鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术对咽鼓管周围组织的处理

目的总结鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术在处理咽鼓管咽口周围结构的临床经验。方法回顾分析26例腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。着重探讨对咽鼓管扁桃体和咽鼓管圆枕后方肥大淋巴组织的处理方法。结果鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术术后治愈率和好转率较常规腺样体刮除术高(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜直视下用弯头外侧开口吸切头经口腔入路切除腺样体对于清除咽鼓管周围淋巴组织具有明显优势,对于改善咽鼓管通气功能甚为重要,而且降低了咽鼓管咽口损伤的可能。     

鼻内镜经鼻电动切割与微波热凝治疗儿童腺样体肥大疗效的比较

目的比较鼻内镜电动切割与微波热凝经鼻治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效.方法在鼻内镜和电视监视下经鼻分别采用电动切割及微波热凝治疗儿童腺样体肥大各36例,治疗由于腺样体肥大引起的儿童睡眠呼吸障碍、鼻阻塞和咽鼓管功能障碍.结果电动切割术后腺样体切除彻底,无残体存留,鼻咽部结构显示良好,无咽鼓管损伤等并发症发生,随访1～2年,患儿症状消失或明显减轻,治疗有效率为100%.微波热凝术后腺样体切除不彻底,仍有残体存留,有咽鼓管损伤等并发症发生,随访1～2年,患儿治疗有效率为83.9%.结论鼻内镜下经鼻电动切割治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效优于微波热凝.     

儿童腺样体肥大3种切除方式疗效分析

目的：比较传统经口腔腺样体刮除术、鼻内镜下经鼻腔腺样体切除术及鼻内镜下经口鼻腔双径路腺样体切除术的疗效。方法：回顾性分析202例接受腺样体肥大手术患儿的临床资料,比较3种术式术后患儿夜间打鼾、鼻塞、鼻漏及听力等症状的恢复和腺样体残留等情况。结果：传统经口腔腺样体刮除术后6例患儿存在腺样体残留,其他2种术式术后无腺样体残留。鼻内镜下经口鼻腔双径路腺样体切除术后患儿打鼾、鼻塞症状改善明显。结论：腺样体肥大的理想手术方法为鼻内镜下经口鼻腔双径路腺样体切除术。     

鼻内镜下3种不同手术方式治疗儿童腺样体肥大疗效分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下3种不同手术方式治疗儿童腺样体肥大的临床效果。方法将2013年1月~2014年12月收治的70例儿童腺样体肥大的患者分为3组，A组采用鼻内镜下腺样体刮匙行腺样体切除术，B组采用鼻内镜下电动切割器行腺样体切除术，C组采用鼻内镜下等离子低温射频消融系统对腺样体行低温射频消融切除术。比较上述3组患儿术中出血量与疼痛评分。结果3组患儿经治疗后临床症状完全缓解，B、C两组术中出血量、疼痛评分均优于A组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），C组术中出血量、疼痛评分均优于B组，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论鼻内镜下儿童腺样体肥大的患者行低温等离子射频消融切除术较传统的腺样体刮除术及电动切割器腺样体切除术损伤小、出血少、预后好，值得临床上广泛应用。     

鼻内镜下两种手术径路治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效比较

目的比较鼻内镜下经口和经鼻两种手术径路在儿童腺样体肥大切除术中的疗效。方法将80例腺样体肥大患儿随机分为经口组和经鼻组各40例,对两组患儿打鼾、鼻塞、耳闭等症状改善情况、术后并发症及随访6个月复发情况进行回顾性比较分析。结果两组患儿症状均全部消失或得到显著改善,经口组术后腺样体切割干净,无腺样体残留,仅2例术后出现轻微软腭损伤,随访无复发;经鼻组术后出现不同程度的软腭损伤、圆枕损伤、咽鼓管损伤、继发出血、腺样体残留或鼻腔粘连,2例再次手术。结论鼻内镜下经口腺样体切除术术后并发症少、复发率低、疗效可靠,优于经鼻腺样体切除术。     

