis of the renal artery

Systemic and renal hemodynamics including split renal function tests were studied in 41 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) related to unilateral stenosis of main renal artery in comparison to 36 subjects with essential hypertension (EH). The two populations were matched for age, sex, body surface area, and systemic arterial pressure. Cardiac output and total peripheral resistances were similar in both groups, with total peripheral resistances increased in comparison to normal values (P less than .001). Patients with EH had a decreased blood volume (P less than .01) with a normal cardiopulmonary blood volume. Patients with RVH had a normal blood volume with an increase in cardiopulmonary blood volume (P less than .02). The para-amino hippurate clearance (CPAH) was decreased in EH. The decrease was similar in the right (160.3 +/- 56.9 mL/min/m2) and left kidneys (158.7 +/- 45 mL/min/m2). The inulin clearance (Cin) was similar in both kidneys (35.2 +/- 12.5 v 33.6 +/- 11.6 mL/min/m2). In addition, in EH, CPAH was negatively correlated with blood pressure (P less than .01). In patients with RVH, CPAH of the "stenotic" kidney was reduced (91.5 +/- 47.8 mL/min/m2) as well as Cin (22.9 +/- 9.3 mL/min/m2). In contrast a significant increase in CPAH (194.1 +/- 63.8 mL/min/m2) and Cin (47.6 +/- 12.6 mL/min/m2) was observed in the contralateral kidney. Kidney function (CPAH and Cin) was not correlated with blood pressure in the "stenotic" kidney. The CPAH and Cin of the nonstenotic kidney were positively and significantly correlated with systemic arterial pressure (P less than .001). The Cin was positively correlated with CPAH in all kidneys in RVH or in EH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents: diagnosis and treatment over 19 years

SUMMARY Sixty seven hypertensive children age 2-18 with at least one possible clinical sign of renovascular hypertension (RVH) were enrollment into a screening program for diagnose and treatment of RVH over a 19 year period. Patients underwent a variety of biochemical and imaging studies, but in all cases, renal arteriography was used to determine the precise diagnosis and treatment strategy. Of the 67 patients 21 (31.3%) were identified with renal artery stenosis Group 1, 14 (66.6%) unilateral, 5 (23.8%) bilateral and 2 (9.6%) branches. The mean age was 13.9 +/- 3.73 years, with 26.4 +/- 35.2 months of known hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure 191.1 +/- 30.6 mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure 135.3 +/- 21.2 mmHg and 69% due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Three therapeutic modalities were chosen: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), surgery (autotransplant, and nephrectomy), pharmaceutical therapy with antihypertensive drugs and combination of these. The aim of the treatment was blood pressure control, prevention of chronic renal disease and renal function and organ damage preservation. The outcome was categorized as cure, improvement or no change in hypertension. PTA treated eleven patients, 2 combined with surgery (one nephrectomy and 1 autotransplant). Blood pressure was normalized in 9/11 (81.8%) after a mean follow-up of 11.5 years (range 1-18 years). All 6 RVH cases treated by surgery procedure (one after PTA) were cured and 4 cases were managed medically (pharmacological treatment). On december 2004, 19/21 (90%) RVH adolescents blood pressure was normalized with normal serum creatinina, 10 (48%) of these completed cured, 9/21 (43%) improved (normotensión with decrease in medication requirements) and 2 (9%) other cases ware lost of follow-up. The 46 non-RVH adolescents (68.7%) were treated with long term antihypertensive medications; all of these have adequate BP control and normal renal function. We conclude that our work-up used in order to make a proper and timely diagnosis and treatment of renovascular hypertension in adolescent was successful in our population.     

Identification of Potential Regulatory Regions in the Renin Gene

Circadian blood pressure (BP) variation were studied in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Ambulatory BP (ABP) was monitored every 5 min for 24 hrs in a ward setting in 23 patients with PA and 17 patients with RVH (13 patients with unilateral renal arterial stenosis and 4 with bilateral stenosis). In patients with RVH, ABP was monitored before and after treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was high before percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in almost all patients with RVH and low in those with PA. Ordinary circadian BP variation, i.e. nocturnal fall and diurnal rise in BP, was confirmed in the patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty successfully normalized both BP and PRA in those with RVH. Normal circadian BP variation was observed in those with RVH before the treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as well as during treatment with the former and after treatment with the latter. Circadian BP variation in the patients with RVH was affected by the pathogenesis of renal artery stenosis alone, i.e, fibromuscular hyperplasia and atherosclerosis; with fibromuscular hyperplasia normal circadian BP variation was observed, while with atherosclerosis, nocturnal BP fall was restricted or eliminated. Circadian BP variation in those with PA before and after excision of adrenal adenoma was essentially similar to that in normal subjects and essential hypertensive patients. From these it seems that in patients with RVH or PA, circadian BP variation is not affected by hypertension per se or by pathogenesis of hypertension.     

