Arthroscopically assisted conversion of total shoulder arthroplasty to hemiarthroplasty with glenoid bone grafting

Aseptic loosening of the glenoid component after total shoulder arthroplasty presents a considerable treatment challenge in the setting of substantial glenoid bone loss. Glenoid component explantation and bone grafting of defects have become common methods of recreating bone stock in hopes of preventing later fractures, maintaining joint kinematics, and allowing for later glenoid reimplantation if necessary. Although this has been traditionally accomplished via open techniques, this article describes an arthroscopic-assisted method of glenoid explantation and bone grafting for cases of aseptic glenoid loosening with contained bone defects.     

Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous fixation of triplane fracture of the distal tibia

Triplane ankle fractures typically occur in the adolescent age group. Although many are minimally displaced and can be managed nonoperatively, some are displaced and difficult to reduce by closed methods and need open reduction and internal fixation. Traditionally satisfactory articular reduction is achieved through an open approach, which can be extensive. We describe our experience of treating displaced triplane fractures in four patients, assisted by ankle arthroscopy to ensure anatomical reduction and minimal soft tissue disruption. We achieved excellent reduction and stable fixation in all four cases. All patients regained full range of movement within 6 weeks.     

Screw fixation without bone grafting for scaphoid fracture nonunion

IntroductionWe previously reported the classification of the scaphoid fracture nonunions as linear, cystic, and sclerotic or displaced types based on radiographic findings. We have been treating the linear and cystic type fractures via screw fixation without bone grafting and the sclerotic or displaced type fractures via screw fixation with bone grafting. In this retrospective study, we report the treatment outcomes of the linear and cystic types of scaphoid fracture nonunions.MethodsNineteen patients with linear and cystic type scaphoid fracture nonunions were included. Two patients had linear type and 17 had cystic type fractures. All the patients were male, their mean age was 29.2 years. All patients were treated with screw fixation alone by a single surgeon.ResultsBone union was achieved in 17 cases. The mean time to bone union was 3.7 months. Bone union was not achieved in one case of linear type and one case of cystic type fracture. The former was thought to be due to misdiagnosis of displaced type as linear type fracture; however, no obvious reason could be found for the latter.DiscussionScrew fixation alone could help achieve bone union in linear type scaphoid fracture nonunions. However, if the type of the fracture is difficult to diagnose based on plain radiography, evaluation using computed tomography should be performed. The cystic type fractures may need to be subclassified according to the location or size of the cyst as well as the viability of the proximal bone fragment.     

腕关节镜下植骨经皮内固定治疗舟骨骨折不愈合

目的探讨腕关节镜辅助微创植骨内固定治疗舟骨骨折不愈合手术方法和疗效。 方法2015年10月至2018年10月,采用腕关节镜辅助微创方法治疗外固定未愈合的不稳定型舟骨骨折9例,9例患者均为舟骨骨折不愈合,无合并舟月分离及舟骨近极塌陷。所有患者根据术前影像学检查评估舟骨骨折移位情况,骨折端硬化和骨质吸收缺损情况。术中从腕中关节入路刨除硬化骨后复位植骨内固定。收集患者术前及术后Mayo评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分),两组间数据比较采用配对t检验。 结果9例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均(11±4)个月。所有患者末次随访之时均获得骨性愈合,Mayo腕关节评分(89.4±5.8)分,与术前(52.2±6.7)分相比(t＝19.8,P<0.001),优8例,良1例。VAS评分由术前(5.2±0.7)分降至(1.6±0.7)分(t＝15.6,P<0.001)。 结论腕关节镜辅助微创治疗不稳定型舟骨骨折不愈合是一种有效的治疗选择,采用腕关节镜技术去除硬化骨,取髂骨碎屑植骨内固定能取得较为理想的临床效果。     

经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折不愈合的临床观察

目的：观察经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折不愈合的临床效果。方法：2001年6月至2007年12月,29例骨折不愈合采用经皮自体骨髓注射的方法治疗。男20例,女9例;年龄20～71岁,平均40岁。均为外伤性骨折,胫骨13例,股骨10例,肱骨3例,尺骨2例,桡骨1例,其中开放性11例。骨髓移植时所有患者经过手术内、外固定,髓内钉15例,钢板12例,外支架2例。病程6～12个月,平均8.5个月。骨不连类型：萎缩型26例,肥大型3例。所有病例予3次经皮自体骨髓注射,间隔1个月,骨髓注射量6～15ml。结果：29例全部获得随访,时间5～22个月,平均14个月。其中4例随访至第3次注射后3个月仍然未见明显骨痂形成,判定为治疗失败,改行自体植骨术（其中3例重新内固定）,随访结束。其余25例在3～8个月（平均4.5个月）内获得骨性愈合,到拆除固定时随访结束。结论：经皮自体骨髓移植是治疗骨折不愈合的有效手段,操作简单,经济安全。但是,稳定的内、外固定是自体骨髓移植的前提,骨缺损过多,骨折间隙〉5mm,骨不连且对线对位不良需要矫正者,不适宜采用该方法。     

