糖尿病肾病患者血小板活性及血浆内皮素水平测定

为了解血小板活性及血浆内皮素－１水平在糖尿病肾病发生与发展中的作用，用放射免疫分析法与酶联免疫吸附分析法分别测定７８例不同程度糖尿病肾病患者血ＥＴ－１和血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白，血栓素Ｂ２及６－酮前列环素Ｆ１α含量。结果，糖尿病患者各组ＧＭＰ－１４０与ＴＸＢ２水平分别高于对照组，肾功能不全组的ＧＭＰ－１４０又高于其他肾病组合     

正常妊娠和妊娠高血压综合征妇女血浆一氧化氮及内皮素水平的变化

目的探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、内皮素１（ＥＴ１）在正常妊娠及妊娠高血压综合征（简称妊高征）中的作用。方法应用Ｇｒｉｅｓ法及放射免疫法对６０例妊高征患者（妊高征组）、４５例正常妊娠妇女和１５例正常非孕妇女（对照组）的血浆及新生儿脐静脉血中ＮＯ代谢产物亚硝酸盐／硝酸盐（ＮＯ－２／Ｎ－Ｏ３）及ＥＴ１水平进行检测。结果正常妊娠妇女血浆ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而在孕中期增高最明显；妊高征患者血浆ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３明显低于正常孕晚期妇女（Ｐ＜００１）和对照组（Ｐ＜００５），ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３水平随妊高征病情的进展逐渐下降，与平均动脉压呈负相关（Ｐ＜００１）；重度妊高征患者脐静脉血ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３明显低于正常晚孕妇女（Ｐ＜００１）及轻、中度妊高征患者（Ｐ＜００５）。妊高征患者血浆ＥＴ１明显高于正常晚孕妇女及对照组（Ｐ＜００１），与病情严重程度呈正相关（Ｐ＜００５），与平均动脉压无明显相关（Ｐ＞００５）；脐血ＥＴ１水平各组差异无显著意义。母血ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３水平与ＥＴ１水平无明显相关（Ｐ＞００５）。结论妊高征的发病可能与ＮＯ合成、释放减少及ＥＴ１合成、释放增加有关。     

冠心病患者花生四烯酸代谢物和血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白测定的临床意义

目的：为探讨各类型冠心病发展的危险因素。方法：测定冠心病患者（１８例隐匿型冠心病，２２例不稳定型心绞痛，１１例急性心肌梗塞）和４０名正常人花生四烯酸代谢物（ＴＸＢ２和６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α）以及血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ—１４０）的含量。结果：冠心病组与对照组比较，ＴＸＢ２和ＧＭＰ—１４０明显升高，６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α明显降低，均有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），急性心肌梗塞组或不稳定型心绞痛组（除６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α外）与隐匿型冠心病组间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＴＸＡ２和ＰＧＩ２平衡的失调，ＧＭＰ—１４０含量的增加将是冠心病发展恶化的危险信号。     

老年人糖尿病肾病患者血小板功能和α颗粒膜蛋白－140的变化

测定了老年人糖尿病肾病与无肾病者血小板最大聚集率（ＭＡＲ）、电泳率（ＥＰＭ）及α颗粒膜蛋白－１４０（ＧＭＰ－１４０），并与健康人对照。结果表明：与健康人组比较，肾病组和无肾病组ＭＡＲ升高及ＥＰＭ水平降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），肾病组ＧＭＰ－１４０水平升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肾病组的ＭＡＲ、ＧＭＰ－１４０的升高和ＥＰＭ水平的下降较无肾病组明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示老年人糖尿病肾病病人血小板活化增强，有助于血栓形成和微血管损伤，这一变化可能在糖尿病肾病发生发展过程中起着一定作用。     