鼻内镜下腺样体肥大的手术治疗

目的探讨鼻内镜下经鼻腺样体切除术的可行性和优点。方法在鼻内镜下对较大儿童及成人腺样体肥大经鼻行腺样体切除术48例,治疗由腺样体肥大引起的睡眠呼吸障碍、鼻阻塞和咽鼓管功能障碍等。结果术后腺样体切除干净,无残体存留,鼻咽部结构显示良好,无出血、咽鼓管损伤等并发症,随访0.5~2年,病人症状消失。结论鼻内镜下腺样体肥大切除手术能在直视下进行,增加了手术的安全性和准确性,病变切除更加彻底,手术疗效明显,并发症少。     

鼻内镜下三种方法切除儿童腺样体

目的总结鼻内镜下三种不同的手术方法治疗儿童腺样体肥大的经验,探索最佳的治疗方案。方法选择2009年6月～2011年10月全麻下经鼻内镜腺样体切除患儿1148例,应用90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路低温等离子切除腺样体368例,90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路Medtronic动力系统切吸术切除腺样体肥大677例,0°小儿鼻内镜下经鼻腔径路Medtronic动力系统切除腺样体103例。结果9 0°成人鼻内镜下口腔径路低温等离子切除腺样体的3 6 8例患儿术后无明显疼痛和出血,基本不影响进食;90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路Medtronic动力系统切吸术切除腺样体的677例患儿中有较明显的疼痛,术后出血7例,占1.03%;0°小儿鼻内镜经鼻腔Medtronic动力系统切除腺样体手术时间长,操作困难,术后需要鼻腔填塞。结论 90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路Medtronic动力系统切吸术和等离子消融术治疗腺样体肥大是很好的微创手术方法,但笔者更倾向于应用等离子消融术。     

70°鼻内镜下儿童腺样体切除术825例临床分析

目的研究70°鼻内镜下儿童腺样体切除术的方法和疗效。方法对825例腺样体肥大患者采用70°鼻内镜下腺样体切除术,观察其疗效。结果 825例腺样体肥大患者术后所有主观症状消失或明显好转,听力学检查均恢复正常,复查鼻咽侧位片或电子鼻咽镜见鼻咽部光滑,后鼻孔通畅,咽鼓管咽口无狭窄。术后随访3～20个月所有患者无复发,并发症少见。结论 70°鼻内镜下腺样体切除术是治疗腺样体肥大的有效手术方式。     

鼻内镜下经鼻腺样体切除术35例报告

目的探讨鼻内镜用于经鼻腺样体切除术的可行性和优点.方法在鼻内镜和电视监视下经鼻行腺样体切除术35例,治疗由腺样体肥大引起的睡眠呼吸障碍、鼻阻塞和咽鼓管功能障碍.结果术后腺样体切除干净,无残体存留,鼻咽部结构显示良好,无出血、咽鼓管损伤等并发症,随访0.5～2年,患者症状消失或明显减轻.结论此手术能在直视下进行,增加了手术的安全性和准确性,病变切除更加彻底,手术疗效明显,并发症发生率减少.     

成人腺样体肥大的治疗体会

目的探讨成人腺样体肥大的临床表现、诊断及治疗,方法对2007年4月-2012年3月在本科因腺样体肥大行经口入路70。鼻内镜下腺样体切除术的35例成人患者随访3个月～1年,观察患者的临床症状及鼻内镜检查情况,并对临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果35例患者术后均无出血,无腺样体残留,无咽鼓管咽口、咽鼓管圆枕、软腭损伤,无鼻咽粘连,3l例患者症状完全消失（88．6＂／0）,4例患者症状好转（11．4＂／o）。鼻内镜检查见鼻咽部黏膜光滑,未见腺样体残留及复发,咽鼓管咽口暴露良好。结论临床医生应逐步认识并重视成人腺样体肥大的问题,以免漏诊误诊,并及时给予正确的治疗。鼻内镜下腺样体切除术是治疗成人腺样体肥大的有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Obstructive adenoid tissue: an indication for powered-shaver adenoidectomy