加压交锁髓内钉固定加植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的临床研究

目的:探讨加压交锁髓内钉内固定加交锁髓内钉开口处取骨植骨治疗胫骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2008年2月至2010年10月采用加压交锁髓内定内固定加髓内针开口处取骨植骨治疗18例胫骨骨干骨不连,男12例,女6例;年龄31～67岁,平均42岁。受伤至手术时间6～18个月,平均8个月。骨折不愈合11例,延迟愈合7例。术后根据HSS评分系统评价膝功能,采用Tenny和Wiss评分系统评估疗效。结果:术后随访12～36个月,平均18个月,患者切口愈合良好,无感染,无皮肤坏死。全部患者未见骨不愈合、感染、畸形及再骨折发生。骨性愈合时间4～8个月,平均6个月。患者术后1年膝关节功能HSS评分平均(89.97±3.21)分。术后根据Tenny和Wiss评分系统评估疗效,优16例,良2例。结论:采用加压交锁髓内钉内固定加交锁髓内钉开口处取骨植骨治疗胫骨骨折不愈合及延迟愈合,能提高骨折愈合率,避免髂骨取骨带来的并发症,减少患者医疗费用。     

关节镜下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折14例

目的探讨膝关节镜下螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折的疗效.方法 2001年11月～2004年6月我院在膝关节镜下对14例髌骨骨折经皮行髌骨骨折复位螺丝钉内固定术治疗14例髌骨骨折.先用手法挤压髌骨或经皮钻入克氏针撬拔协助复位, 大布巾钳抓持或克氏针临时固定, 膝关节镜观察或C形臂X机透视髌骨复位情况,并做适当调整,在进钉处做小切口,钻孔、测深、攻丝,平行打入2枚钛螺丝钉或可吸收螺丝钉.结果 13例随访6～18个月,平均10个月.术后膝关节功能恢复良好,根据胥少汀评分法,优11例(84.6%),良2例(15.4%).结论关节镜下经皮螺丝钉内固定治疗髌骨骨折创伤小,复位确切,固定可靠, 关节功能恢复好.     

距下关节镜辅助下闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨距下关节镜辅助下闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的适应证及优、缺点。方法2003年2月至2004年12月,在距下关节镜辅助下采用闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定治疗单侧跟骨关节内骨折12例,男7例,女5例;年龄23～61岁,平均36.8岁;右侧8例,左侧4例;高处坠落伤11例,车祸伤1例。SandersⅡ型8例(ⅡA型1例,ⅡB型5例,ⅡC型2例),Ⅲ型4例(ⅢAB型2例,ⅢAC型1例,ⅢBC型1例)。结果12例中11例手术顺利,达到或接近解剖复位,1例SandersⅢAB型骨折由于中间的骨折块压缩过深而未能达到复位要求,改为小切口切开复位小蝶形钢板内固定治疗。术中关节镜检查证实关节面骨折间隙和台阶均<1mm。术前B"hler角为18.4°±5.8°,Gissane角为109.1°±10.2°,跟骨宽度为(35.9±2.2)mm;术后B"hler角为25.4°±3.5°,Gissane角为118.1°±6.4°,跟骨宽度为(32.3±1.1)mm。9例获得随访,随访时间10～25个月,平均17.4个月。按Maryland足评分系统评价术后功能,其评分为82～100分,平均92.5分,优6例,良3例。所有获得随访患者无一例发生骨折再移位等并发症,足外形良好,能够穿正常鞋,无明显跛行。结论距下关节镜辅助下闭合复位经皮螺钉内固定适用于SandersⅡ型和部分SandersⅢ型跟骨骨折的治疗,可获得良好的复位和可靠的固定,并明显降低软组织损伤等并发症的发生率,是一种有效、可行的微创治疗方法。     

Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and percutaneous external fixation of a displaced intra-articular glenoid fracture.

Arthroscopic reduction and percutaneous external fixation is a well-known technique for treating selected fractures. This is the first report of a method of treating intra-articular glenoid rim fracture using shoulder arthroscopy and percutaneous external fixation. The surgical trauma associated with open operative treatment of these fractures can be minimized using minimally invasive techniques under arthroscopic control. This technique not only allows for anatomic reduction with minimal surgical trauma but provides a valid diagnostic and treatment alternative for associated injuries. Arthroscopic reduction and percutaneous external fixation yielded excellent results with no complications. The authors describe the principles of the procedure and discuss its advantages compared with traditional surgery.     