急性胰腺炎患者血小板与内皮细胞功能的研究

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法和单克隆酶联免疫吸附测定了３９例急性胰腺炎患者和２４例正常人的血浆内血小板α颗粒膜蛋白，血栓烷Ｂ２，６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α和血管性假血友病因水平。结果显示：急性胰腺炎患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０，ＴＸＢ２，ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ水平明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α水平明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。动态观察发现，水肿型胰腺炎患者其血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０，ＴＸＢ２，ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ水平于发病第５ｄ出现     

血小板和脂蛋白在冠心病发病中的作用及其临床意义

目的：研究血小板和脂蛋白在冠心病发病中的作用。方法：对３９例心绞痛患和３１例心肌梗塞患测定了血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ＴＸＢ２、６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α含量及血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白水平。结果：心绞痛和心肌梗塞患,血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ＴＸＢ２、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ平均值,明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）ＡＰＯＡ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α平均值明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,心肌梗塞组的ＧＭＰ－１     

急性胰腺炎患者血小板与内皮细胞功能的研究

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法和单克隆酶联免疫吸附法测定了３９例急性胰腺炎患者和２４例正常人 的血浆内血小板α颗粒膜蛋白、血栓烷Ｂ２、６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１ａ和血管性假血友病因子水平。结果显 示：急性胰腺炎患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ＴＸＢ２、ｖＷＦ：Ａｇ水平明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），６－酮－ＰＧＦ１ａ水平明 显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。动态观察发现：水肿型胰腺炎患者其血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ＴＸＢ３２、ＶＷＦ：Ａｇ水平于发 病第 ５ｄ出现下降趋势，而出血坏死型胰腺炎上述 ３项指标不仅没有下降趋势反而持续升高。提 示：胰腺炎患者血小板处于活化状态，内皮细胞功能受损，胰腺组织的血液循环障碍与血小板活化、 内皮细胞受损有密切关系。     

益气活血方对肿瘤坏死因子诱导血管内皮细胞释放反应的影响

以体外原代培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＥＣ）为受试对象，观察肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）作用于ＨＵＥＣ后不同时相条件培养液中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和血栓烷Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）含量的变化及中药益气活血方的作用。结果显示：作用８小时后，ＴＮＦ组６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α显著升高，而ＴＸＢ２明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｔ／Ｋ比值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），益气活血方对６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α升高具有协同作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），对ＴＸＢ２及Ｔ／Ｋ比值下降具有拮抗作用（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；２４小时后，ＴＮＦ组６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＴＸＢ２无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ｔ／Ｋ比值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），益气活血方对６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α升高具有协同作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），但对ＴＸＢ２及Ｔ／Ｋ比值下降无明显影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＴＮＦ作为炎症介质能导致血管扩张、管壁通透性增大，而益气活血方在一定时间内具有对抗作用。     

NIDDM血管病变与血浆内皮素、6-酮-前列环素F_(1α)、血栓素B_2的关系

目的探讨ＮＩＤＤＭ病人血管病变与血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、６－酮－前列环素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）的关系。方法应用放射免疫法测定ＮＩＤＤＭ病人血浆ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的变化。结果ＮＩＤＤＭ无血管病变组与ＮＩＤＤＭ合并血管病变组ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１），有血管病变组ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２明显高于无血管病变组（Ｐ＜０．００１）、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α明显低于无血管病变组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论血浆ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的改变可反映内皮细胞的损伤程度，提示可能存在糖尿病血管并发症。     

硝普钠治疗难治性心衰及其对血浆一氧化氮、内皮素-1的影响

为探讨硝普钠治疗难治性心衰后血浆一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素１（ＥＴ１）的变化。在综合治疗的基础上加用硝普钠治疗难治性心衰５８例，应用分光光度法及放免法测定治疗前后血浆ＮＯ及ＥＴ１的变化。结果：与治疗前相比，有效组血浆ＮＯ水平明显升高（Ｐ＜００１），ＥＴ１明显下降（Ｐ＜００１）；无效组ＮＯ、ＥＴ１无明显变化（Ｐ＞００５）；心功能明显改善总有效率８７９３％。结果提示：ＮＯ、ＥＴ１是观察心衰治疗效果的重要指标之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.