Renovascular hypertension associated with neurofibromatosis: a case report

Although vascular involvement in type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is rare, it may lead to renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension (RVH). RVH may be treated using antihypertensive drugs, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA), surgical reconstruction of the renal artery, or nefrectomy. In NF1 the results of PTRA are less predictable than in cases of fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerosis. We report a case of RVH associated with NF1. Despite administration of multiple antihypertensive drugs blood pressure remained uncontrolled. Selective left renal arteriography demonstrated two consecutive high-grade stenotic lesions with post-stenotic aneurysmal dilatation treated successfully with balloon dilatation. During the ensuing 2 year follow up complete normalization of blood pressure was observed. This case illustrates that endovascular therapy may be beneficial and should be considered a reasonable first option in these patients. However vascular involvement in NF may be progressive and therefore always requires continuing follow up.     

Use of intravenous nicardipine for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension

The diagnosis of remediable renovascular hypertension (RVH) requires demonstration of lateralization of renal vein renin (RVR). In order to increase the accuracy of RVR ratio, we investigated the acute effects of a bolus of Nicardipine (Nic.: 4 mg i.v.) on hemodynamics and RVR in 19 patients. 13 patients had an unilateral renal artery stenosis greater than 75% (RVH: 10 atheroma and 3 fibrodysplasia) and 6 patients had essential hypertension (EH). In 6 patients (5 RVH and 1 EH) treatment could not be discontinued and only a monotherapy by central alpha-agonists was prescribed. RVR samples were obtained 15 minutes after renal vein catheterization (baseline values: T0) and 10 minutes after Nic. injection (T10). During the whole procedure, mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored every 2 minutes by an automatic device. Active renin was measured by a new immunoradiometric assay. A RVR ratio (stenotic/contralateral side) greater than 1.5 was considered as a positive ischemic index. Results: The relative changes in MBP and HR between T0 and T10 were of same magnitude in both groups. No patient suffered any untoward effect from the fall in MBP. Nic. increased RVR release from both sides in RVH group as well as in the EH group. At baseline, 6/13 of the RVH patients and none of the EH patients had a RVR greater than 1.5. After Nic. injection, all the RVH patients had a RVR greater than 1.5 and none among EH patients. We conclude that single i.v. Nic. bolus is a safe and a reliable procedure which increases diagnostic accuracy by enhancing RVR when there is an unilateral RVH disease.     

Comparison of Target Organ Damage in Renovascular and Essential Hypertension

In many reports, the prevalence of target organ damage in renovascular hypertension (RVH) appears to be higher than in essential hypertension (EH). Since in most studies the renal artery stenosis is part of a diffuse atherosclerotic disease, it is not known whether these complications are due to RVH itself or to the vascular disease.We have undertaken a case control study of 92 patients divided into two groups (46 in each), one with RVH and the other with EH and abdominal aortic aneurysm, with a comparable degree of diffuse atherosclerotic vascular disease. The vascular state of the extracranial carotid arteries and abdominal and inferior limb districts was investigated with angiography and sonography. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) were assessed by electrocardiography. Serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion were employed in the renal evaluation. While the analysis of the results confirmed an even diffusion of atherosclerotic vascular disease between the two groups, a significant difference was found in the prevalence of heart and renal damage. LVH was present in 32.6% of RVH patients versus 10.8% in EH (P = .02). Serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dL was found in 50% of RVH and in 23.9% of EH, (P = .01). The prevalence of proteinuria in RVH was also higher although not reaching the statistical significance. The results suggest that, in patients with comparable degrees of atherosclerotic vascular disease, RVH is responsible for the higher prevalence of target organ damage in this condition compared to those with EH. Am J Hypertens 1996;9:1062–1067