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the incidence of intranasal extension of adenoid tissue and residual adenoidal obstruction of the posterior choanae following traditional curette adenoidectomy to determine the efficiency of adenoid curettage and the usefulness of intraoperative endoscopic examination and powered-shaver adenoidectomy in achieving better postnasal patency. DESIGN: Prospective intraoperative endoscopic evaluation of the posterior choanae and nasopharynx of a case series of 130 patients before and after curette and powered-shaver adenoidectomy. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: One hundred thirty consecutive pediatric patients with obstructive adenoidal hypertrophy undergoing adenoidectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of residual postnasal obstruction due to adenoid tissue was assessed endoscopically (grades 0-3) after curette and adjuvant powered-shaver adenoidectomy. The presence of intranasal adenoid tissue was also recorded. RESULTS: Following traditional curette adenoidectomy, 51 (39%) of 130 patients had residual obstructive adenoid with 42 patients (32%) having occlusive intranasal adenoid tissue. Having determined the presence of remaining obstructive tissue with intraoperative nasal endoscopy in these 51 patients, complete airway patency was achieved with powered-shaver adenoidectomy. CONCLUSION: The presence of intranasal extension of adenoids obstructing the posterior choanae is common in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Traditional adenoidectomy is ineffective in removing this tissue and may also leave obstructive tissue high in the nasopharynx. Intraoperative nasal endoscopy allows assessment of the completeness of surgery. Powered-shaver adenoidectomy enables complete removal of obstructive adenoid tissue thereby ensuring postnasal patency.     

Resistant bacteria in the adenoids: a preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of resistant bacteria in adenoid cultures from children with and without middle ear disease and rhinosinusitis symptoms. DESIGN: Children meeting the requirement for tympanostomy tube placement underwent an adjuvant adenoidectomy for symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy or recurrent rhinosinusitis. Adenoid tissue and coexisting middle ear fluid, if present, were cultured. SETTING: Tertiary referral children's hospital with community-based satellite clinics. PATIENTS: Forty-six patients ranging in age from 1 to 11 years (68% <3 years) with recurrent or persistent otitis media and symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy or rhinosinusitis (study patients) underwent tympanostomy tube placement and adenoidectomy with culture of the adenoids and middle ear effusions. Eighteen patients with adenoid hypertrophy without ear disease or rhinosinusitis were used as controls. INTERVENTIONS: Tympanostomy tube placement and adenoidectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence or absence of resistant bacteria. RESULTS: Resistant bacteria were found in cultures of the adenoids in 56% (26/46) of the study group compared with 22% (4/18) of the control patients (P<.02). Also, strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis were found in cultures from 78% (36/ 46) of the study group, compared with 44% (8/18) of those from the control group (P<.01). Resistant isolates were found in 65% (23/35) of the S. pneumoniae, 37% (18/49) of the H. influenzae, and 100% (19/19) of the M. catarrhalis cultures from the adenoids or middle ear spaces. CONCLUSION: Resistant bacteria are present in significant amounts in the adenoids of children with middle ear disease and rhinosinusitis symptoms compared with patients without those diseases or symptoms.     

Endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration at the end of conventional curettage adenoidectomy

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common cause of airway obstruction in children and its recurrence after conventional curettage adenoidectomy is not rare. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration at the end of curettage adenoidectomy on decreasing the incidence of adenoid re-hypertrophy. Three hundred and fifty children diagnosed as having AH, underwent conventional curettage adenoidectomy by a single surgeon. The cases were randomly divided into two equal groups A and B, group B were further subjected to nasopharyngeal exploration by the nasal endoscope after removal of their adenoids with cauterization of any visible residuals, while group A were not subjected to this endoscopic maneuver. Follow-up was carried out for at least 2 years; flexible nasopharyngoscopy was used for detection of recurrent AH. Cases that were not subjected to endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration (group A) showed a high recurrence rate (6.6%), while explored cases (group B) showed a low incidence of recurrence (1.18%). Most recurrence of group A (6%) was detected within the first year of the follow-up period which may indicate re-growth of residual adenoidal tissues that were missed during conventional curettage adenoidectomy. Endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration at the end of conventional curettage adenoidectomy is a useful method in decreasing the incidence of recurrent AH.     

腺样体肥大3种不同手术方式的比较

目的:比较经鼻内镜腺样体切除术(TEA)、内镜辅助经口腺样体切除术(ETA)及传统的经口腔腺样体刮除术(TCA)的优缺点。方法:分析130例接受腺样体肥大手术患者的临床资料,比较3种术式的术后听力、夜间打鼾、鼻塞、鼻漏等症状恢复和腺样体残留等情况。结果:术后随访6~44个月,平均21.4个月。TCA术后鼻塞改善有效率显著低于ETA(P<0.05)。TCA术式中,有20例患者存在腺样体残留,其他两种术式无腺样体残留。结论:腺样体肥大的最佳手术方法为ETA,伴有鼻腔、鼻窦疾病者可行TEA。     