One-stage open cancellous bone grafting of infected fracture and nonunion

Nineteen patients with either infected fractures or nonunions were managed by a one-stage protocol consisting of thorough debridement of the septic focus, followed by stabilization with an external fixator or a cast and fresh autogenous cancellous bone grafting; the wound was then left open. Nineteen fractures were healed and free of infection at an average of 3.5 years follow-up. Some considerations, including debridement, stabilization, bone grafting, and wound coverage, are discussed. Received for publication on Dec. 11, 1997; accepted on June 17, 1998     

Compression screw fixation without bone grafting for scaphoid fibrous nonunion

Purpose

Bone graft is often recommended as an adjuvant for treatment of scaphoid nonunions. However, recent literature has suggested that fibrous nonunion may be suited to treatment with rigid fixation without bone grafting. This work reported on outcomes of compression screw fixation for established scaphoid fibrous nonunions without bone graft.

Methods

Fourteen patients underwent surgical compression screw fixation without bone grafting of scaphoid fibrous nonunion between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012, with minimum follow-up until the time of clinical and radiographic healing. Fibrous nonunion of the scaphoid was defined as a scaphoid fracture with all of the following features: (1) persistent tenderness, (2) incomplete trabecular bridging on three X-ray views, (3) injury that had occurred at a minimum of 6 months prior to surgery, and (4) identification of fibrous union at the time of surgery. Outcomes were assessed with range of motion assessment, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores, and plain radiographs.

Results

Twelve of the 14 patients healed successfully, while two patients required secondary vascularized bone grafting. Both unhealed patients sustained proximal pole fractures and had a duration of ≥1 year from injury to surgery. Average time to healing was 4.4 ± 2.0 months. Average flexion was 73 ± 22° and average extension was 66 ± 22° postoperatively. Average grip strength was 90 ± 25 lbs on the operative side. Mean postoperative pain score was 1.4 (range, 0 to 7). Mean postoperative DASH score was 10.2 (range, 0 to 52). Increasing age and an interval from injury to surgery of >1 year correlated with worse DASH and pain scores.

Conclusions

Patients with fibrous scaphoid nonunion demonstrated good results with rigid fixation without bone grafting. Increasing age and >1-year interval between injury and surgery resulted in lower self-assessed outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic Level IV, retrospective case series     

Endoscopically assisted allogeneic bone grafting for atrophic nonunion of femur and tibia

BackgroundThe nonunion rate for all fractures is about 5–10%. The treatment of nonunion is based on the biologic and mechanical factors contributing to the cause of the nonunion. Debridement and bone grafting are the standard procedures used to treat nonunion of fractures.PurposeWe evaluated the results of endoscopically assisted allogeneic bone grafting performed to treat the nonunion of tibial and femoral fractures.MethodsBetween May 2006 and January 2011, eight patients (two men and six women) with tibial or femoral fracture nonunion were enrolled into our study. The average age of the patients was 35.4 years (range, 24–56 years). All patients underwent endoscopically assisted allogeneic bone graft implantation. We recorded the union status, clinical symptoms, and complications in all patients.ResultsThe average time from the fracture to surgery was 14.4 months (range, 9–22 months). The average follow-up period was 19.1 months (range, 9–28 months). Seven patients achieved bone union and only one patient required additional surgery. The average time between surgery and bone union was 6.4 months (range, 4–8 months). No major complications were reported.ConclusionEndoscopically assisted allogeneic bone grafting is a less invasive and effective treatment for atrophic nonunion of fractures.     

A case of dorsal glenoid fracture treated with arthroscopically assisted screw fixation

Fractures of the glenohumeral joint are somewhat difficult to treat in an adequate manner. Before an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is performed, arthroscopy may help to decide if and what kind of surgery should be chosen. A case (woman, 62 years) is described where arthroscopy helped to perform minimally invasive surgery with screw fixation in a glenoid fracture.     

Non-vascularized bone grafting in scaphoid nonunion: principles and type of fixation

In scaphoid fractures, delayed diagnosis and nonunion are fairly common as a result of several factors, including the difficulty of radiographic diagnosis of non-displaced fractures and underestimation of the injury by the patient. Main factors to consider when deciding treatment are the type of fracture and fracture stability. In the stable nonunion (Type D1 according to the Filan and Herbert classification, or linear type of Ikeda’s classification), percutaneous screw fixation without bone graft is recommended. The indications of non-vascularized bone grafting are as follows: (1) arthroscopic cancellous bone graft in type D1 and cystic type of Ikeda’s classification. (2) tricortical bone graft from the iliac crest in type D2 or D3 if the possibility of avascular necrosis of the proximal fragment is excluded. In this paper, our non-vascularized bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion would like to be described mainly about principles and type of fixation.     

肩胛盂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗肩胛盂骨折的疗效。方法对12例肩胛盂骨折患者采用切开复位螺钉和重建钢板内固定治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间6～25个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间6～11周。末次随访时肩关节外展60°～170°(135°±5.6°)。根据Herscvici肩关节功能评分标准:优2例,良8例,可2例。结论手术治疗肩胛盂骨折可以获得较好的临床效果。     

长骨骨折术后骨不连的外科治疗

2000年4月～2008年5月,我科收治长骨骨折内固定术后不连34例,笔者对骨不连的原因、治疗方法及疗效进行探讨.