Update on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube. RECENT FINDINGS: A clinically useful test for eustachian tube function is still lacking. Narrowing of the isthmus alone was demonstrated to be an insufficient cause of otitis media. Inflammatory mediators identified within the eustachian tube and middle ear cells were causally linked with otitis media with effusion. Increasing evidence was found that allergic disease and reflux may be two of the most important contributors of tubal inflammation causing otitis media with effusion. The adenoid size and proximity to the torus tubaris may also be important in considering which patients with persistent otitis media with effusion may benefit from adenoidectomy. Computed tomography scan has documented loss of soft tissue within the cartilaginous eustachian tube in patients with patulous eustachian tubes. An endoscopic approach to seal the tubal lumen has been found to be effective in relieving patulous symptoms. SUMMARY: These studies suggest that allergic rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux should be investigated in patients with eustachian tube dysfunction. Adenoidectomy should also be considered in patients who have adenoids that obstruct the torus tubaris. Patients with a patulous eustachian tube may benefit from an endoscopic closure. Further research is needed to identify a clinically useful test for eustachian tube dysfunction.     

儿童腺样体肥大与中耳咽鼓管功能相关性分析

目的:探讨腺样体大小与中耳功能和咽鼓管功能的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2004年2月~2004年10月因腺样体肥大收入院手术患儿的中耳功能,并比较腺样体肥大患儿和正常同龄儿童的咽鼓管功能的差异。结果:①腺样体大小与中耳压力有明显的负相关性(r=-0.41,P<0.05);②腺样体肥大患儿咽鼓管功能(13.9±13.2)daPa,与正常儿童咽鼓管功能(22.5±10.4)daPa比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.1,P<0.01);③患儿腺样体的大小程度与咽鼓管功能无明显相关性(r=-0.19,P>0.05)。结论:腺样体病理性肥大可引起咽鼓管功能障碍,是分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的发病基础。     

Trans-oral endoscopic assisted radio-frequency for adenoid ablation; A randomized prospective comparative clinical study

ObjectiveThis study compared the efficacy and safety of conventional adenoidectomy using a curette and the Radio-frequency (RF) adenoid ablation using endoscope via the trans-oral technique.MethodsA randomized prospective comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study included 80 patients with a diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy, which was confirmed by X-ray of a lateral view of the skull. The patients were submitted into two groups 40 for each: curettage group and Radiofrequency group. Patients with bleeding diathesis, congenital anomalies, previous adenoidectomy, and morbid illness were excluded from the study. We evaluated the time consumption, the adenoid tissue remnant by the endoscope, blood loss, and clinical correlations like pain by Visual Analog Scale, halitosis, and secondary bleeding in both study groups.ResultsIntra-operative blood loss was 20–40 ml in the Radio-frequency (RF) group, but in the curettage group was 36 – 55 ml. Post-operative pain in the (RF) group was lower than the curettage group. Secondary bleeding was reported mostly in the curettage group (15%). The duration of the operation in (RF) group was relatively long. Halitosis decreased mainly after curettage adenoidectomy.ConclusionThe endoscopic radio-frequency adenoid ablation surpassed the conventional method. We encourage using Radio-frequency in adenoid surgery as a replacement for the traditional method.     

Gold laser versus curettage adenoidectomy: incidence of complications and otorrhea after concurrent pressure-equalization tube placement

OBJECTIVES: To measure the incidence of postoperative complications and otorrhea in patients undergoing Gold laser or curettage adenoidectomy with pressure-equalization (PE) tube placement. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of 100 patients, ages 8 to 48 months, undergoing Gold laser (n = 50) or curettage adenoidectomy (n = 50) and PE tube placement in a pediatric outpatient setting. METHODS: Pediatric patients with chronic otitis media with effusion and adenoid hypertrophy after failure of medical management were included in the study. Adenoid size and middle ear status were recorded at surgery. The total adenoidectomy procedure time was recorded. All patients were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 4 months postoperatively. The incidence of nasal complications and otorrhea was recorded. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in age, race, sex, adenoid size, or middle ear status between groups. The laser group had a shorter procedure time (P = .001) and a lower incidence of otorrhea (P = .024). There was no difference in nasal complications between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Gold laser adenoidectomy technique can be safely performed with PE tube placement and may offer advantages over the traditional curettage adenoidectomy technique.